0 Generic World Wide Web -1 Summitt, P.M. ; Summitt, M.J. HITL 422 IDG Books Creating Cool 3D Web Worlds with VRML -1 -1 Overview of Contents of Book and VRML Book List 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1 Generic -1 HITL 632 Patent Searches File -1 -1 Printouts of Patent Searchs 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 2 Generic HITL Reference Bibliography, 1990. -1 Assorted Bibliographies -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 3 -1 HITL 701 -1 -1 Bibliographies 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 4 Report -1 HITL 303 LC Technologies, Inc. The Eyegaze Development System -1 -1 Unpublished Commercial Report 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 5 Book Section Designing Environments for Constructive Learning New York, NY -1 Duffy, T.M.; Lowyck, J.; Jonassen, D.H. HITL 624 Springer-Verlag Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 6 Journal Article -1 R&D. Japan. Toshiba Corporation. Hitachi Ltd. Minolta Camera Co. Ltd. Canon USA Inc. Victor Company of Japan. Advertising Supplement J1-J14 Japanese Technology Today: the New Synergy -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 7 Report -1 Harvard Business School 9-510-067/EA-M/483 Note on Product Policy -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 8 Book -1 Booklet Public Relations How to promote libraries by employee presentation. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 9 Journal Article -1 Template 8-13 Strike up the bandwidth 6 within five years, virtual reality will denotate a paradigm shift of massive proportions -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 10 Report -1 George C. Marshall Space Flight Center MFS-28584 Technical support package: Robotic system for greenhouse or nursery -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 11 Report -1 Topsight Program: Manufacturing Intelligently -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 12 Journal Article -1 Technology Knowledge Activities 2 19-27 Virtual reality: here today, real tomorrow 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 13 Report -1 Cybercity. Openplan. What the Autodesk data says about the demo Evaluations by participants in demos. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 14 Conference Proceedings -1 HITL 662 Artificial Life III Contributor Abstracts Addendum -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 15 Computer Program World Wide Web -1 HITL 758 Dimension X Liquid Reality Web Page -1 -1 Beta VRML Toolkit 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 16 Computer Program San Jose, CA -1 HITL 744 Diamond Multimedia Systems, Inc. Stealth64 Video 3000 Series -1 -1 Commercial Advertisement 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 17 Computer Program World Wide Web -1 HITL 747 Prisms Prisms 3D Animation Software -1 -1 3D Animation 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 18 Computer Program World Wide Web -1 HITL 750 Caligari Corporation Fountain -1 -1 VRML Authoring Program 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 19 Generic World Wide Web -1 HITL 791 ClayWorks Beta -1 -1 Printout of Web Page: For Downloading Beta Version of ClayWorks 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 20 Generic World Wide Web -1 HITL 789 VRML Browser, Tools, and Related Projects -1 -1 Printout of Web Pages 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 21 Patent USA -1 HITL 640 Helicopter Virtual Image Display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 22 Magazine Article Photonics Spectra -1 HITL 913 Binary optics Aid 3-D Vision Technique -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 23 Generic -1 HITL 956 Endo Optics 1 Microprobe Integrated Laser Endoscope System -1 -1 commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 24 Book Section The Foundations of Opthamology St. Louis -1 Duke-Elder, S. HITL 1140 C.V. Mosby Company 294-306 System of Opthamology Diagnostic Methods 7 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 25 Generic -1 HITL 1182 1-11 Search Subject: Scientific Visualization and Education -1 -1 Search results 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 26 Book Section -1 HITL 1258 25-91 Description of the Human Eye; The Dimensions of the Eye; optics of the Eye; The Retinal Image; Accomodation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 27 Book Section Optics -1 HITL 1259 93-152 The Dioptric Imagery of the Eye -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 28 Generic -1 HITL 1285 1-9 Medicine and Virtual Environments -1 -1 Paper? 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 29 Book Section -1 HITL 1144 Copy of Single Page from Unidentified Book 55 Munnerlyn Equation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 30 Report -1 HITL 1146 Useful CIE Radiometric and Photometric Terms and Units; Optical Radiation Hazards/Exposure Limits -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 31 Journal Article -1 HITL 1147 Charts Retinal Thermal Model -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 32 Book Section Contributions in Physiological Optics Columbus, OH 1955 HITL 1141 The Ohio State University xxvi-xxxiii,7-13, 36-41, 58-77, 89-107 Contributions in Physiological Optics 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 33 Generic EIA-170 Washington, D.C. 1957 HITL 134 Electronic Industries Association 1-11 EIA Standard -1 -1 November 1957 Standard 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 34 Conference Proceedings 1962 HITL 778 American Federation of Information Processing Societies Spring Joint Computer Conference xiii-xv Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 35 Generic Wasshington, D.C. 1969 HITL 133 Electronic Industries Association 1-9 Electrical Performance Standards for High Resolution Monochrome Closed Ciruit Television Camera -1 -1 September 2969 Standard 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 36 Generic Color Television Studio Picture Line Amplifier Drawing (to be a Future Part of RS- 170-A) Washington, D.C. 1977 HITL 132 Electronic Industries Association EIA Industrial Electronics Tentative Standard No. 1 -1 -1 November 1977 Standard 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 37 Report 1983 HITL 1118 Dept. of Defense, U.S. Government MIL-STD-1425 Military Standard: Safety Design Requirements for Military Lasers and Associated Support Equipment -1 -1 December 13 Standards 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 38 Magazine Article Opthamology Times 1983 HITL 1091 9 13 Sunglasses May Not Provide Best Protection for Protection 8 -1 -1 May 1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 39 Generic 1987 HITL 1087 U.S. Army 1-15 Laser Microwave Division Chronological Listing of Publications and Papers -1 -1 August 28 Publications bibliography of Laser Microwave Division 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 40 Generic Seattle, WA 1988 HITL 721 1-26 Bioengineering: Research and Development 1988 -1 -1 Bioengineering Department Description 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 41 Abstract Japan 1989 HITL 425 1-66 Abstract of the Report of the First Japan Networker's Conference -1 -1 November 12 and 18, 1989 Bound Abstract 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 42 Magazine Article Whole Earth Review 1989 64 108-119 An interview with Jaron Lanier. Virtual reality. -1 -1 Fall 1989 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 43 Magazine Article The Economist 1989 3-18 Thinking Ahead: A Survey of Japanese Technology (Special Issue) Japan's competitors are catching up; Japan needs to find a new brand of technology. Pragmatic dreamers. Japanese factories are becoming more like cloistered halls for thinking. Revenge of the vaccum tube: electronics firms are taking a step back, to make a leap forward. If only computers could program themselves. There are better reasons than prestige for getting into space. Japan's aircraft industry is out to earn its wings again. -1 -1 2-8 Dec, 1989 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 44 Book Section Dictionary of Visual Science Radnor, PA 1989 Cline, D.; Hofstetter, H.W.; Griffin, J.R. HITL 1142 Chilton Book Co. 250-251, 820 Pages From a Dictionary - Eye Entry -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 45 Journal Article 1990 HITL 124 NASA Tech Briefs 8 10-12, 30 Computerized Reality Comes of Age 14 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 46 Generic 1990 HITL 315 Human Interface Technology Laboratory Bibliography, Parts I,II & III -1 -1 Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 47 Generic 1990 HITL 316 1-8 Human Interface Technology Laboratory Research Papers -1 -1 Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 48 Journal Article 1990 Electronics World Analogue bias could bury DAT -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 49 Report 1990 Report from the Forum: The Future is Now This is the first of three reports from the Eastern Communications Forum obtained on-line. -1 -1 May 9, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 50 Journal Article 1990 Japan Economic Journal Research on the technological development of a "virtual reality": the start of a joint effort by industry, government, and academia. In Japanese, with translation. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 51 Report 1990 HITL "Televirtuality": Revolutionizing Tomorrow's Telephone Service -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 52 Journal Article 1990 Release 1.0 3-13 Virtual Reality: Spread Sheet for Industry -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 53 Generic 1990 HITL 741 1-43 New Books Area B Bldg 22, Technical Library, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base -1 -1 January 1990 Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 54 Newspaper Article Journal American Bellevue, WA 1990 HITL 728 In Search of Virtual Reality -1 -1 May 6, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 55 Conference Proceedings 1990 HITL 733 ATR Communications Systems Research Laboratories Workshop on Computer Vision Original Proceedings Handbooks: 2 Copies. 1-65 Active Perception -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 56 Conference Proceedings 1990 Juday, R.D. HITL 949 SPIE Real-Time Image Processing Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 57 Report 1991 HITL 9 Keio University Report on KEIO-CMU Summer Seminar -1 -1 October 28, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 58 Journal Article 1991 HITL 251 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 6 Table of Contents: Computers Graphics in Medicine 11 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 59 Generic New York, NY 1991 HITL 289 Time Inc. 18 1-98 Time Magazine: The New Age of Alternative Medicine 138 -1 -1 November 4, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 60 Generic 1991 HITL 318 1-19 Human Interface Technology Laboratory Virtual World Database Bibliography -1 -1 May 26, 1991 Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 61 Generic 1991 HITL 317 1-2 Human Interface Technology Laboratory Videotapes List -1 -1 May 26, 1991 Videotape Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 62 Magazine Article Keyboard 1991 34-40, 54, 143 Computer Music's Big Noise: Tod Machover -1 -1 July 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 63 Magazine Article Sense Magazine 1991 HITL. 5 in Japanese. 28-30 Human Interface Technology Laboratory/WTC -1 -1 Sept 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 64 Report 1991 Rye, Kjell-Jon. education. PSC to Host Technology Academy International gathering of top instructors to study ways to bring schools out of the dark ages. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 65 Conference Proceedings Charlottesville, VA 1991 University of Virginia X Technical Conference (Handout) SUIT: The Simple User Interface Toolkit -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 66 Generic Unpublished 1991 HITL 313 1-15 Bibliography of Japanese VR Articles Sorted by Institute -1 -1 Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 67 Generic University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 1991 HITL 219 1-2 Head-Mounted Display Research -1 -1 July 1991 Project Summary 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 68 Conference Proceedings Seattle, WA 1991 Keramidas, E.M. HITL 722 Interface '91 1-133 23rd Symposium on the Interface: Computing Sceince and Statistics Abstracts -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 69 Generic Videodisk Anthology of Virtual Realities 1991 HITL 259 Revue Virtuelle -1 -1 Letters and Documentation 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 70 Generic Santa Monica, CA 1991 HITL 342 The Human Factors Society 1-7 Directory of Human Factors Graduate Programs in the United States and Canada -1 -1 Directory 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 71 Report 1991 HITL 847 Bellcore The SuperBook Document Browser -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 72 Conference Proceedings Osaka, Japan 1991 HITL 921 Computer World '91 Contents: Multimedia Technology and Artificial Intelligence -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 73 Magazine Article NASA Tech Briefs 1991 HITL 897 46 Compensating for Movement of Eye in Laser Surgery -1 -1 November 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 74 Generic The Newsletter of the Human Factors Society Aerospace Systems Technical Group NAS Patuxent River, MD 1991 HITL 1549 HFS 4 The Flyer 4 -1 -1 December newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 75 Book Section Models in the Mind: Theory, Perspective and Application New York, NY 1992 Rogers, Y.; Rutherford, A.; Bibby, P.A. HITL 623 Academic Press, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 76 Conference Proceedings Bellingham, WA 1992 SPIE Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Human Vision, Visual Processing and Digital Display III computerised-instrumentation. digital-simulation. human-factors. man-machine-systems. robots. telecontrol. three-dimensional-displays. virtual-reality. visual-perception. virtual displays. telerobotics. helmet mounted display. stereoscopic displays evaluation. telepresence. simulated telemanipulation. visual depth cues. operator's task performance. occlusion. disparity. three-axis tracking. 541-547 Depth cue interaction in telepresence and simulated telemanipulation Virtual environment displays can show realistic scenes that include a wide variety of visual depth cues. However, timing demands and hardware power may limit the realism that can be achieved. Thus, it is necessary to consider how telepresence affects the operator's task performance. The authors examined the contribution of two important depth cues, occlusion and disparity, on the performance of a simulated telerobotic task. They have simulated a three-axis tracking task that is viewed under four different levels of realism. They hoped to determine if the combined presentation of the depth cues has a more beneficial effect on performance than either depth cue presented singularly. Results showed similar performance improvements with the presentation of occlusion or disparity individually. When both cues were present together, a somewhat larger performance improvement was measured. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 77 Magazine Article Advanced Imaging 1992 pp. 20-21 Imaging as Tech, Business, Job: What Pros Say Today -1 -1 August 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 78 Magazine Article Technology Review 1992 none 33-40 Machine Dreams: An Interview with Nicholas Negroponte -1 -1 January 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 79 Journal Article 1992 Virtual Reality News VRD. HITL. 2 Virtual Retinal Display Product profile. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 80 Magazine Article Good Communications 1992 Visual reality, not virtual reality. -1 -1 June 30, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 81 Generic 1992 HITL 175 No Publication 2 HITLab Virtual Simulation Testbed; HITLab Local Area Network -1 -1 February 26, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 82 Generic London, UK 1992 HITL 1031 Cydata 7 1-16 VR News: The Virtual Reality Newsletter 1 -1 -1 August/September Newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 83 Generic New York 1992 HITL 1288 Palisades Institute for Research Services 11 all Information Display Magazine 8 -1 -1 November magazine 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 84 Report 1992 HITL 1237 Congress of the United States, Office of Technology Assessment OTA-TCT-528 Finding a Balance: Computer Software, Intellectual Property and the Challenge of Technological Change -1 -1 May Summary 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 85 Conference Proceedings 1992 Murphy, H.J. HITL 1314 California State University, Northridge Contents: Virtual Reality and Persons With Disablities Virtual Reality and Persons With Disablities -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 86 Book 1992 imaging pp. 8-18 The Future of Imaging: An Advanced Imaging Survey none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 87 Conference Proceedings Santa Monica, CA, USA 1992 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting situation awareness, measuring, modelling 40-42 Situation Awareness: Modelling, Measurement, and Impacts none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 88 Book 1992 incomplete -* spatialized sound - VR in general Research in Virtual Environments none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 89 Generic The Visual Performance Technical Group Newsletter Santa Monica, CA 1992 HITL 1550 Human Factors Society 4 Insight 14 -1 -1 December newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 90 Generic Santa Monica, CA 1992 HITL 1552 HFES 6 Human Factors Society Bulletin 35 -1 -1 June newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 91 Generic 1992 HITL 1553 University of Nebraska 2 Industrial Ergonomics Newsletter 14 -1 -1 July newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 92 Generic The Visual Performance Technical Group Santa Monica, CA 1992 HITL 1554 Human Factors Society 1 Insight 14 -1 -1 March newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 93 Generic Seattle, WA 1992 HITL 319 HITL Bibliography, Part II -1 -1 Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 94 Magazine Article CyberEdge Journal 1993 HITL 58 1 1-5 Special Edition, Medicine & Biotech 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 95 Generic World Wide Web 1993 HITL 108 Edupage 1-3 Military Demonstrates Telemedicine -1 -1 July 23, 1993 Edupage Article 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 96 Magazine Article Physics Today 1993 HITL 89 235-236 Tenth Annual Buyer's Guide: Part 2 August 1993 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 97 Magazine Article AI Expert 1993 HITL 74 1-74 Virtual Reality Special Report 93 -1 -1 Fall 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 98 Generic Science University of Tokyo, Japan 1993 HITL 233 1-33 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication: Final Program -1 -1 November 3-5, 1993 Conference Program 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 99 Magazine Article The Economist 1993 HITL 694 61-62 Virtual Reality Gets Real -1 -1 February 20, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 100 Generic Cambridge, MA 1993 HITL 282 TERC 2 1-24 Hands On! 16 -1 -1 Fall 1993 Newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 101 Conference Proceedings 1993 HITL 320 Proceedings of Ed-Media '93 7-11 Educational Media and Hypermedia 1993 Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 102 Magazine Article New Technology Japan 1993 2 p. 16 3-d visual information processing system for robots 21 -1 -1 May 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 103 Magazine Article Telemedicine 1993 6-7 Cost-effective ISDN technology infiltrating into rural America -1 -1 Dec 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 104 Report 1993 Center for Telecommunications Management CTM Year End Report - Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1993 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 105 Magazine Article Signal 1993 14-17 Electronic warfare research focuses Navy virtual reality -1 -1 July 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 106 Journal Article 1993 Biological Cybernetics biocontrol. biomechanics. neural-nets. neurophysiology. oscillations. hexapodal gait analysis. neural networks. gait transitions. symmetrically coupled nonlinear oscillators. locomotor central pattern generators. insects. generic phase-locked oscillation-patterns. forward-walking gaits. symmetry-breaking bifurcations. control systems. hexapodal walking robots. 4 287-298 Hexapodal gaits and coupled nonlinear oscillator models 68 The general, model-independent features of different networks of six symmetrically coupled nonlinear oscillators are investigated. These networks are considered as possible models for locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) in insects. Numerical experiments with a specific oscillator network model are briefly described. It is shown that some generic phase-locked oscillation-patterns for various systems of six symmetrically coupled nonlinear oscillators correspond to the common forward-walking gaits adopted by insects. It is also demonstrated that transitions observed in insect gaits can be modelled as standard symmetry-breaking bifurcations occurring in such systems. The present analysis, which leads to a natural classification of hexapodal gaits by symmetry and to natural sequences of gait bifurcations, relates observed gaits to the overall organizational structure of the underlying CPG. The implications of the results for the development of simplified control systems for hexapodal walking robo -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 107 Journal Article 1993 Display Devices economics. electronic-equipment-manufacture. liquid-crystal-displays. thin-film-transistors. Sharp. Hosiden. Toshiba. NEC. personal computers. yield. throughput. productivity. manufacturing costs. 10.4 inch. 8.4 inch. 7 10-11 Makers strive to meet growing demand for TFT LCSs The demands for thin-film transistor (TFT) LCDs is growing and manufacturers are continuing full-scale production. Supported by this demand, makers such as Sharp, Hosiden, Toshiba and NEC are making investments to increase LCD production. Since the middle of 1992, demand for TFT LCDs-particularly the 10.4 to 8.4-inch class for personal computers-has been rapidly expanding. Therefore, yield and throughput are expected to be improved for the future mass-production run. An increase in productivity will greatly contribute to reduced manufacturing costs. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 108 Report 1993 MATRIS, DTIC-AM Prepared for the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting MATRIS: Manpower and Training Research Information System. Sample Report. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 109 Report 1993 Report on the State-of-the-Art in Computer Technology for the Generation of Virtual Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 110 Report 1993 IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center user guide for VR kit Virtual Reality Distributed Environments and Construction Kit (VR-DECK). User's Guide - Draft Version 0.5 none -1 -1 September 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 111 Report 1993 White House Technology Reinvestment Project This is the Technical and General Information Points Of Contact Lists as of April 14, 1993. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 112 Magazine Article TV guide. 1993 Wild palms (miniseries) -1 -1 Jan 2, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 113 Journal Article 1993 Display Devices Innovative technologies expand application ranges for electronic displays developments and applications - product reviews. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 114 Report 1993 HITL 927 General Accounting Office, US Government GAO/GGD-93-126 Intelletual Property Rights: U.S. Companies' Patent Experiences in Japan -1 -1 July 12 Report to the US Senate 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 115 Conference Proceedings 1993 Brody, F.; Morawetz, R.F. HITL 931 Austrian Society for Virtual Reality, Telepresence and Cyberspace Virtual Reality Vienna 1993 Contents: The Global VR-Focus in Europe -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 116 Conference Proceedings Bellevue, WA 1993 HITL 933 Contents: Virtual Reality Virtual Freedom -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 117 Conference Proceedings 1993 HITL 938 Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Third European Congress of Surgery S43-S49 Eurosurgery 93 Laparoscopic Precedures: Abstracts -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 118 Conference Proceedings 1993 HITL 1001 Simulated and Virtual Realities 434-440 Annual Meeting of the Applied Vision Association Abstracts of Papers -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 119 Magazine Article NASA Tech Briefs 1993 HITL978 2 20, 22 High-Tech Help for Low Vision 17 -1 -1 February 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 120 Magazine Article Technology Knowledge Activities 1993 HITL 1472 2 19-27 Virtual Reality: Here Today, Real Tomorrow 1 -1 -1 Fall 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 121 Generic Alexandria, VA 1993 HITL 1545 Crew System Ergonomics Information Analysis Center 1 Cseriac Gateway 4 -1 -1 newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 122 Generic Santa Monica, CA 1993 HITL 1551 HFES 8 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Bulletin 36 -1 -1 August newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 123 Conference Proceedings 1994 HITL 5 1994 HFES Proceedings World Wide Web page printout 1 VR Related Papers in 1994 HFES Proceedings -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 124 Conference Proceedings Santa Fe Institute 1994 HITL 57 International Conference on Auditory Display Abstracts -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 125 Generic Seattle, WA 1994 HITL 43 1-22 Human Interface Technology Laboratory Employee Handbook -1 -1 May 1994 Employee Handbook 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 126 Magazine Article America West Airlines Magazine 1994 HITL 19 38-39 Field of Vision -1 -1 June 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 127 Magazine Article The Red Herring 1994 HITL 22 12 1-88 Virtual Worlds Special Edition -1 -1 July 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 128 Generic 1994 HITL 71 316-350 Computer Industry Almanac: Forecasts and Sales Estimates -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 129 Newspaper Article The New York Times New York, NY 1994 HITL 131 B1, B6 In Virtual Reality, Tools for the Disabled -1 -1 April 13, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 130 Generic Newsletter of the Robotics Society of America San Francisco, CA 1994 HITL 129 RSA 1-9 Robots! -1 -1 June 1994 Newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 131 Conference Proceedings Nagoya University, Japan 1994 HITL 39 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication 1-20 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication - Final Program -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 132 Report 1994 HITL 258 Intelligent Systems Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology A Workshop on the Application of Virtual Reality to Manufacturing -1 -1 August 1994 Final Report 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 133 Journal Article 1994 HITL 257 NASA Tech Briefs 22-26 Special Focus: Computer Graphics and Simulation July 1994 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 134 Conference Proceedings Santa Fe, NM 1994 Kramer, G. HITL 246 Addison-Wesley Auditory Display: Sonification, Audification, and Auditory Interfaces Studies in the Science of Complexity Table of Contents, Resources and Annotated Bibliography -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 135 Magazine Article Information Week 1994 HITL. p. 36 It's Virtually Educational (interview with Bill Winn) -1 -1 Mar 28, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 136 Magazine Article Computer Graphics 1994 computer-graphics. digital-simulation. entertainment. leisure-industry. multimedia-systems. experience design. theme parks. entertainment. recreation experiences. fantasy. complex robots. multiple effects. imaginary worlds. simulator. theater. illusory experiences. designed attraction environment. standard film/video. computer graphic imagery. CGI effects. 2 145-146 Notes on experience design 28 Theme parks provide entertainment and recreation experiences that can only be imagined anywhere else. Over the years, they have branched into worlds of fantasy, incorporating rides and shows that with the use of complex robots, scenery and multiple effects plunge people into imaginary worlds, but often at tremendous cost. Recently, the simulator has permeated the theme park scene as a newer and sometimes more cost-effective answer to the demand for unique and exciting experiences. Although this is one answer, a park full of simulators, would tend to have a taint of sameness. The latest attraction doesn't have to be just a live show, just a ride or just a film. In fact, more often than not, it is a combination of many disparate elements. Selecting, isolating and combining several media, and incorporating them in unique ways in either a theater or a ride, can provide totally new and illusory experiences so that people are unaware that they are watching film or video. Total integration of media and so -1 -1 May 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 137 Magazine Article VR News 1994 3 14-15 Micro Vision Seeking $20 Million in Secon Stage Placing 3 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 138 Journal Article 1994 Cybernetics and Systems digital-simulation. ergonomics. graphical-user-interfaces. multimedia-systems. multimedia environments. simulation. design. production. engineering. graphics facilities. graphic interfaces. industrial processes. ergonomic perspective. user interface. nuclear plant. 1 63-71 Multimedia environments: designs for simulation 25 The importance of simulation in all fields is widely recognized due to the impact it has had on design, production, and engineering. Currently, computer technology offers rapid solutions and graphics facilities that contribute to the development and improvement of complex simulation programs and their user interfaces. This paper presents a methodology aimed at developing graphic interfaces for the simulation of industrial processes and with the possibility of extending the scope into the area of control. The first part summarizes the simulation process technique and the problem of the user interface design from an ergonomic perspective. The second part describes the design of the user interface. First, the kind of process to be simulated is identified. Focusing on the objects that are to be represented, these are named with their respective actions in the process and the interface. Finally, a prototype of process simulation of a nuclear plant is presented. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 139 Report 1994 NPSNET-PAS: Polyphonic audio spatializer for a virtual environment -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 140 Magazine Article Computer Graphics 1994 digital-simulation. virtual-reality. high performance image generators. real time. visual environment replication. pixels. antialiasing. fading. texture. price. simulation. virtual reality. 2 115-117 Survey of high performance image generators. RTG's staff rounds up the machines that make pictures in real time 28 Image generators are difficult to characterize, in part because they have many shortcomings with respect to the difficult problem of replicating the visual environments. With so many variations, picking the right image generator for a particular application is a tough job. It is not a question of picking the best device overall, but rather the one with the best fit. The author provides some general details of image generator products, including pixels/second, antialiasing, fading, texture and price. -1 -1 May 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 141 Journal Article 1994 Computer Graphics Forum data-visualisation. Monte-Carlo-methods. rendering-computer-graphics. theoretical framework. physically based rendering. global reflection distribution function. global illumination problem. Monte Carlo rendering algorithm. photorealistic images. 2 97-107 A theoretical framework for physically based rendering. 13 We introduce the concept of the global reflection distribution function which allows concise formulation of the global illumination problem. Unlike previous formulations it is not geared towards any specific algorithm. As an example of its versatility we derive a Monte Carlo rendering algorithm that seamlessly integrates the ideas of shooting and gathering power to create photorealistic images. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 142 Newspaper Article Post-Intelligencer Seattle, WA 1994 Singapore. Disneyland. Virtual reality hits big time -1 -1 Jan 21, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 143 Computer Program Redwood City, CA 1994 HITL 724 Division Inc. dVS 2.0.4x/2.0.6x Release Notes -1 -1 2.0.4x/2.0.6x 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 144 Generic Description: Province Stories on Biotechnology Industry 1994 HITL 260 1-13 Infoline Search Results -1 -1 February 17, 1994 Database Search 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 145 Generic 1994 HITL 864 Program in Media Arts and Sciences at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology -1 -1 Listing of Classes 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 146 Conference Proceedings Nottingham University, UK 1994 HITL 929 First UK VR-SIG Conference Contents: The UK Virtual Reality Special Interest Group -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 147 Generic Seattle, WA 1994 HITL 1000 Micro Vision, Inc. 1-6 The Observer -1 -1 December Newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 148 Generic 1994 HITL 1117 1-22 Vision Bibliography (Unedited) -1 -1 April 23 Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 149 Conference Proceedings 1994 Ottman, T.; Tomek, I. HITL 1238 Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia 1994 v-xiv World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 150 Conference Proceedings Santa Fe, NM 1994 HITL 1531 Santa Fe Institute International Conference on Auditory Display Abstracts (Addendum) -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 151 Conference Proceedings 1994 HITL 1492 HFES Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 152 Report 1994 HITL 1491 European Commission DGXIII-B - RA946043-WP ACTS: Advanced Communications Technologies and Services Workplan -Background Material- -1 -1 August 17 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 153 Generic SPIE's International Technical Working Group Newsletter 1995 HITL 53 1 1-12 Special Issue: Robotics for Biomedical Applications 4 -1 -1 April 1995 Newletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 154 Magazine Article Electronic Engineering Times 1995 HITL 116 8 3-D Graphics Star at SIGGRAPH '95 August 14, 1995 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 155 Generic Alexandria, VA 1995 HITL 100 The Crew System Ergonomics Information Analysis Center 5 1-16 CSERIAC Gateway 6 -1 -1 1 Newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 156 Journal Article 1995 HITL 70 Standard and Poor's C 75-C126 Industry Surveys -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 157 Report 1995 HITL 161 Stanford Resources, Inc. Flat Information Displays: Market & Technology Trends -1 -1 Multi-Client Report 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 158 Journal Article 1995 HITL 340 Technology Review 4 20-29 Headmounted Displays and Product Directory 4 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 159 Magazine Article Real Time Graphics 1995 HITL 293 2 15 Calendar of Events: SIGGRAPH '95 4 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 160 Generic New York, NY 1995 HITL 665 ACM 1-3 Table of Contents and Symposium Program: ACM SIGGRAPH "95 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 161 Book Section Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design New York, NY 1995 Barfield, W.; Furness, T.A. III HITL 663 Oxford University Press Table of Contents and Verso -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 162 Generic Colorado Springs, CO 1995 HITL 42 IPI Press 1 1-32 The International Journal of Virtual Reality 1 -1 -1 Winter 1995 Journal 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 163 Journal Article 1995 HITL 256 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 5 Table of Contents 15 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 164 Magazine Article Virtual Reality Special Report 1995 HITL 255 4 Table of Contents 2 -1 -1 September/October 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 165 Magazine Article Virtual Reality Special Report 1995 HITL 253 3 Table of Contents 2 -1 -1 July/August 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 166 Journal Article 1995 HITL 704 International Journal in Computer Simulation 2 Table of Contents 5 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 167 Generic 1995 HITL 278 Final, Approved Version of VRRV Press Release -1 -1 january 12, 1995 Press Release 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 168 Generic San Francisco, CA 1995 HITL 268 Miller Freeman Inc. 4 1-63 Virtual Reality Special Report 2 -1 -1 September/October 1995 Magazine 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 169 Computer Program Cupertino, CA 1995 HITL 760 Apple Computer Inc. Quick Time VR -1 -1 List of Member Services 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 170 Computer Program World Wide Web 1995 HITL 757 Warp Welcome to Warp's Info Page -1 -1 August 1995 Overview of Warp's Virtual TV Technology 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 171 Computer Program World Wide Web 1995 HITL 749 DIVE Laboratories Inc. Amber Price List -1 -1 Beta September 18, 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 172 Computer Program World Wide Web 1995 HITL 763 Superscape VR World Wide Web Demonstrations Demonstration of Superscape's VR Programs -1 -1 VR Worlds 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 173 Generic Creating Net Sites World Wide Web 1995 HITL 295 Netscape, Inc. An Exploration of Dynamic Document -1 -1 Printout of Web Page: Explaining Dynamic Document Capabilities of Netscape 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 174 Conference Proceedings Snowbird, Utah 1995 HITL 930 Contents: Lifelike Computer Characters '95 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 175 Magazine Article Parade 1995 HITL 1276 Navy's Virtual Advances are Army's Future -1 -1 March 26 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 176 Generic Santa Fe, NM 1995 HITL 99 1 1-20 The Bulletin of the Santa Fe Institute 11 -1 -1 Winter 1995-96 Bulletin 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 177 Generic Mountain View, CA 1995 HITL 1248 Computer Graphics Systems Development Corp. 2 and 2 Real Time Graphics 4 and 5 -1 -1 August Newsletters 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 178 Report 1996 HITL 72 Computer Industry Forecasts: Third Quarter 1996 -1 -1 Third Quarter 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 179 Generic 1996 HITL 250 INDE 455 Course Pack #1: Autumn Quarter 1996 -1 -1 Autumn 1996 Course Pack 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 180 Generic World Wide Web 1996 HITL 534 McCann-Erickson Research & Information Consultancy 8 1-6 MarketTrack #8: Virtual Reality, January 1996 -1 -1 January 4, 1996 Printout of Web Pages 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 181 Generic Seattle, WA 1996 HITL 688 UW 1-8 Library Directions/ A Newsletter of the University of Washington Libraries -1 -1 Winter 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 182 Conference Proceedings 1996 Mair, S.G. HITL 254 ACM SIGGRAPH '96 1 Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 183 Conference Proceedings 1996 Gobel, M. HITL 756 Springer Wien Virtual Environments '95 3rd Eurographics Workshop on Virtual Environments: Schedule -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 184 Conference Proceedings 1996 HITL 743 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting ix-xxv Table of Contents -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 185 Conference Proceedings 1996 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting 1290-1293 Abstracts -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 186 Computer Program Seattle, WA 1996 HITL 745 Progressive Networks, Inc. RealAudio -1 -1 2.0 Client-Server Software for Web Sound 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 187 Generic Multi-Operator Performance in Complex, Military Systems 1996 HITL 792 '96 HFES Colloquim (Formal Session) -1 -1 Schedule of Colloquim 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 188 Magazine Article Tele.com 1996 HITL 803 26 Beam Me Up -1 -1 December 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 189 Newspaper Article New York Post New York 1996 HITL 801 Disney Head Eyeballs Paperless Tomorrow -1 -1 October 15, 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 190 Conference Proceedings 1996 Sharkey, P.M. HITL 800 University of Reading ECDVRAT '96 Abstracts From Proceedings -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 191 Conference Proceedings Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan 1996 HITL 296 RO-MAN '96 Original Program 1-25 Final Program for RO-MAN '96 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 192 Report 1996 Sony Glasstron Product Advertisingin Japan -1 -1 commercial advertisements that ran in Japan 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 193 Report 1996 HITL 898 8 copies Sony Glasstron Product Advertising in Japan -1 -1 copies of commercial ads that ran in Japan 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 194 Conference Proceedings Nottingham. UK 1996 HITL 932 CVE '96 workshop Proceedings Contents: Collaborative Virtual Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 195 Generic San Francisco, CA 1996 HITL 1020 Robertson Stephens & Company 1-57 Portfolio Notes: Institutional Research -1 -1 February 22 Commercial research 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 196 Generic Santa Clara, CA 1996 HITL 1019 Phase II In Phase: Update From Phase II Technical Sales -1 -1 February Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 197 Generic Potomac, Maryland 1996 HITL 1281 Kerrigan Media Internat'l 1 Medical Simulation and Training Magazine 1 -1 -1 Summer Magazine 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 198 Generic New York 1996 HITL 1284 Time Inc. 1 Gates & Grove: Mr. Software and Mr. Hardware Brainstorm Computing's Future 134 -1 -1 July 8 Magazine 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 199 Generic East Carolina University 1996 HITL 1271 Virtual Reality and Education Lab 1-4, 1-3 VR in the Schools 1 and 2 -1 -1 Newsletter 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 200 Newspaper Article Eastside Journal Bellevue, WA 1997 HITL 888 A7 Virtual Reality Helps 'Miss Muffet' Vanquish Fear of Spiders -1 -1 February 24 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 201 Magazine Article R&D Magazine 1997 HITL 887 25 HITLab Using VR to Develop New AR Interfaces -1 -1 February 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 202 Conference Proceedings San Diego, CA 1997 HITL 1254 Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 5 Contains Abstracts Global Healthcare Grid: Transformation of Medicine Through Communication -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 203 Magazine Article Scientific American: Special Section 1997 HITL 1186 50-83 The Internet: Bringing Order from the Chaos -1 -1 March 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 204 Newspaper Article BusinessTech Online only - http://www.businesstech.com 1997 HITL 1547 Video Extreme: VRD (Virtual Retinal Display) - Hybrid High Tech Trader's Apprentice -1 -1 April 8, 1997 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 205 Generic 3Space World Wide Web 1995 HITL 1253 3Space 1 Head Tracking -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 206 Conference Proceedings 93, ICATVET 1993 Hyde, P.R.; Loftin, R.B. HITL 1315 Contributed Sessions NASA Technical Memorandum 1993 Conference on Intelligent Computer-Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology Intelligent Computer-Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 207 Generic Abarbanel, R. -1 HITL 1517 1-24 Distributed Object Management with Linda -1 -1 August 16 Journal Paper Format 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 208 Generic Abarbanel, R.M. 1991 HITL 1516 Component Programming via Linda -1 -1 September Presentation? 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 209 Report Abelson, H. 1989 HITL 1497 MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 1174 The Bifurcation Interpreter: A Step Towards the Automatic Analysis of Dynamical Systems -1 -1 September AI Memo 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 210 Book Section Abraham, R.; Shaw, C. Self-Organizing Systems New York, NY, USA 1987 Yates, E. Plenum Publishing Corporation 543-597 Dynamics: A Visual Introduction none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 211 Generic ACM New York 1994 HIT:L 1180 ACM SIGGRAPH 94: Program and Buyer's Guide -1 -1 July 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 212 Magazine Article Adair, N. Wired -1 HITL 25 3.11 Raster Eyes -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 213 Conference Proceedings Adam, E. C. Bellingham, WA 1992 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - High-Resolution Displays and Projection Systems Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. display-instrumentation. military-equipment.Identifiers: third generation cockpit. second generation cockpits. multifunction displays. HUD. weapons. sensors. interface. first generation cockpit. tactical cockpit. integrated helmet system. 58-65 Tactical Cockpits: The Coming Revolution A cockpit revolution is in the making. Many of the much ballyhooed, much promised, but little delivered technologies of the 70's and 80's will finally come of age in the 90's just in time to complement the data explosion coming from sensor and processing advances. Technologies such as helmet systems, large flat panel displays, speech recognition, color graphics, decision aiding and stereopsis, are simultaneously reaching technology maturities that promise big payoffs for the third generation cockpit and beyond. The first generation cockpit used round dials to help the pilot keep the airplane flying right side up. The second generation cockpits used multifunction displays and the HUD to interface the pilot with sensors and weapons. What might the third generation cockpit look like? How might it integrate many of these tec -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 214 -1 situation awareness -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 215 Conference Proceedings Adam, E. C. Bellingham, WA 1994 SPIE SPIE - Cockpit Displays 13-21 Head-Up Displays Versus Helmet-Mounted Displays: The Issues Head-up displays have been used worldwide for almost 30 years in over 10,000 aircraft. Helmet-mounted displays exist in less than 500 aircraft, most of which are helicopters. This paper examines some of the tradeoffs involved in the section of each type of display and their related performance comparisons. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 216 Journal Article Adam, J. A. 1994 IEEE Spectrum biomedical-electronics. data-communication-systems. patient-diagnosis. radio-networks. surgery. developments. medical electronics. wireless data communication networks. home care. 3D simulation. surgeons. robot. doctors. breast cancer diagnosis. 1 70-73 Medical electronics 31 The author describes developments in medical electronics during 1993. Subjects outlined include: wireless data communication networks for home care; 3D simulation aids for surgeons; robot doctors; and breast cancer diagnosis improvements. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 217 Conference Proceedings Adams, M. J.; Pew, R. W. New York, NY, USA 1990 IEEE IEEE/AIAA/NASA 9th Digital Avionics Systems Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. human-factors. man-machine-systems. psychology.Identifiers: man machine systems. commercial aircraft cockpit. cognitive theory. situational awareness. mental resources. effectiveness. timeliness. safety. automation. dynamics. human information-processing. 519-524 Situational Awareness in the Commercial Aircraft Cockpit: A Cognitive Perspective A cognitive theory is presented that has relevance for the definition and assessment of situational awareness in the cockpit. The theory asserts that maintenance of situation awareness is a constructive process that demands mental resources in competition with ongoing task performance. Implications of this perspective for assessing and improving situational awareness are discussed. It is concluded that the goal of inserting advanced technology into any system is that it results in an increase in the effectiveness, timeliness, and safety with which the system's activities can be accomplished. The inherent difficulties of the multitask situation are very often compounded by the introduction of automation. To maximize situational awareness, the dynamics and capabilities of such technologies must be designed with -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 218 -1 situation awareness -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 219 Magazine Article Adams, E. Workstation News 1991 8 Welcome to My (Virtual) World none -1 -1 August 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 220 Generic Adams, T.A. World Wide Web 1995 HITL 1240 Annotated Bibliography Reference to: Use of the Remote Access Virtual Environment Network (RAVEN) for Coordinated IVA-EVA Astronaut Training and Evaluation by Cater, J. and Huffman, S. -1 -1 February 24 Printout of Web page 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 221 Journal Article Adelman, Leonard 1991 IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics decision-support-systems/expert-systems/software-reliability 2 validity 293-301 Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Case Studies: A Review of Empirical Methods for Evaluating Decision Support Systems 21 Developers of decision support systems (DSS) often fail to present empirical data supporting the claimed merits of their systems. Discussions with developers indicate that they often do not consider or know how to perform the required empirical evaluations. That problem is addressed by reviewing the issues inherent in using experiments, quasi-experiments, andcase studies to evaluate DSSs. The discussion revolves around the issues of reliability and four types of validity: internal, construct, statistical conclusion, and external. The discussion is focused upon but not restricted to expert systems. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 222 Conference Proceedings Adelstein, B.; Johnston, E.; Ellis, S. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Telemanipulator Technology eye. visual-perception. visual perception. retinal images. three-dimensional visual space. eye position. occlusion. spectacles. headgear. environmental objects. defects. blind spot. reduced visibility. local adaptation. photopigment bleaching effects. 