Virtual Reality and Architecture (VRArch)

Report No. B-95-2, Revise 1996

This guide is work in progress, additions and corrections are more

than welcome.

Toni Emerson

Director of Information Services

Human Interface Technology Laboratory

(c) Toni Emerson, HIT Lab

Last Updated: 4-5-96

Keywords:

walkthrough
virtual worlds
virtual environments
3D or 3-Dimensional Design
CAD/CAM-Computer Aided Design
Dimensional Design

For updated online information, please see our On the Net: Architecture page.


SELECTED CITATIONS

(1992, October 14). Designing Castles in the Air. Architects Journal UK, 57-60.

(1995). Virtual Habitat: A Reality for Humanity. CRIT: The Journal of the American Institute of Architecture Students, n.34, pp.22-27.

(1995, Nov. 3-12). Telepolis - Exhibition and Symposium on the Interactive and Networked City, Luxemburg. [Online: WWW]. URL=http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/MLM/telepolis/english/office/partner.htm

Airey, J. M. and Brooks, F.P., Jr. (1989, February). Walkthrough - Exploring Virtual Worlds: Second Annual Report. (Report No. TR89-012). Chapel Hill, NC: UNC-CH Dept. of Computer Science.

Airey, J., Rohlf, J., and Brooks, F.P., Jr. (1990). Towards Image Realism with Interactive Update Rates in Complex Virtual Building Environments. (UNC Dept. of Computer Science, Report No. TR90-001). Computer Graphics: Proceedings of 1990 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics., 24(2), 41-50.

Alspaugh, J. C. (1992, May). A Short Guide to AutoCAD Drawing Primitives for 3D Computer Graphics Models and the Walkthrough AutoCAD-to-Polygon Conversation Program. (Report No. TR92-019). Chapel Hill, NC: UNC-CH Dept. of Computer Science.

Arakawa + Madeline Gins (1995, Nov.-Dec.). Reversible Destiny City. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 86-89.

Ascott, R. (1995, Nov.-Dec.) The Architecture of Cyberception. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 38-41.

Aukstakalnis, S. (1992, January). Virtual Reality and Experiential Prototyping of CAD Models. DesignNet, 1(1), pp. 62-63, 65.

Aukstakalnis, S. (1993, August). Too Hot to Handle: Using CAD, Virtual Reality, and Telepresence to Manage Nuclear Waste. CADalyst, pp. 46-50.

Aukstakalnis, S. (1993, August). Virtual Reality: Out of This World: The Fundamentals of Immersive Virtual Reality. CADalyst, pp. 36-44.

Bancroft, P. H. and Bollinger, E. (1993, Spring). The Two Worlds of Virtual Reality. CRIT: The Journal of the American Institute of Architecture Students. pp. 32-39.

Bannwart, E. (1995). Cyber City. In Proceedings of Virtual Reality World '95. (pp. 133-136). Munich, Germany: IDG Conferences and Seminars.

Bewick, N. and Riedel, O. (1995). Enhancing - Architectural Details Using Virtual Environments. In Proceedings of Virtual Reality World '95. (pp. 91-98). Munich, Germany: IDG Conferences and Seminars.

Blau, B. & Yurica, K. (1994, September/October). Designing VR Applications for the Desktop. Virtual Reality World, pp. 17-21.

Boesjes, E. M. (1991, August). Looking Back: It Wasn't Always a Virtual World. CADENCE, pp. 47-50.

Bollinger, E. and Bancroft, P.H. (1993). Two Worlds of Virtual Reality. CRIT: The Journal of the American Institute of Architecture Students., no. 30, pp. 32-39.

Bridgewater, C. (1993). Computer-aided Building Design and Construction. InWarwick, K., et al. (Eds.), Virtual Reality in Engineering. (pp. 65-90). London, UK: IEE.

Brooks, F. P., Jr. (1986). Walkthrough: A Dynamic Graphics System for Simulating Virtual Buildings. In Pizer, S. and Crow, F. (Eds.) Proceedings. 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics. (pp. 9-21). New York, NY: ACM.

Brooks, F. P., Jr. (1988, June). First Annual Technical Report: Walkthrough Project. (Report No. TR88-035). Chapel Hill, NC: UNC-CH Dept. of Computer Science.

Brooks, F. P., Jr. (1989). UNC Walkthrough . In Zelter, D. (Ed.) ACM SIGGRAPH '89 Course Notes #29: Implementing and Interacting with Real Time Microworlds. (pp. 1:1-1:4). New York, NY: ACM.

Brooks, F. P., Jr., et al. (1991). Six Generations of Building Walkthrough: Final Technical Report to the National Science Foundation. (Report No. TR92-026). Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

Brooks, F., Airey, J., Alspaugh, J., Bell, A., et al. (1992, June). Walkthrough Project. Final Report to the National Science Foundation. (Report No. TR92-026).Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina.

Campbell, D. and Wells, M. (1995). A Critique of Virtual Reality in the Architectural Design Process. HITL Technical Report No. R-94-3. Seattle, WA: HIT Lab, University of Washington. [Online: WWW] URL= http://www/projects/architecture/R94-3.html

Campbell, Dace. (1996). Design in Virtual Environments Using Architectural Metaphor: A HIT Lab Gallery. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. [Online: WWW] URL=http://www.hitl.washington.edu/publications/campbell/

Campbell, Dace A. and Davidson, James N. (1996, forthcoming). Community and Environmental Design and Simulation: The CEDeS Lab at the University of Washington. In Daniela Bertol (Ed.) Designing Digital Space: An Architect's Guide to Virtual Reality. New York: John Wiley.

Campbell, Dace A. (1996, Spring). The Nature of Cyberspace in "Vers Une Architecture Virtuelle..." CRIT: The Journal of the American Institute of Architecture Students, 35 , 26-28.

Campbell, Dace A. (1995, Fall). Virtual Architecture in "Vers Une Architecture Virtuelle..." Ser. CRIT: The Journal of the American Institute of Architecture Students, 34, : 14-15.

Campbell, Dace A. (1995). Vers Une Architecture Virtuelle... Unpublished report, Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. [Online: WWW] URL=http://www.hitl.washington.edu/people/dace/portfoli/arch560.html

Chaplin, S. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). Cyberspace: Lingering on the Threshold. .Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 32-35.

Clemson University. ">Virtual Reality and Architecture . [Online: WWW]. URL=http://fantasia.eng.clemson.edu/vr/architecture.html

Collins, B. (1993, November). From Ruins to Reality: The Dresden Frauenkirche. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, pp. 13-15.

Columbia University's. Architectural Anatomy. [Online: WWW] URL=http://www.cs.columbia.edu/graphics/projects/archAnatomy/architecturalAnatom.html

Cornwell, R. (1991, January/February). Where is the Window? Virtual Reality Technologies Now. Artscribe, pp. 52-55.

Dorozynski, A. (1993, July 10). Computers bring back a long-lost French abbey. (Cluny Abbey). Science, 261(5121), 544-546.

Dunne + Raby. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). Fields and Thresholds. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 60-65.

Emmett, A. (1992, March). Down to Earth: Practical Applications of Virtual Reality Find Commercial Uses. Computer Graphics World, pp.46-54.

ETH-Zurich. Computer Graphics Research Group, Architecture Space Laboratory. [Online: WWW] URL=http://caad.arch.ethz.ch/ Evans, B. (1992, Oct. 14). Designing Castles in the Air. Architect's Journal, 196(15), pp. 57-60.

Evans, D. (1994, October). AutoCAD in the Fast Lane. CADENCE, pp. 72-84.

Faust, N.L. (1994, May). The Virtual Reality of GIS. Environment and planning B, planning & design, 22(3), pp.257-268.

Feiner, S. K., Webster, A. C., Krueger, T. E., III, et al. (1995, Summer). Architectural Anatomy. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(3), 318-325.

Flanagan, R. (1993, June). Reflections on Reality. CADENCE, 8(6), pp. 67-73.

Franck, K. A. (1995, Nov.-Dec). When I Enter Virtual Reality, What Body Will I Leave Behind? Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp.20-23.

Frazer, J.H. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). The Architectural Relevance of Cyberspace. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 76-79.

Frazer, J.H.,, Rastogi,,, M. and Graham, P. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). The Interactivator. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 80-81.

Funkhouser, T., Teller, S.,, Sequin, C. and Khorramabadi, D. (1995). The UC Berkeley System for Interactive Visualization of Large Architectural Models. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(1), 13-44.

Funkhouser, T.A., Sequin,C.H. and Teller, S.J. (1992). Management of Large Amounts of Data in Interactive Building Walkthroughs. In Proceedings of 1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Computer Graphics, 25(2), 11-20.

Furness, T. A. (1987). Designing in Virtual Space. In W. B. Rouse, & K. R. Boff (Ed.), System Design. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Also: Report No. HITL-R-87-1. Seattle, WA: Human Interface Technology Laboratory, University of Washington.

Georgia Tech, Graphics Visualization Center. Conceptual Design Space Project . [Online: WWW]. URL=http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/virtual/CDS

Good, M. and Tan, L. (1994, November/December). VR in Architecture: Today's Use and Tomorrow's Promise. Virtual Reality World, 2(6), pp. 58-64.