187-198 Spatial Sensor Lag in Virtual Environment Systems This paper describes a testbed and method for characterizing the dynamic response of the type of spatial displacement transducers commonly used in virtual environment (VE) applications. The testbed consists of a motorized rotary swing arm that impated on the observer such as the bony facial structures, spectacles or headgear, occlusion by environmental objects, defects of the visual field such as thenormal blind spot, areas of temporarily reduced visibility due to local adaptation and photopigment bleaching effects, and variables that alter the focus of environmental imagery on the retinas. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 223 Conference Proceedings Adelstein, B. D.; Johnston, E. R.; Ellis, S. R. New York, NY, USA 1992 ACM UIST '92. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology computer-peripheral-equipment. dynamic-response. human-factors. manipulators. sensors. user-interfaces. virtual-reality. dynamic response. virtual environment spatial sensors. spatial displacement transducers. virtual environment. motorized rotary swing arm. displacement inputs. VE sensor. volitional human movement. swing arm angle. VE sensor displacements. time stamp. response time. data transmission. interface. host computer. sensor time delay. input frequency. Ascension. Logitech. Polhemus 15-22 A Testbed for Characterizing Dynamic Response of Virtual Environment Spatial Sensors This paper describes a testbed and method for characterizing the dynamic response of the type of spatial displacement transducers commonly used in virtual environment (VE) applications. The testbed consists of a motorized rotary swing arm that imparts known displacement inputs to the VE sensor. The experimental method involves a series of tests in which the sensor is displaced back and forth at a number of controlled frequencies that span the bandwidth of volitional human movement. During the tests, actual swing arm angle and reported VE sensor displacements are collected and time stamped. Because of the time stamping technique, the response time of the sensor can be measured directly, independent of latencies in data transmission from the sensor unit and any processing by the interface application running on the host computer. Analysis of these experimental results allows sensor time delay and gain characteristics to be determined as a function of input frequency. Results from tests of several diff -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 224 -1 spatial sensors -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 225 Report Adie, C. 1993 Great Britian: Edinburgh University World Wide Web. OBR(93)015 Network access to multimedia information Summarizes the requirements of research and academic network users for network access to multimedia information. -1 -1 July 26, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 226 Report Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce Technology 1997 HITL 1224 U.S. Department of Commerce Technology Administration Strengthening the Comerce Department's Advanced Technology Program: An Action Plan -1 -1 July 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 227 Journal Article Agha, G.; Callsen, C. 1993 SIGPLAN Notices 7 pp. 23-32 ActorSpaces: An Open Distributed Programming Paradigm 28 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 228 Journal Article Agrawal, B. N. 1993 Naval Engineers Journal 133-142 High latitude communications satellite Paper presents a preliminary design of a high latitude communications satellite. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 229 Conference Proceedings Ahlers, R.; Lu, J. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Optics, Illumination, and Image Sensing for Machine Vision IV Subject: computer-vision. computerised-instrumentation. image-sensors. inspection. manufacturing-industries.Identifiers: machine vision. stereoscopic vision. manufacturing industry. inspection. measurement. assembly. 3-D. three dimensional vision. industry. active-vision. passive-vision. 298-308 Stereoscopic Vision - An Application Oriented Overview Abstract: Machine vision and its application in the manufacturing industry and other field has become one of the most exciting activities in computer vision. Many vision systems have been developed for the tasks of inspection, measurement and assembly. Some of them which are able to solve the problems with 1-D, 2-D or simple 3-D informations have already been applied in the production procedures. The vision systems, which are capable for the tasks where general and complicated 3-D problems are to be solved without loss of flexibility and efficiency, are drawing more and more attention from the field of development and application. The authors focus on the main principles and techniques used by three dimensional vision systems for the inspection, measurement and assembly procedures in industry. They are organized into -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 230 -1 depth cues -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 231 Newspaper Article Ahmad-Taylor, T. The New York Times New York, NY 1995 HITL 24 C5 A Short Cut Into Virtual Reality -1 -1 October 23, 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 232 Journal Article Ahn, W.-K.; Brewer, W.F.; Mooney, R.J. 1992 HITL 622 Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2 391-412 Schema Acquisition From a Single Example 18 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 233 Conference Proceedings Ahrens, J. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 1 Cyberspace and the Cartesian Conception of Nature none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 234 Journal Article Airey, J. M.; Rohlf, J. H.; Brooks, F. P. 1990 Computer Graphics computer-graphics. computerised-picture-processing. image level linear interpolation. image realism. interactive update rates. complex virtual building environments. interactivity. high image quality. virtual building simulation. hidden-surface problem. radiosity lighting model. adaptive refinement. coarse model. polygons. 2 pp. 41-50 Towards Image Realism with Interactive Update Rates in Complex Virtual Building Environments. 24 Originally Published in 1990 Symposium on Interactive Graphicsadaptive refinement; rendering methods; image realism -generalAbstract: Two strategies, pre-computation before display and adaptive refinement during display, are used to combine interactivity with high image quality in a virtual building simulation. Pre-computation is used in two ways. The hidden-surface problem is partially solved by automatically pre-computing potentially visible sets of the model for sets of related viewpoints. Rendering only the potentially visible subset associated with the current viewpoint, rather than the entire model, produces significant speedups on real building models. Solutions for the radiosity lighting model are precomputed for up to twenty different sets of lights. Linear combinations of these solutions can be manipulated in real time. The authors use adaptive refinement to trade image realism for interactivity as the situation requires. When the user is stationary they replace a coarse model using few po -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 235 Conference Proceedings Aitken, G.; Jones, P. Bellingham, WA, USA 1990 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Snesing and Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Objects and Scenes computerised-picture-processing. digital-simulation. CCD array. volume imaging. 3-D image. 3-D point spread function. computer simulation. 2-9 Three-Dimensional Image Capture by Volume Imaging Three-dimensional incoherently illuminated scenes can be captured electronically by measuring the intensity distribution in a volume behind the lens. The 3-D image is reconstructed by an inversion algorithm employing the measured, space-variant, 3-D point spread function of the lens. A computer simulation using a measured PSF illustrates the effectiveness of the technique. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 236 Report Aizu, I. -1 HITL 1366 Center for Global Communications, International University of Japan #GLOCOM-11 Change in the Japanese Corporate Networking - Towards the Hypernetwork Society -1 -1 Working Paper 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 237 Journal Article Akamatsu, M.; Sato, S.; Mackenzie, S. 1994 Presence 1 73-80 Multimodal Mouse: A Mouse-Type Device with Tactile and Force Display 3 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 238 Journal Article Akimoto, T.; Suenaga, Y.; Wallace, R. S. 1993 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications face-recognition. feature-extraction. image-coding. visual-communication. model-based encoding. 3D facial models. human facial features. narrowband visual communication. 3D human model. body motion. facial expressions. compact codes. lifelike human images. feature extraction. generic head model. 5 16-22 Automatic creation of 3D facial models 13 Model-based encoding of human facial features for narrowband visual communication is described. Based on an already prepared 3D human model, this coding method detects and understands a person's body motion and facial expressions. It expresses the essential information as compact codes and transmits it. At the receiving end, this code becomes the basis for modifying the 3D model of the person and thereby generating lifelike human images. The feature extraction used by the system to acquire data for regions or edges that express the eyes, nose, mouth, and outlines of the face and hair is discussed. The way in which the system creates a 3D model of the person by using the features extracted in the first part to modify a generic head model is also discussed. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 239 Report Alberta, The University of; Alias Research, Inc. 1991 HITL 589 The Banff Centre for the Arts Art and Virtual Environments -1 -1 February 19, 1991 Project 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 240 Magazine Article Alexander, R.E. The Health Physics Society's Newsletter 1988 HITL 1120 2 1, 3-4 Piercing the Armor of Overkill 16 -1 -1 February 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 241 Conference Proceedings Alexander, J.; Bechis, D.; Winarsky, N. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Techniques CAD. computer-graphics. electron-optics. engineering-computing. physics-computing. computer graphics. CAD. industrial design. electron optics. resolution. brightness. contrast. color purity. electron gun. magnetic deflection system. visualization tools. constrained optimization. visual searcher. design database. 261-269 Visualization Tools For Industrial Design Problems Applied to Electron Optics The design of electron optic devices involves the generation of very large volumes of data, from both simulation and experimentation. The goal of the design process is to simultaneously optimize performance parameters such as resolution, brightness, contrast and color purity, subject to manufacturing constraints, while varying the geometry of operating conditions of the electron gun or magnetic deflection system. The authors describe in detail the nature of the interactive graphics tools they have developed. After a brief overview of the optical design process, they sketch the details of the engineering database, which contains the simulation and experimentation results. 'General use' visualization tools which can be applied to many engineering fields to manipulate arrays of data are presented. Paradigms for using these tools to perform constrained optimization are described. A prototype visual searcher for the design-space, i.e. a tool that allows designers to visually search through the design da -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 242 Journal Article Alfano, P.L.; Michel, G.E. 1990 HITL 356 Perceptual and Motor Skills 35-45 Restricting the Field of View: Perceptual and Performance Effects 70 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 243 Journal Article Algvere, P.V.; Torstensson, P-A. L.; Tengroth, B.M. 1993 HITL 975 Investigative Opthamology and Visual Science 2 349-354 Light Transmittance of Ocular Medium in Living Rabbit Eyes 34 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 244 Generic Allaire World Wide Web 1996 HITL 1432 Allaire Cold Fusion Version 1.5 -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 245 Report Allen, D. L.; Ebeling, H. W.; Scott, L. W. -1 Perspectives on the Convergence of Communications, Information, Retailing, and Entertainment: Speeding Toward the Interactive Multimedia Age -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 246 Book Section Allen, E.W. Essentials of Opthalmic Optics Bristol, UK -1 HITL 1072 Oxford University Press v-xi, 1-69 Chapters 1-13 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 247 Conference Proceedings Allen, R.G. 1979 HITL 1112 Non-Ionizing Radiation 161-168 ACGIH Topical Symposium Retinal Thermal Injury -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 248 Journal Article Allen, G. L.; Kirasic, K. C. 1985 Memory and Cognition Subject Major: COGNITIVE-MAPS. DISTANCE-PERCEPTION. SPATIAL-PERCEPTION.Subject Minor: ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: route segmentation, proximity judgments & macrospatial distance estimation, college students. 3 218-227 Effects of the Cognitive Organization of Route Knowledge on Judgements of Macrospatial Distance 13 Abstract: Examined the effects of route segmentation in 3 experiments using 110 undergraduates as Ss. 50 Ss in Exp I divided an actual route into segments. 40 Ss in Exp II performed corresponding proximity-judgment and distance-estimation tasks involving locations selected on the basis of the route segments identified in Exp I. 20 Ss in Exp III performed a simple undirectional distance-estimation task. Results from these experiments indicate that Ss can readily divide a route into segments and that these segments significantly bias judgments of macrospatial distance. These findings suggest a similarity between route segmentation in macrospatial cognition and categorization in other cognitive-task domains. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 249 Conference Proceedings Allen, J. A.; Hays, R. T.; Buffardi, L. C. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1986 Human Factors Society Human Factors Society 30th Annual Meeting Subject Major: INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES. SIMULATION. TRANSFER-LEARNING. HUMAN-FACTORS-ENGINEERING.Subject Minor: ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: individual differences & training simulator physical vs functional fidelity, training transfer, college students, implications for simulator design. 497-509 Maintenance Training Simulator Fidelity and Individual Differences in Transfer of Training Abstract: Investigated the relationship between simulator fidelity and training effectiveness. 100 undergraduates performed an electromechanical trouble-shooting task. Two aspects of simulator fidelity were manipulated--the degree to which a training simulator "looked like" actual equipment (physical fidelity), and the extent to which it "acted like" real equipment (functional fidelity). A transfer of training design was used to assess learning. Results indicate that physical and functional fidelity were interdependent and that temporal measures were most sensitive to fidelity manipulations. Low functional fidelity was associated with longer problem solution and interresponse times. Ss with high analytic abilities took longer to solve problems but required fewer troubleshooting tests and made fewer incorrect -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 250 Conference Proceedings Allen, D. M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: aerospace-test-facilities. aircraft. automatic-test-equipment. human-factors. user-interfaces. visual-perception.Identifiers: text based display. symbol based display. human factors. visual perception. aircraft test facilities. aircraft. real time. fault diagnostic systems. visual display styles. display formats. picture-based display. 61-65 Investigation of Display Issues Relevant to the Presentation of Aircraft Fault Information Abstract: This research, performed as a part of NASA Langley's Faultfinder project, investigated display implementation issues related to the introduction of real time fault diagnostic systems into next generation commercial aircraft. Three major issues were investigated: visual display styles for presenting fault related information to the crew, the form the output from the expert system should take, and methods for filtering fault related information for presentation to the crew. Twenty-four flight familiar male volunteers participated as subjects. The results of the study indicated that in the simpler experimental tests cases subjects' performance did not differ across the different display formats. However, for the more complex cases subjects' performance was superior in the text- and picture-based d -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 251 -1 information display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 252 Conference Proceedings Allen, P.; Yoshimi, B.; Timcenko, A. Bellingham, WA, USA 1990 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Sensor Fusion III: 3-D Perception and Recognition 176-188 Hand-Eye Coordination for Grasping Objects none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 253 Journal Article Allen, B.L. 1991 HITL 811 Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 3-37 Cognitive Research in Information Science: Implications for Design 26 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 254 Report Allen, P.J. 1992 HITL 768 FIND/SVP AA 323 (Product Code) Emerging Markets in Virtual Reality. Table of Contents -1 -1 February 1992 Market Intelligence Report 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 255 Conference Proceedings Allerton, D. J. London, UK 1992 IEEE IEE Colloquium on 'Computer Graphics Systems' application-specific-integrated-circuits. reduced-instruction- set-computing. satellite-computers. graphics engine. real-time image generation. ASIC. RISC processor. fixed-point instruction set. geometric operations. image generation. architecture. 