Gradecki, J. (1994). Converting a Treadmill or Bicycle for VR. The Virtual Reality Construction Kit. (pp. 259-264). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Greenburg, D. P. (1991, February). Computers and Architecture. Scientific American, 264(2), pp. 104-109.

Greinacher, U. (1995, Feb.). The New Reality: Media Technology And Urban Fortress . Journal of Architectural Education, 48(3), 176-184

Henry, D. (1992). Spatial Perception in Virtual Environments Unpublished Master's thesis. Seattle, WA: HIT Lab, University of Washington. [Online: WWW] URL=http://www.hitl.washington.edu/publications/henry/

Henry, D. and Furness, T. (1993). Spatial Perception in Virtual Environments: Evaluating an Architectural Application. In Proceedings of IEEE 1993 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, VRAIS '93 (pp. 33-40). Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Service Center.

Human Interface Technology Laboratory. CEDeS Project. [Online:WWW] URL=http://www.hitl.washington.edu/projects/architecture/cedes/

Iconoclast, S.T. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). Architecture: the Virtual Imperative. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 28-31.

Jacobson, R. (1994). Designing Virtual Space. In Loeffler, C. E. and Anderson, T. (Eds.). The Virtual Reality Casebook. (pp. 243-249). New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Jacobson, R. (1994, May/June). Virtual Worlds: A New Type of Design Environment. Virtual Reality World, pp. 46-52.

Jalili, R., Kirchner, P.D., Montoya, J., Duncan, S., Genevriez, L., Lipscomb, J.S., Wolfe, R.H., and Codella, C.F. (1995). A Visit to the Dresden Frauenkirche. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(1), 87-94 .

Jalili, R., Kirchner, P.D., Montoya, J., Duncan, S., Genevriez, L., Lipscomb, J.S., Wolfe, R.H., and Codella, C.F. (1995). A Visit to the Dresden Frauenkirche. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(1), 87-94 .

Jepson, W., Liggett, R. and Friedman, S. (1995). Virtual Modeling of Urban Environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(1), 72-86 .

Jodard, P. (1993). The Ultimate Designing Machine. World Architecture, n. 255, pp. 80-85.

Joscelyne, A. (1994). VR Means Virtual Reconstruction. Wired, 2(1), 114-115.

Kaplan, K. (Ed.) (1995). Presence: Volume 4, Number 3. [Special issue on architectural uses of virtual environments]. [Online: WWW, abstracts only] URL= http://www-mitpress.mit.edu/jrnls-catalog/presence-abstracts/presence4-3.html

Land, N. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). Cyberspace Anarchitecture as Jungle-War. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 58-59.

Lansdown, J. (1994). Visualizing Design Ideas. In L. MacDonald and J. Vince (Eds.), Interacting with Virtual Environments (pp. 61-77). Chichester, England: Wiley.

Larijani, L. C. (1993). Architectural Walk-through. The Virtual Reality Primer. (pp. 99-108). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Larner, C. and Hunter, I. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). Hyper-Aesthetics: The Audience is the Work. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 25-27.

Larson, K. (1993). A Virtual Landmark. Progressive Architecture, 74(9), 80-87.

Machlis, S. (1992, October 26). Computers Create a New Reality. Design News, 48, pp. 60-62.

MacLeod, D. (1993, Oct.). Output Devices. Progressive Architecture, 74(10), pp. 86-87.

MacLoed, D. (19922, April). Computers: Virtual Reality. Progressive Architecture, 73(4), pp. 55-56.

Mahoney, D. P. (1994, April). Cityscapes. Computer Graphics World, pp. 36-43.

Mahoney, D. P. (1994, June). Walking Through Architectural Designs. Computer Graphics World, pp. 22-30.

McGuire, M. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). A-Symmetry City. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 52-57.

McMillan, K. Virtual Reality: Architecture and the Broader Community. Sydney, Australia: The University of New South Wales. School of Architecture, ARCH5915 Special Research Program 2. [Online: WWW] URL= http://www.arch.unsw.edu.au/subjects/arch/specres2/mcmillan/vr-arch.htm

Mine, M.R. and Weber, H. (1995). Large Models for Virtual Environments: A Review of Work by the Architectural Walkthrough Project and UNC. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(1), 136-145 .

Mitchell, W. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). Soft Cities. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 8-13.

Mitchell, W. J. (1995, Summer). Recombinant Architecture. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(3), 223-253.

Mitchell, W.J. (1995). City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn. Cambridge, Mass: The MIT Press. [Online: WWW] URL=http://www.mitpress.mit.edu/City.of.Bits/

Mitchell, W.J. (1993, Dec.). Virtual Architecture: Computers are Challenging Notions of Space. Architecture, 82(12), p. 39, 41, 43.

Nievergelt, J. (1993). Virtual Reality in Architecture. In Thalmann, N. M. and Thalmann, D. (Eds.), Virtual Worlds Multimedia. (pp. 85-97). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Nimeroff, J. S., Simoncelli, E., Badler, N. I., and Dorsey, J. (1995, Summer). Rendering Spaces for Architectural Environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(3), 286-297.

North Carolina State University, School of Design, Design Research Laboratory. [Onine: WWW] http://www2.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/sod4/Res-Pub/designresearch.html.

North Carolina, University of, Chapel Hill - UNC Walkthrough Group. [Online:WWW] URL= http://www.cs.unc.edu/~walk/

Novak, M. (1992). Liquid Architectures in Cyberspace. In Michael Benedikt (Ed.) Cyberspace: First Steps (pp. 225-254). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

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Novitski, B. J. (1992, January). New Frontiers in CAD. Architecture: The AIA Journal, 81(1), pp. 103+.

Novitski, B. J. (1994, October)). Virtual reality for Architects; New Technologies Simulate Moving Through Space for Design Study and Presentation. Architecture, 83(10), 121-125.

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Ostwald, M.J. (1993). Virtual Urban Space. Transition, no. 42, pp. 4-25, 64-65.

Ouhyoung, M. and Yan, Y-h. (1995). A Three-Dimensional Building Authoring Tool Based on Line-Drawing Understanding. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(1), 1-12.

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Pimentel, K. (1994). The Workroom. In Loeffler, C. E. and Anderson, T. (Eds.). The Virtual Reality Casebook. (pp. 42-45). New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Pimentel, K. and Blau, B. (1994, January). Teaching Your System to Share. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 14(1), pp. 60-65.

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Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Issues in Virtual Architecture. [Online: WWW] URL=http://www.edc.rmit.edu.au/arch/aj364/vaout.htm

Schmitt, G. (1995). Virtual Reality in Architecture. In Proceedings of Virtual Reality World '95. (pp. 113-124). Munich, Germany: IDG Conferences and Seminars.

Schmitt, G. (1993). Virtual Reality in Architecture. In N. M. Thalmann and D. Thalmann (Eds.), Virtual Worlds and Multimedia (pp. 85-97). Chichester, England: Wiley.

Schmitt, G., Wenz, F., Kurmann, D., and van der Mark, E. (1995, Summer). Toward Virtual Reality in Architecture: Concepts and Scenarios from the Architectural Space Laboratory. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(3), 267-285.

Sipes, J.L. (1994, May). Simulating Natural Phenomena. Landscape Architecture, 84(5), pp.30-32.

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Stoppi, J. U. L. (1993). VR-chitecture: an New Discipline. Colloquium. Distributed Virtual Reality (pp. 6:1-6:3). London, UK: IEE.

Stredney, D., Carlson, W., Swan, E., II, and Blostein, B. (1995, Summer). The Determination of Environmental Accessibility and ADA Compliance Through Virtual Wheelchair Simulation. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(3), 297-305.

Tabor, P. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). I am a Videocam: The Glamour of Surveillance. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 15-19.

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University of Britsh Columbia, School of Architecture. Virtual Design Studio 1996. [Online: WWW]. URL= http://www.architecture.ubc.ca/vds_96.htm

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Virtual Reality CAD. (1992, January). Eureka, 12(1), pp. 22+.

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Wihelmi, F. H. (1995). Real-time Acoustic Simulation for Interior Design. In Proceedings of Virtual Reality World '95. (pp. 125-132). Munich, Germany: IDG Conferences and Seminars.

Wilson, J. (1993, September). Art Work in 3D. CADENCE, 8(9), pp. 115-119.

Wilson, J. (1994, September). Let There Be Light, Phase One. CADENCE, 9(9), pp. 99-103.

Wilson, J. R., Brown, D. J., Cobb, S. V., et al. (1995, Summer). Manufacturing Operations in Virtual Environments (MOVE). Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(3), 306-317.

Wisconsin-Milwaukee, University of. VIRTARCH Project. [Online: WWW] URL=http://www.uwm.edu/People/jstagg

Xkavya. (1995, Nov.-Dec.). Modal Space: The Virtual Anatomy of Hyperstructures. Architectural design [Profile No. 118, Architects in Cyberspace], 65(11-12), pp. 66-69.

Yagel, R. and Ray, W. (1995). Visibility Computation for Efficient Walkkthrough of Complex Environments. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 5(1), 45-60.

Yu, L (1991, October). 3D Design: Cyberspace and Beyond. Progressive Architecture, 72, pp. 126-127.

Zahniser, R. A. (1993, October). Design by Walking Around. Communications of the ACM, 36(10), pp. 115-123.

Zobel, R. W., Jr. (1995, Summer). The Representation of Experience in Architectural Design. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 4(3), 254-266.