3/1-8 A fixed-point RISC graphics engine Looks at the use of special-purpose processors, customised for the specific computational problems of real-time image generation. With recent advances in ASIC technologies, this option is now viable. It is possible to design reduced instruction set computers (RISCs), using semi-custom VLSI design styles, which enable processors to be optimised for specific applications. A major and complex part of processor design is the design of the arithmetic logic unit and this phase of processor design can be simplified by omitting floating-point arithmetic operations. The author describes the development of a RISC processor which uses a fixed-point instruction set which has been optimised to compute the geometric operations required for image generation. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 256 Conference Proceedings Allotta, B.; Bergamasco, M. Nagoya University Japan 1994 HITL359 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Robor and Human Communication: Ro-Man '94 Nagoya 246-250 The Range of Wrenches that can be Statically Exerted by a Force Replication Device -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 257 Conference Proceedings Alluisi, E.A. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1990 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting training with VR 1405-1406 Network and Virtual-World Technologies for Training: A Panel Presentation and Discussion none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 258 Journal Article Alper, J. 1993 Science medical - medicine p. 556 Echo-Planar MRI: Learning to Read Minds 261 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 259 Journal Article Alper, J. 1993 Science medical - medicine p. 555 OCT: images of coherence 261 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 260 Journal Article Alper, J. 1995 Science medical - medicine p. 559 EEG + MRI: a sum greater than its parts 261 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 261 Journal Article Alpern, B.; Carte, L.; Selker, T. -1 A framework for visualizing computer architecture This paper is a case study in the application of visual language technique to a limited problem domain. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 262 Journal Article Alpers, J. 1993 Science medical - medicine p. 560 Transillumination: looking right through you 261 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 263 Personal Communication Alter, W. 1991 HITL 291 Medical Applications of VR -1 -1 March 24, 1991 Newsgroup Replies 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 264 Journal Article Altrichter, W. W. 1992 IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. military-systems. navigation.Identifiers: geodetic coordinates. aircraft navigation. data registration. Joint Tactical Information Distribution System. error analysis. target registration. target hand-off. relative grid coordinates. situation awareness. target acquisition. weapon delivery. relative navigation. onboard dead reckoning systems. 42-50 JTIDS Relative Navigation and Data Registration Abstract: The author presents the fundamental relationships of JTIDS (Joint Tactical Information Distribution System) navigation and the error analysis for target registration and target hand-off in both geodetic and relative grid coordinates. Simulation results are provided for two scenarios which demonstrate the level of improvement that JTIDS navigation can have on situation awareness, target acquisition, and weapon delivery. Specifically, it is shown that accurate data registration can be achieved by as few as two JTIDS members, with or without accurate knowledge of geodetic position. The results clearly show that JTIDS relative navigation can provide excellent target registration and target hand-off performance. Furthermore, this can be achieved autonomously by as few as two flight members, relying only on their -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 265 -1 Based on Presentation at PLANS 1992situation awareness -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 266 Conference Proceedings Amburn, P.; Grant, E.; Whitted, T. New York, NY, USA 1986 ACM SIGGRAPH '86 Conference Proceedings 189-195 Managing Geometric Complexity with Enhanced Procedural Models none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 267 Conference Proceedings Amira, L Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III Subject: eye. physiological-models. stereo-image-processing. visual-perception.Identifiers: binocular vision. 3D. rivalry. dichoptic stimulus. stereopsis. 3D perception. variable eye dominance. differential luminance. depth cues 491-503 Modeling Binocular Vision: Loss of 3D in the Presence of Rivalry Requires a New Approach Abstract: In a dichoptic stimulus, where one feature in one eye could participate in both rivalry and stereopsis with features in the other eye, 3D perception was lost intermittently. The periods of loss of 3D percept were positively correlated with the periods of rivalrous suppression, and the degree of difference in rivalrous suppression between the eyes, due to variable eye dominance, was positively correlated with the degree of loss of 3D percept. It is suggested that because differential luminance between the eyes affects their dominance in rivalry, stereopsis in the presence of rivalry is similarly affected. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 268 Report Analysis, Institute for Defense -1 HITL 1200 Institute for Defense Analysis Haptics and Trackers -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 269 Journal Article Andersen, G. J.; Braunstein, M. L. 1985 Journal of Experimental Psychology Subject Major: MOTION-PERCEPTION. VISUAL-FIELD. SELF-PERCEPTION.Subject Minor: ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: stimulation of central visual field with radically expanding dot program, perceived self motion, college students. 2 122-132 Induced Self-Motion in Central Vision 11 Abstract: Previous research on visually induced self-motion found that stimulation of the central visual field (up to 30Deg. in diameter) results in perceived object motion, while self-motion requires peripheral stimulation. The present study examined the importance of area of stimulation in the central field using a radially expanding dot pattern simulating a 3-dimensional structure translating along the line of sight. In Exp I, with 48 undergraduates, perceived self-motion was induced with this radially expanding pattern, with visual angles of 7.5Deg., 10.6Deg., 15Deg., and 21.2Deg.. Speed and texture density were also varied. The duration of reported self-motion (a) decreased with increased speed, (b) failed to increase with increased visual angle, and (c) decreased with visual angle at the highest speed level. In -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 270 -1 illusionary self motion -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 271 Journal Article Anderson, L. -1 pp. 45-47 Small Robot Arm in the Workplace to Aid in the Employment of Severely Physically Disabled Persons none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 272 Report Anderson, T. -1 Virtual Realities: Industry and Culture A Guide to the Literature none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 273 Conference Proceedings Anderson, H.; Berton, J.; Dean, B. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies computer-graphics. computerised-instrumentation. computerised-picture-processing. distributed-processing. local-area-networks. natural-sciences-computing. scientific visualisation. LAN. distributed visualization. graphical simulations. local area network. supercomputers. graphical network of visual devices. full-color frame buffers. digital video recorders. transparent network tools. 118-126 Environment for Distributed Visualization The author describes an environment for distributed visualization. Distributed visualization is a twofold concept. It encompasses spreading the computational load of graphical simulations over a local area network and distributing access to graphical information directly to the desktops of those needing it. At The Ohio Supercomputer Center, a typical user work area not only has network access to other computing resources such as supercomputers, but he also has access to a graphical network of visual devices. Scarce resources such as full-color frame buffers and digital video recorders are allocated and accessed using transparent network tools. This system is described in detail, including philosophy of design and equipment utilization. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 274 Magazine Article Anderson, J. Harvard Business Review 1989 Blind -- Employment. Communication-devices-for-the-disabled -- Innovations. pp. 36-39 How Technology Brings Blind People into the Workplace -1 -1 March-April 1989 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 275 Conference Proceedings Anderson, N. S. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting behavioural-sciences. human-factors. social-sciences social sciences. human factors research. meta-analysis. behavioral sciences. 594-596 Methods for Combining Human Factors Research Results Meta-Analysis Meta-analysis has been used frequently for combining research results across a series of studies. A brief review of those content areas of the social and behavioral sciences using meta-analysis is presented and reasons are suggested why these techniques are not presently used by human factors specialists. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 276 Conference Proceedings Anderson, J. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 2-3 Ancient Landmarks in Cyberspace none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 277 Book Section Anderson, T. The Virtual Reality Casebook New York, NY 1994 Loeffler, C.E.; Anderson, T. HITL 699 Van Nostrand Reinhold 253-265 A Guide to the Literature -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 278 Book Section Anderson, T. The Virtual Reality Casebook New York, NY 1994 Loeffler, C.E.; Anderson, T. HITL 764 Van Nostrand Reinhold 111, 287-288 Part of Bibliography -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 279 Magazine Article Anderson, P.I. Advanced Imaging 1995 HITL 275 48, 50, 95 From Telepresence to True Immersive Imaging: Into Real-Life Video-Now! -1 -1 July 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 280 Report Andersson, J. 1991 HITL R-91-4 The Design and Implementation of LPmud Implications for VR Technology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 281 Report Andersson, J. 1992 HITL remote inclusive interface. multi interfaced virtual environment. R-92-7 MIVE: Multi Interfaced Virtual Environments This work does not describe a working commercial product. It is a prototype product developed in a prototype environment to show that some concepts are actually feasible and how they can be realised. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 282 Journal Article Andre, A. D.; Wickens, C. D.; Moorman, L.; Boschelli, M. M. 1991 The International Journal of Aviation Psychology Subject Major: FLIGHT-INSTRUMENTATION. AIRCRAFT. FLIGHT-SIMULATION. VISUAL-DISPLAYS. AWARENESS.Subject Minor: AIRCRAFT-PILOTS. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: flight instrumentation design & display type & visual momentum & frame of reference, situation awareness in cockpit, flight naive simulation participants. 3 situation awareness pp. 204-218 Display Formatting Techniques for Improving Situation Awareness in the Aircraft Cockpit 1 Abstract: Discussed and applied 3 current display design issues to the design and modification of primary flight and navigation instruments in the context of a situation awareness (SA) assessment: (1) display perspective (DP), (2) frame of reference, and (3) visual momentum. 11 flight-naive Ss flew each display, with and without color coding to approach several waypoints located in 3-dimensional space. SA, as meaured by flight performance and recovery from disorientation events, was best maintained with the planar outside-in display, whereas color coding improved performance on the planar inside-out display. Limitations of the DP were suggested by its ambiguity of distance judgments, although this display supported a strategy of more simultaneous control in both pitch and roll axes. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 283 Conference Proceedings Andre, A. D.; Heers, S. T.; McCann, R. S.; Cashion, P. A. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1993 Human Factors and Egronomics Society Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting workload in VR 132-136 Preview and Practice: Effects on Scheduling Behavior in a Simulated Flight Task none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 284 Generic Andreessen, M. 1993 HITL 820 1-5 Getting Started with NCSA Mosiac -1 -1 May 8 Software Documentation 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 285 Conference Proceedings Andresen, H. 1995 HITL 504 IDG Conferences and Seminars Virtual Reality World '95 153-157 DIGIHOM - The Digital Man -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 286 Journal Article Andrew, I.; Ellis, S. 1994 AI Expert artificial-intelligence. user-interfaces. virtual-reality. virtual worlds. virtual reality development systems. three-dimensional worlds. simulated environments. dynamic attributes. artificial intelligence. Intelligent virtual worlds. behavioral control. object control language. virtual world types. 5 15-17 Bringing virtual worlds to life 9 Many virtual reality (VR) development systems let users create three-dimensional (3D) worlds and color, alter, and then explore them. At this stage, the virtual world itself is static and the environment is lifeless; no moving objects and no scope for interactivity exist other than moving the user's viewpoint. However, many applications demand more from the virtual world, and an advanced VR development system can bring life to these simulated environments. Thus, objects within a virtual environment can be assigned dynamic attributes and even artificial intelligence. Their characteristics and reactions to various stimuli will mirror movements and activity in the real world. Intelligent virtual worlds are vibrant, dynamic, and alive. The authors discuss virtual world types, behavioral control and an object control language. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 287 Newspaper Article Andrews, P. Seattle Times Seattle, WA 1990 Look for new vistas in PC voice input to explode into view -1 -1 Oct 30, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 288 Newspaper Article Andrews, P. The Seattle Times Seattle, WA, USA 1992 F2 Comdex Show Offers 'Virtually' Everything none -1 -1 November 17, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 289 Newspaper Article Andrews, P. Seattle Times/Post Intelligencer Seattle, WA 1995 HITL 14 C1, C3 Real-Time Meeting of the Minds: Dramatic Videoconference Demonstrates the PC's Daring New Impact on Global Culture -1 -1 October 8, 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 290 Magazine Article Angier, N. Discover 1990 Drug-delivery-systems -- Research. Blood-brain-barrier -- Research. Brain -- Drug-therapy. pp. 67-72 Storming the Wall -1 -1 May 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 291 Report ANSI 1979 HITL 732 ANSI, Optical Society of America Z80.5-1979 American National Standard Requirements for Dress Opthalmic Frames -1 -1 August 9, 1979 Standards 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 292 Generic ANSI Orlando, FL 1993 HITL 928 The Laser Institute of America American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers -1 -1 February Standard 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 293 Magazine Article Antonoff, M. Popular Science 1993 HITL 1177 83-86, 124-125 Living in a Virtual World -1 -1 June 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 294 Journal Article Aoki, S.; Koizumi, N.; Cohen, M. 1993 HITl 365 Written in Japanese A Measuring Method of HRFTs for Virtual Teleconferencing Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 295 Journal Article Aoki, S.; Cohen, M; Koizumi, N. 1994 Presence 1 60-72 Design and Control of Shared Conferencing Environments for Audio Telecommunication Using Individually Measured HRTF's 30 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 296 Journal Article Apostolos, M. K.; Zak, H.; Das, H.; Schenker, P. 1992 SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Sensor Fusion V Subject: aerospace-simulation. artificial-satellites. feedback. robots. sensor-fusion. telecontrol.Identifiers: multisensory feedback. operator performance. force feedback. vision feedback. advanced teleoperations. auditory cues. simulated Solar Maximum Satellite Repair. unbolting. electrical connector screw. amplified microphonic task presentation. robot workspace. sound feedback. task completion time. 10 98-105 Multisensory Feedback in Advanced Teleoperations: Benefits of Auditory Cues 31 Abstract: The authors an experiment that demonstrated the value of auditory cues in teleoperation as part of a simulated Solar Maximum Satellite Repair (SMSR). The experiment was designed to examine a specific teleoperation task of unbolting an electrical connector screw based on the apparent significance of auditory signals. In addition to the visual cues available from a pair of stereoscopic cameras and contact force feedback cues from the operator's manual hand controller, the operator is given an amplified microphonic task presentation. In general, sounds within the robot workspace are not heard in the operator control room. Six subjects participated in the experiment which examined the performance benefits of vision, force, and sound feedback. The data infers that audio cues can make a significant difference -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 297 -1 auditory localization -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 298 Report Appino, P.A.; Lewis, J.B.; Koved, L.; Ling, D.T.; Rabenhorst, D.A.; Codella, C.F. 1991 HITL 218 IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center Draft Copy for Review from Nat Durlach RC-16446 (#73023) An Architecture for Virtual Worlds -1 -1 January 10, 1991 Research 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 299 Conference Proceedings Applewhite, H. 1991 Meckler Beyond the Vision 1-8 Position Tracking in Virtual Reality This article addresses position tracking in VR. It is an introduction, and focuses on basic positioning issues and technologies. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 300 Journal Article Applewhite, H. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems 1 pp. 26-30 Acoustic Positioning Systems 1 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 301 Journal Article Arabak, C. J.; Derenski, P. A.; Walrath, L. C. 1993 Aerospace America pp. 38-41 Simulation Considers the Human Factors -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 302 Magazine Article Aragon, L. PC Week 1993 HITL 104 A/1-A/11 Money Games -1 -1 July 26, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 303 Journal Article Arditi, A.; Anderson, P.; Movshon, J. 1981 Vision Research Subject Major: BRIGHTNESS-PERCEPTION. SPATIAL-FREQUENCY. DICHOPTIC-STIMULATION. MONOCULAR-VISION.Identifiers: grating drift rate & spatial frequency, contrast sensitivity to drifting gratings presented to one vs both eyes, Ss. 3 pp. 329-336 Monocular and Binocular Detection of Moving Sinusoidal Gratings 21 Abstract: Compared each of the authors' contrast sensitivities for monocularly presented drifting gratings with their sensitivities to various pair-combinations of these gratings. If the 2 gratings were presented 1 to each eye, were of low spatial frequency, and moved in the same direction, contrast sensitivity was nearly twice the monocular value; if the gratings moved in opposite directions, there was little or no sensitivity difference between the monocular and dichoptic conditions. As spatial frequency increased, the difference between the same- and opposite-directions became less marked, and both pair-combinations were about 1.4 times as detectable as their monocular components. A monocular combination of gratings drifting in opposite directions gave results much like the dichoptic opposite-direction combination a -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 304 -1 depth cues -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 305 Conference Proceedings Arditi, A. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies eye. visual-perception. visual perception. retinal images. three-dimensional visual space. eye position. occlusion. spectacles. headgear. environmental objects. defects. blind spot. reduced visibility. local adaptation. photopigment bleaching effects. 242-245 Alternative Representations of Visual Space The author discusses a method for delineating and testing hypotheses about the relationship between the retinal images and the three-dimensional visual space they serve, under the conditions of changing eye position, occlusion by structures that are part of or are mounrver such as the bony facial structures, spectacles or headgear, occlusion by environmental objects, defects of the visual field such as thenormal blind spot, areas of temporarily reduced visibility due to local adaptation and photopigment bleaching effects, and variables that alter the focus of environmental imagery on the retinas. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 306 Conference Proceedings Arend, U. Amsterdam, FRG 1991 Tauber, M. J.; ÊAckermann, D. North-Holland Mental Models and Human-Computer Interaction 2 workload in VR 115-133 Analysing Complex Tasks With an Extended GOMS Model none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 307 Conference Proceedings Aretz, A. J Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: aircraft. human-factors. man-machine-systems.Identifiers: aircraft. human factors. man machine systems. cognitive model. pilot flight navigation. mental alignment. perceptual encoding. navigational landmarks. mental rotation. reference frame. spatial cognition. 8-12 Spatial Cognition and Navigation Abstract: Describes an experiment that provides data for the development of a cognitive model of pilot flight navigation. The experiment characterizes navigational awareness as the mental alignment of two frames of reference: (1) the ego centered reference frame that is established by the forward view out of the cockpit, and (2) the world centered reference frame that is established by the aircraft's location on a map. The data support a model involving at least two components: (1) the perceptual encoding of the navigational landmarks, and (2) the mental rotation of the map's world reference frame into alignment with the ego centered reference frame. The quantitative relationships of these two factors are provided as possible inputs for a computational model of spatial cognition during flight navigation. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 308 -1 navigation and wayfinding -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 309 Journal Article Aretz, A. J. 1991 The Journal of the Human Factors Society Subject Major: GRAPHICAL-DISPLAYS. TOPOGRAPHY. STIMULUS-PARAMETERS. COGNITIVE-MAPS. LEARNING.Subject Minor: AIRCRAFT-PILOTS. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: north up vs track up alignment in design of electronic map display, acquisition of cognitive map, male pilots. 1 pp. 85-101 The Design of Electronic Map Displays 33 Abstract: An experiment with 18 male pilots compared a map display that employs the principle of visual momentum with the 2 traditional approaches, track-up and north-up. Data show that the advantage of a track-up alignment was its congruence with the ego-centered forward view; however, the inconsistency of the rotating display hindered development of a cognitive map. The stability of a north-up alignment aided the acquisition of a cognitive map, but there was a cost associated with the mental rotation of the display to a track-up alignment for tasks involving the ego-centered forward view. The visual momentum design captured the benefits and reduced the costs associated with the traditional approaches. Results support the conceptualization of navigational awareness as a cognitive coupling between the perceptual view -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 310 -1 navigation and wayfinding -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 311 Conference Proceedings Aretz, A. J. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1992 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting Subject: brain-models. human-factors. microcomputer-applications. psychology. vision.Identifiers: EGA monitor. PC/AT microcomputer. cerebral hemispheres. perceptual skill. visual field. spatial stimuli. extended practice Sternberg task. left visual field. LVF. right visual field. RVF. simple verbal stimuli. feature detection expertise. cerebral dominance. biological constraints. human information processing models. 1373-1377 Perceptual Skill and the Cerebral Hemispheres Abstract: The purpose of the experiment was to determine if there is a relationship between the development of a perceptual skill and the visual field of presentation for verbal and spatial stimuli. Subjects performed an extended practice Sternberg task in which targets were presented in either the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF) using a PC/AT microcomputer. Both verbal (letters) and spatial (3*3 grid patterns) stimuli were used. The results indicated that visual field was not a significant factor for simple verbal stimuli. However, there was an initial LVF, or right hemisphere (RH), advantage for spatial stimuli that switched to a RVF, or left hemisphere (LH), advantage after a skill develops. These data support an analytic role for the LH, which may be the focus for feature detection expe -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 312 -1 target acquisition -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 313 Book Section Argyle, M. Bodily Communication New York, NY 1988 HITL 781 Methuen & Co. Ltd. 119-138 Facial Expression -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 314 Book Section Argyle, M. Bodily Communication New York, NY 1988 HITL 780 Methuen Co. Ltd. 168-187 Spatial Behavior -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 315 Book Section Argyle, M. Bodily Communication New York, NY 1988 HITL 779 Metuen Co. Ltd. 153-167 Gaze -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 316 Book Section Argyle, M. Bodily Communication New York, NY 1988 HITL 777 Methuen Co. Ltd. 188-202 Gestures and Other Bodily Movements -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 317 Book Section Argyle, M. Bodily Communication New York, NY 1988 HITL 776 Methuen Co. Ltd. 201-213 Posture -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 318 Conference Proceedings Ariyaeeinia, A. M. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Distortions in Stereoscopic Displays Subject: display-instrumentation. optical-dispersion. television-equipment. visual-perception.Identifiers: vertical parallaxes. 3D. stereoscopic displays. magnification. vertical disparity. horizontal parallaxes. TV cameras. stereoscopic television systems. rotation angle. 2-9 Distortions in Stereoscopic Displays Abstract: An investigation into two major potential sources of distortion in stereoscopic displays, namely magnification and vertical disparity is presented. It is shown that there exist vertical as well as horizontal parallaxes in a 3D image generated by a pair of TV cameras which are spatially rotated and spaced apart. This could well limit the potential usefulness of stereoscopic television systems, as it unfavourably affects the observer's ability to fuse the corresponding left and right images. An expression for disparity in the y-direction is derived which shows its direct relation to the rotation angle of the TV cameras from the parallel position. Display distortion due to the difference between the depth magnification and the magnification of the xy-plane is also examined. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 319 -1 navigation and wayfinding -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 320 Report Army, U.S. 1995 HITL 1321 U.S. Army Research Laboratory Vision Link: Advanced Displays and Interactive Displays for the Federated Laboratory -1 -1 April 10 Technical Proposal 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 321 Journal Article Arnaldi, B.; Dumont, G.; Hegron, G. 1989 The Visual Computer computer-animation. control-engineering-computing. graphs. mechanical-engineering-computing. position-control. Lagrange multipliers. animation system design. motion generation. unified animation control processes. general animation system. mechanical laws. audiovisual environment. structured graph. hierarchical description. mechanical joints. dynamical formalism. virtual work. holonomic. nonholonomic constraints. differential motion equations system. symbolic derivations. time step. object locations. orientations. 1-2 22-31 Dynamics and unification of animation control 5 An analysis of unified animation control processes is presented. The design of an animation system is strongly coupled with the considered application. The authors are working on the design of a general animation system, including generation of motion, defined by use of mechanical laws, in an audiovisual environment. The system is built around a structured graph which stores a hierarchical description of the objects and mechanical joints. The system uses a dynamical formalism based upon the principle of virtual work associated with Lagrange's multipliers and that takes into account holonomic and nonholonomic constraints. The generation of the differential motion equations system is automatically built by performing symbolic derivations. These equations are then solved for each time step to give object locations and orientations. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 322 Journal Article Arnold, S.E. 1990 HITL 547 Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 87-144 Marketing Electronic Information: Theory, Practice, and Challenges, 1980-1990 25 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 323 Journal Article Arthur, C. 1992 New Scientist Computer-simulation -- Usage. Computer-systems -- Design-and-construction. 1822 pp. 22-27 Did Reality Move for You? 134 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 324 Report Arts, The Banff Centre for the 1991 The Banff Centre for the Arts Art and Virtual Environments: A Research and Development Project none -1 -1 February 19, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 325 Generic Ascension 1996 HITL 1307 Ascension MotionStar Wireless: We Cut the Cables to Set You Free -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 326 Generic Ascention -1 HITL 1298 SpacePad -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 327 Magazine Article Ashford, J. MacUser 1992 Artwork for article provided by HITL. 221-223 Reaching for 3D Today's 3D programs are easier than ever to use, bringing 3D artwork within the grasp of any illustrator. -1 -1 Oct 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 328 Patent Ashizaki, K.; Yamamoto, M.; Miyaoka, S.; Tamada, S. DE, FR, GB 1992 HITL 657 Sony Corporation Direct Viewing Picture Image Display Apparatus -1 -1 August 16, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 329 Magazine Article Assael, S. Wired 1994 HITL 1503 3 106-111 Robocourt 2 -1 -1 March 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 330 Journal Article Asteasu, C.; Maiora, K.; Etxaniz, J. 1994 Computers in Industry digital-simulation. knowledge-based-systems. mobile-robots. robot-programming. solid-modelling. user-interfaces. 3D world modelling. solid modelling. Universal Knowledge-Based Imaging System. model building. imaging system. modular perception system. semi-autonomous mobile robots. 3D model. robot environment. robot modules. a priori information. user interface. world model maintenance. global system. UKIS project. structured indoor scene. 1 39-54 Three-dimensional world model building and imaging system based on a priori knowledge 24 We describe the development of a modular perception system capable of being used by autonomous or semi-autonomous mobile robots. The objective of the system is to build and maintain a 3D model of the robot environment, capable of being used by different robot modules (e.g. navigation, control, identification, etc.), as well as interacting with the operator. The system handles and associates information coming in from several sources; there are sensors taking observations of the environment and there is also a priori information about the environment, stored in an objects' database. We explain in detail the work concerning the user interface, the structure and the world model maintenance, showing how the a priori information fits in the global system. The objects' database shown in the figures contain the scene proposed for the demonstration of the UKIS project, which is a structured indoor scene. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 331 Journal Article Astheimer, P.; Felger, W.; Muller, S. 1993 Computers & Graphics CAD. geometrical-optics. spatial-data-structures. virtual-reality.Identifiers: industrial applications. virtual reality system. modeling data formats. radiosity lighting. graphics. acoustics. navigation. interaction. integrated audiovisual solution. 6 671-677 Virtual design: a generic VR system for industrial applications 17 IGD's general purpose virtual reality system, "Virtual Design," permits the processing of highly diverse applications. A number of modeling data formats can be imported into and processed by the system. In a preprocessing step the incoming data is adjusted to the requirements of virtual reality and radiosity lighting is precalculated. Configuration files specify the behaviour of the model and possible interactions during the execution phase. Virtual Design is based on the VR toolkit of IGD, which provides a variety of libraries covering graphics, acoustics, simulation, display, navigation, and interaction. This paper introduces the various components of the system and presents an integrated audiovisual solution tailored for virtual reality. A couple of different applications demonstrate the usability and flexibility of the system. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 332 Report ATR 1993 HITL 924 ATR Human Information Processing Research Labs In Japanese and English ATR Research Reports -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 333 Newspaper Article Atwater, R. The Daily Seattle, WA 1997 HITL 1004 5 UW Researcher to Lecture on Virtual Reality and Medicine -1 -1 May 19 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 334 Journal Article Atzor, K.-R.; Stolz, H.; Kauczor, H.-U.; Urban, V.; Tintera, J.; Perneczky, A.; Stoeter, P. 1995 HITL 432 Computers in Biology and Medicine 2 277-281 3D-High Resolution Imaging of Tumors and Aneurysms at the Cranial Base- Comparison of CT and MR 25 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 335 Magazine Article Aubrey, D. Computer Shopper Buying Guide for 96 1996 HITL 469 88-104 Hardware Video and Monitors What a Display -1 -1 January/February 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 336 Magazine Article Aukstakalnis, S. CADalyst 1993 pp. 56-58 Go With the Flow none -1 -1 August 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 337 Magazine Article Aukstakalnis, S. CADayst 1993 8 pp. 37-44 Out of This World 8 none -1 -1 August 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 338 Magazine Article Aukstakalnis, S. CADalyst 1993 8 pp. 46-50 Too Hot to Handle 8 none -1 -1 August 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 339 Conference Proceedings Axt, W. New York, NY, USA 1987 IEEE Proceedings of the IEEE 1987 National Aerospace Electronics Conference: NAECON 1987 HMD 921-927 Evaluation of a Pilot's Line-of-Sight Using Ultrasonic Measurements and a Helmet Mounted Display none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 340 Conference Proceedings Ayres, T. J.; Bryant, L. Santa Monica, CA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society - 33rd Annual Meeting cognitive load in complex systems 1263-1267 Training for Spacecraft Technical Analysts noneColgate University and California Institute of TechnologyDenver, CO -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 341 Journal Article Azoula, F.; Kaye, J. M.; Ting, B.-J. 1994 Virtual Reality Systems 3 28-32 Infrastructure for Human Modeling in VR 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 342 Journal Article Azuma, R. 1993 Communications of the ACM user-interfaces. virtual-reality. augmented-reality systems. object trackers. virtual objects. 7 pp. 50-51 Tracking Requirements for Augmented Reality 36 Describes two different augmented-reality systems. Such systems require highly capable head and object trackers to create an effective illusion of virtual objects coexisting with the real world. In augmented reality, virtual objects supplement rather than supplant the real world. Preserving the illusion that the two coexist requires proper alignment and registration of the virtual objects to the real world. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 343 Conference Proceedings Azuma, R.; Bishop, G. 1994 HITL 1471 ACM Computer Graphics Annual Conference Series 197-213 Improving Static and Dynamic Registration in an Optical See-through HMD -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 344 Conference Proceedings Azuma, R.T. Los Angeles, CA 1995 Cook, R. HITL 164 ACM SIGGRAPH '95 ACM SIGGRAPH '95 Course Notes A Survey of Augmented Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 345 Conference Proceedings Azuma, R.; Bishop, G. 1995 HITL 1355 ACM Computer Graphics Annual Conference Series 401-408 A Frequency-Domain Analysis of Head-Motion Prediction -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 346 Conference Proceedings Azuma, R.; Daily, M.; Krozel, J. 1996 HITL 449 AIAA AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference 1-11 Advanced Human-Computer Interfaces for Air Traffic Management and Simulation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 347 Conference Proceedings Baber, C. London, England 1991 Taylor & Francis Ltd Contemporary Ergonomics 1991 : Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's 1991 Annual Conference Subject: ergonomics. human-factors. microcomputer-applications. 137-142 Why is Speech Synthesis Inappropriate for Control Room Applications none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 348 Conference Proceedings Backs, R. W.; Ryan, A. M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1992 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting physiology. psychology.Identifiers: mental workload. cognitive processes. dual-task study. central processing load. visual memory. physical load. MWL. metabolic demands. structural energetic model. attention. measure dissociations. heart period. cognitive components. respiratory gas samples. Gould Model 9000IV Computerized Pulmonary Lab. Grass Model 8 polygraph. psychophysiological data. microcomputer. tracking performance data. cardiovascular data. sensory substitution; information display 1413-1417 Multimodal Measures of Mental Workload During Dual-task Performance: Energetic Demands of Cognitive Processes -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 349 -1 Abstract: Fifteen male volunteers participated in a dual-task study on which the central processing load of visual memory and tracking tasks and the physical load of the tracking task were orthogonally manipulated to produce varying levels of task difficulty. Multiple modes of assessment were used to measure mental workload (MWL) across difficulty levels, including: performance, subjective, cardiovascular, and metabolic. The relation of the metabolic demands of the task to central processing resource utilization provided support for a structural energetic model of attention that may help to explain measure dissociations. The results of the study indicated that heart period was only sensitive to central manipulations of task difficulty that affected energetic resources. Performance and subjective MWL were sensi -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 350 Conference Proceedings Baecker, R.; Small, I.; Mander, R. New York, NY, USA 1991 ACM Human Factors in Computing Systems. Reaching Through Technology. CHI '91. Conference Proceedings Apple-computers. computer-animation. graphical-user-interfaces. hypermedia. interactive-systems. microcomputer-applications. pictographic representations. computer functionality. complete applications. iterative design. animated painting icons. HyperCard tool palette. pixel bit maps. static icons. 1-6 Bringing icons to life Icons are used increasingly in interfaces because they are compact 'universal' pictographic representations of computer functionality and processing. Animated icons can bring to life symbols representing complete applications or functions within an application, thereby clarifying their meaning, demonstrating their capabilities, and even explaining their method of use. To test this hypothesis, the authors carried out an iterative design of a set of animated painting icons that appear in the HyperCard tool palette. The design discipline restricted the animations to 10 to 20 second sequences of 22*20 pixel bit maps. User testing was carried out on two interfaces-one with the static icons, one with the animated icons. The results showed significant benefit from the animations in clarifying the purpose and functionality of the icons. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 351 Journal Article Bagdonis, A.S.; Salisbury, D.F. 1994 HITL 621 Educational Technology 4 26-32 Development and Validation of Models in Instructional Design 34 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 352 Magazine Article Bagiana, F. Computers & Graphics 1993 aerospace-computing. aerospace-simulation. space-research. virtual-reality. virtual worlds. artificial world. computer graphics. actuator technology. sensor technology. computer generated reality. European space programmes. 6 687-690 Tomorrow's space: journey to the virtual worlds 17 The new technology of virtual reality (VR) provides a revolutionary way to improve the coupling of the human operator to the computing machine. In a VR system, the goal is to remove the distinction between the system and the user's environment, as compared to the conventional relationship between the user and a computer. Thus, to be able to immerse the user in his artificial world, the VR system shall make use simultaneously of the human senses and of his cognitive capacities. In practice, the VR system is the integration of computer graphics and various sensor and actuator technology to create the illusion of immersion in a computer generated reality. VR has therefore been identified as a good candidate for the Technological Research Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). In 1991, the Agency has initiated research activities in the field of VR to identify its potential applications for European space programmes. A generic VR system has been developed allowing the Agency to evaluate the perfo -1 -1 Nov/Dec 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 353 Magazine Article Bailey, C.W. Jr.; Gunning, K. CD-ROM Librarian 1990 HITL 834 10-19 The Intelligent Reference Information System -1 -1 September 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 354 Journal Article Bailey, S.S. 1994 HITL 877 Educational Media International 4 221-223 Creating a Virtual Reality as a Perceptual Equivalence for Training 31 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 355 Journal Article Bainville, E.; Chaffanjon, P.; Cinquin, P. 1995 HITL 441 Computers in Biology and Medicine 2 165-171 Computer Generated Visual Assistance During Retroperitoneoscopy 25 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 356 Journal Article Bajura, M.; Fuchs, H.; Ohbuchi, R. 1992 HITL 140 Computer Graphics acoustic-imaging. biomedical-ultrasonics. data-visualisation. medical-computing. virtual-reality. data visualisation. computer generated images. virtual objects. real world. ultrasound imagery. live ultrasound echography data. pregnant human subject. video camera. video images. 2D ultrasound images. 2 203-210 Merging virtual objects with the real world 26 The authors describe initial results which show live ultrasound echography data visualized within a pregnant human subject. The visualization is achieved by using a small video camera mounted in front of a conventional head-mounted display worn by an observer. The camera's video images are composited -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 357 Journal Article Bajura, M.; Fuchs, H.; Ohbuchi, R. 1992 Computer Graphics Subject: acoustic-imaging. biomedical-ultrasonics. data-visualisation. medical-computing. virtual-reality.Identifiers: data visualisation. computer generated images. virtual objects. real world. ultrasound imagery. live ultrasound echography data. pregnant human subject. video camera. video images. 2D ultrasound images. 2 augmented reality pp. 203-209 Merging Virtual Objects with the Real World: Seeing Ultrasound Imagery within the Patient 26 Abstract: The authors describe initial results which show live ultrasound echography data visualized within a pregnant human subject. The visualization is achieved by using a small video camera mounted in front of a conventional head-mounted display worn by an observer. The camera's video images are composited with computer-generated ones that contain one or more 2D ultrasound images properly transformed to the observer's current viewing position. As the observer walks around the subject, the ultrasound images appear stationary in 3-space within the subject. This kind of enhancement of the observer's vision may have many other applications, e.g., image guided surgical procedures and on location 3D interactive architecture preview. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 358 Conference Proceedings Bajura, M.; Neumann, U. Research Triangle Park, NC 1995 HITL 143 IEEE Computer Society Press. Proceedings of Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium '95 189-196 Dynamic Registration Correction in Augmented-Reality Systems -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 359 Conference Proceedings Baker, P.C. 1989 HITL 1007 SPIE New Methods in Microscopy and Low Light Imaging 426-437 Holographic Contour Analysis of the Cornea -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 360 Magazine Article Baker, S. Business Week 1993 HITL 942 111, 114 A Surgeon Whose Hands Never Shake -1 -1 October 4 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 361 Report Baker, J.P.; Paplinski, A.P. 1994 HITL 54 Monash University 94-12 Virtual Reality Tracking System -1 -1 November 4, 1994 Tehnical 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 362 Newspaper Article Baker, M.S. Puget Sound Business Journal Seattle, WA 1997 HITL 1002 1, 47 Effort to Salvage Virtual i-O -1 -1 May 23-29 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 363 Journal Article Balauger, J.F.; Gobbetti, E. 1996 HITL 60 IEEE Computer 8 71-78 3D User Interfaces for General-Purpose 3D Animation 29 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 364 Conference Proceedings Balbo, S.; Coutaz, J.; Salber, D. Baltimore, MD, USA 1992 ACM Intelligent User Interfaces '93 human-factors. performance-evaluation. user-interfaces. interface evaluation. usability. learnability. software support. multimodal user interfaces. Wizard of Oz platform. behavioral patterns. data flow-oriented task model. software usability. 201-208 Towards automatic evaluation of multimodal user interfaces The evaluation of the usability and the learnability of a computer system may be performed with predictive models during the design phase. It may be done on the executable code as well by observing the user in action. In this case, data collected in vivo must be processed. The authors goal is to provide a software support for performing this difficult task. This article presents an early analysis and experience towards the automatic evaluation of multimodal user interfaces. With this end in view, a generic Wizard of Oz platform has been designed to allow the observation and the automatic recording of subjects' behavior while interacting with a multimodal interface. They then show how recorded data can be analyzed to detect behavioral patterns, and how deviations of such patterns from a data flow-oriented task model can be exploited by a software usability critic. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 365 Magazine Article Baldwin, J. Alaska Airlines Magazine 1991 HITL 176 Almost Live -1 -1 August 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 366 Magazine Article Ballard, R.D. T.H.E. Journal 1992 HITL 1153 70-74 The JASON Project: Hi-Tech Exploration Promotes Students' Interest in Science -1 -1 October 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 367 Journal Article Baltzley, D. R.; Kennedy, R. S.; Berbaum, K. S. 1989 Aviation, Space & Enviromental Medicine Subject Major: FLIGHT-SIMULATION. MILITARY-TRAINING. AIRCRAFT-PILOTS. MILITARY-PERSONNEL.Subject Minor: SYMPTOMS. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: flight simulation training, time course & recovery from sickness symptoms, military pilots. 11 simulator sickness 1043-1048 The Time Course of Postflight Simulator Sickness Symptoms 60 Abstract: Reports of posteffects following training sessions in US military flight simulators were obtained from 742 pilots to determine the time course of recovery from simulator sickness. 334 Ss reported posteffects of some kind. At least 25% of the symptoms lasted more than 1 hr after leaving the simulator, and 8% lasted more than 6 hrs. Postexposure symptoms were classified into 3 categories: (1) visuomotor (e.g., eyestrain), (2) disorientation (e.g., dizziness), and (3) nausea. A safety risk may be posed by the moderately high frequency of symptoms involving postural disequilibrium. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 368 Conference Proceedings Bancroft, G.; Plessel, T.; Merritt, F.; Watson, V. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualizatin and Display Technologies aerodynamics. aerospace-computing. computer-graphic-equipment. computer-graphics. computerised-picture-processing. digital-simulation. flow-visualisation. natural-sciences-computing. 3D scientific visualization. computational aerodynamics. NASA Ames Research Center. flow fields. computer simulations. fluid dynamics. Space Shuttle. graphics workstation. supercomputer. post-processing. tracking. steering. benchmarking. software environment. FAST. 161-172 Tools for 3D Scientific Visualization in Computational Aerodynamics at NASA Ames Research Center The authors describe the tools and techniques in use at the NASA Ames Research Center for performing visualization of computational aerodynamics, for example visualization of flow fields from computer simulations of fluid dynamics about vehicles such as the Space Shuttle. The hardware used for visualization is a high-performance graphics workstation connected to a supercomputer with a high speed channel. The three techniques used for visualization are post-processing, tracking, and steering. Workstation performance issues, benchmarking, and high-performance networks are discussed as well as descriptions of other hardware for digital video and film recording. A new software environment, FAST, is introduced. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 369 Journal Article Bancroft, P. H.; Bollinger, E. 1993 CRIT: the Journal of the American Institute of Architecture Students architecture. 32-39 The two worlds of virtual reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 370 Journal Article Banwell, T. C.; Stephens, W. E.; Lalk, G. R. 1992 Electronics Letters digital-communication-systems. digital-signals. subscriber-loops. telecommunication-cables. time-division-multiplexing. SONET/ATM signal transmission. SONET STS-3. subscriber loops. digital signal transmission. AWG twisted pair cable. bit error ratios. transmission performance. single-pair unshielded cable. four-pair unshielded twisted pair cables. 155 Mbit/s. 131 m. 0.3 to 150 MHz. twisted pair Cu wire. 12 1102-4 Transmission of 155 Mbits/s (SONET STS-3) signals over unshielded and shielded twisted pair copper wir 28 The feasibility is demonstrated of transmitting 155 Mbit/s SONET-ATM signals over 131 m of unshielded 24 AWG single twisted pair copper cable and 213 m of shielded 22 AWG twisted pair cable with bit error ratios of less than 10/sup -13/. The transmission performance of the single-pair unshielded cable is compared with that of four-pair unshielded twisted pair cables. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 371 Journal Article Baraff, D. 1989 Computer Graphics computational-geometry. computer-graphics. dynamic simulation. nonpenetrating rigid bodies. forces. motion. static equilibrium. adjacent bodies. touch. multiple points. noncolliding contact. holonomic geometric constraints. linked figures. analytical formulations. 3 pp. 223-232 Analytical Methods for Dynamic Simulation of Non-Penetrating Rigid Bodies 23 A method for analytically calculating the forces between systems of rigid bodies in resting (non-colliding) contact is presented. The systems of bodies may either be in motion or static equilibrium and adjacent bodies may touch at multiple points. The analytic formulation of the forces between bodies in noncolliding contact can be modified to deal with colliding bodies. Accordingly, an improved method for analytically calculating the forces between systems of rigid bodies in colliding contact is also presented. Both methods can be applied to systems with arbitrary holonomic geometric constraints, such as linked figures. The analytical formulations used treat both holonomic and non-holonomic constraints in a consistent manner. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 372 Journal Article Baraff, D. 1991 Computer Graphics computational-complexity. computational-geometry. computer-animation. friction. solid-modelling. 3D graphics. computational geometry. NP-completeness. animation. friction. rigid body simulation. computational complexity. contacting bodies. perfectly rigid bodies. Coulomb model. contact forces. exponential time. natural reformulation. expected polynomial time behavior. 4 pp. 31-40 Coping with Friction for Non-Penetrating Rigid Body Simulation 25 Algorithms and computational complexity measures for simulating the motion of contacting bodies with friction are presented. The bodies are restricted to be perfectly rigid bodies that contact at finitely many points. Contact forces between bodies must satisfy the Coulomb model of friction. A traditional principle of mechanics is that contact forces are impulsive if and only if non-impulsive contact forces are insufficient to maintain the non-penetration constraints between bodies. When friction is allowed, it is known that impulsive contact forces can be necessary even in the absence of collisions between bodies. The paper shows that computing contact forces according to this traditional principle is likely to require exponential time. An analysis of this result reveals that the principle for when impulses can occur is too restrictive, and a natural reformulation of the principle is proposed. Using the reformulated principle, an algorithm with expected polynomial time behavior for computer cont -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 373 Journal Article Barber, A. 1990 The Journal of the Human Factors Society Subject Major: VISUAL-TRACKING. VISUAL-PERCEPTION. VISUAL-DISCRIMINATION. RECOGNITION-LEARNING. DISTANCE-PERCEPTION.Subject Minor: ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: visual mechanisms, far target detection & recognition & tracking, adults. 2 target acquisition pp. 217-233 Visual Mechanisms and Predictors of Far Field Visual Task Performance 32 noneScience Applications International Corp., TX -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 374 Report Barbour, C.G.; Meyer, G.W. 1990 HITL 900 University of Oregon, Dept. of Computer and Information Science CIS-TR-90-27 Visual Cues and Pictorial Limitations in Photorealistic Images -1 -1 Technical 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 375 Journal Article Barfield, W.; Rosenberg, C.; Cohen, M. -1 pre-print Presence as a Function of Frame of Reference withing Virtual Environments Shows how the frame of reference presented to virtual environment participants influences the sense of presence within virtual environments. Several different frames of reference are defined and examples for virtual environments are given. It is proposed that virtual environments which present an egocentric frame of reference to the participant result in a greater degree of presence than displays which provide an exocentric frame of reference. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 376 Conference Proceedings Barfield, W.; Haselkorn, M.; Spyridakis, J.; Conquest, L. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 661-614 Commuter Behavior and Decision Making: Designing Motorist Information Systems none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 377 Conference Proceedings Barfield, W.; Rosenberg, C.; Kraft, C. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting aerospace-computing. aerospace-simulation. aircraft. human-factors. visual-perception. aircraft. flight simulation. human factors. visual perception. visual cues. terrain realism. flightpath. 115-119 The Effects of Visual Cues to Realism and Perceived Impact Point During Final Approach Investigates the effect of providing three different simulations of ground terrain on the ability of subjects to accurately determine the aimpoint during a final approach. Several simulations were created to model a straight-in final approach (three degree glideslope) to a standard FAA runway from several distances. The three levels of terrain realism ranged from a homogeneous surface to farmlands with hills. The subject's task was to estimate the aimpoint which represented an extrapolation of the flightpath to its point-of-contact with the ground as well as the altitude at nine different distances from threshold. The results indicated that increased levels of realism lead to better performance in judging altitude and predicting aimpoint during a simulated final approach. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 378 Journal Article Barfield, W.; Rosenberg, C.; Kraft, C. 1990 Displays, Technology and Applications computer-graphics. digital-simulation. human-factors. visual-perception. scene realism. scene complexity. perceptual performance. computer graphics simulations. homogeneous Lambertian shaded iflat surface. farmlands. hills. altitude. aimpoint. 4 179-185 Relationship between scene complexity and perceptual performance for computer graphics simulations 11 An important goal for the design of visual displays is to determine how much realism or scene complexity to include in a computer simulation to reach a given level of performance. It may not be necessary to always include the highest level of realism or complexity to reach an acceptable level of performance. Needless degrees of realism, and thus computational resources, may be wasted in the quest for 'photographic' realism. To study the relationship between scene complexity and human performance, three different simulations of scene complexity were modeled for a final approach task. The subject's tasks were to estimate two aspects of situation awareness, perceived altitude and aimpoint, during a simulated final approach at nine unique distances to threshold. The three levels of scene complexity included a homogeneous Lambertian shaded flat surface, farmlands, and farmlands with hills. The results indicated that increasing the level of scene complexity lead to better performance in judging both altit -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 379 Journal Article Barfield, W.; Rosenburg, C.; Kraft, C. 1990 Displays, Technology, and Applications Subject: computer-graphics. digital-simulation. human-factors. visual-perception.Identifiers: scene realism. scene complexity. perceptual performance. computer graphics simulations. homogeneous Lambertian shaded flat surface. farmlands. hills. altitude. aimpoint. 4 pp. 179-185 Relationship Between Scene Complexity and Perceptual Performance for Computer Graphics Simulations 11 Abstract: An important goal for the design of visual displays is to determine how much realism or scene complexity to include in a computer simulation to reach a given level of performance. It may not be necessary to always include the highest level of realism or complexity to reach an acceptable level of performance. Needless degrees of realism, and thus computational resources, may be wasted in the quest for 'photographic' realism. To study the relationship between scene complexity and human performance, three different simulations of scene complexity were modeled for a final approach task. The subject's tasks were to estimate two aspects of situation awareness, perceived altitude and aimpoint, during a simulated final approach at nine unique distances to threshold. The three levels of scene complexity -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 380 -1 depth cues -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 381 Journal Article Barfield, W.; Rosenberg, C.; Han, S.-H.; Furness, T. 1993 HITL 1331 SID 93 Digest 107-110 Spatial Situational Awareness as a Function of Frame of Reference, Virtual Eyepoint Elevation, and Geometric Field of View -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 382 Conference Proceedings Barfield, W.; Rosenberg, C.; Han, S.; Furness, T. Los Angeles, CA, USA 1993 Society for Information Display SID 93 Digest situation awareness 107-110 Spatial Situational Awareness as a Function of Frame of Reference, Virtual Eyepoint Elevation, and Geometric Field of View none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 383 Book Barfield, W.; Furness, T.; Zeltzer, D.; Sheridan, T. 1994 presence Presence and Performance Within Virtual Environments. none ÊFurness, T. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 384 Magazine Article Barfield, W.; Hendrix, C. Virtual Reality 1995 HITL 267 1 3-16 The Effect of Update Rate on the Sense of Presence Within Virtual Environments 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 385 Book Barfield, W.; Weghorst, S. New York, NY 1995 Furness, T.A. Oxford University Press 699-704 Virtual Environments and Advanced Interface Design The Sense of Presence Within Virtual Environments: A Conceptual Framework none Barfield, W. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 386 Personal Communication Barfield, W.; Furness, T.A. 1996 HITL 1457 Communications About Presence Journal -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 387 Journal Article Barfield, W.; Hendrix, C.; Bystrom, K. 1997 HITL951 IEEE 114-119 Visualizing the Structure of Virtual Oblects Using Head Tracked Stereoscopic Displays -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 388 Journal Article Barfield, W.; Cohen, M.; Rosenberg, C. 1997 HITL 1179 The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 2 123-138 Visual and Auditory Localization as a Function of Azimuth and Elevation 7 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 389 Magazine Article Barillot, C. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 1993 111-119 Surface and volume rendering techniques to display 3D data An overview of basic principles shows advances in display techniques. -1 -1 March 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 390 Magazine Article Barker, Q. Virtual Reality World 1994 HITL 545 55-64 Virtual Reality Market Analysis -1 -1 March/April 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 391 Magazine Article Barlow, J. P. Microtimes Magazine -1 From: barlow@well.sf.ca.us Being in Nothingness: Virtual Reality and the Pioneers of Cyberspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 392 Magazine Article Barlow, J. Mondo 2000 -1 44-51 Life in the datacloud: interview with Jaron Lanier -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 393 Generic Barlow, J. P. 1989 Everything We Know Is Wrong: Myth and Business in the New Universe -1 -1 April 1989 book proposal 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 394 Conference Proceedings Barlow, J. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace p. 4 Music in Cyberspace: Cyberspace as Place -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 395 Conference Proceedings Barnett, B. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: aerospace-computing. aircraft. behavioural-sciences-computing. digital-simulation. human-factors. knowledge-representation.Identifiers: aircraft. behavioural sciences computing. decision making. modeling. pilot judgment. information processing components. knowledge representations. longterm memory. cognitive abilities assessment. decision making 878-882 Information Processing Components and Knowledge Representations: An Individual Differences Approach to Modeling Pilot Judgment Abstract: The present study contrasts high-time and low-time pilot judgment performance, using information processing components and knowledge representations in longterm memory (LTM) as individual difference measures to predict performance. The objective was to determine which of these two classes of measures predicted pilot judgment performance for groups of varying levels of experience. Thirty pilots (15 high-time and 15 low-time) completed a cognitive abilities assessment battery. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 396 Journal Article Baron, G.; Cautela, J.R. 1983 HITL 620 Imagination, Cognition and Personality 1 17-30 Imagery Assessment with Normal and Special Needs Children 3 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 397 Journal Article Barr, R. 1990 HITL 312 SIGCHI Bulletin 1 24-27 Using Graphs to Explore Databases and Create Reports 22 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 398 Conference Proceedings Barrett, C.; Weisgerber, S. Neuilly Sur Seine, France 1989 AGARD AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 478 - Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations. depth cues 14:1-14:9 Workload Induced Spatio-Temporal Distortions and Safety of Flight: An Investigation of Cognitive Intrusions in Perceptual Processes none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 399 Journal Article Barrett, D.S.; Green, R.G.; Copeland, S.A. 1991 HITL 957 Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 100-104 Arthrosopic and Endoscopic Skills: A Method of Assessment 73 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 400 Conference Proceedings Barrett, C. London, UK 1992 IEEE IEEE Colloquium on 'Computer Graphics Systems' computer-graphics. computerised-picture-processing. data-compression. real time picture compression. computer graphics. data compression. JPEG compression. architecture. 8/1-4 Towards the use of real time picture compression in computer graphics Lossless data compression is already widely used in image storage. The advent of the JPEG compression standard and its implementation in VLSI hardware offer significant benefits to the computer graphics community. The JPEG standard's lossy compression allows a 30:1 data reduction with minimal image degradation. Benefits include: economy of storage for both rendered and grabbed images; the ability to obtain good quality motion video pictures on modest computer equipment; progress towards a standard for the storage of continuous tone images, in place of a plethora of incompatible file formats; and the opportunity to create a wider user base for computer graphics techniques. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 401 Magazine Article Bartels, K.E.; Zediker, M.S. Photonics Spectra 1993 HITL 934 92-97 Biomedical Lasers at the Cutting Edge -1 -1 June 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 402 Journal Article Barten, P. 1992 SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III Subject: eye. optical-transfer-function. physiological-models.Identifiers: modulation depth. physiological model. contrast sensitivity. human eye. luminance. display size. internal noise. MTF. 5 57-72 Physical Model for the Contrast Sensitivity of the Human Eye 23 Abstract: The contrast sensitivity of the human eye and its dependence on luminance and display size is described on the basis of internal noise in the visual system. With the addition of a global description of the optical MTF of the eye, a complete physical model is presented for the spatial contrast sensitivity function. Calculation results obtained with this model are compared with measurements published in literature. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 403 Journal Article Barth, M. J.; Tsuji, S. 1993 IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Subject: computer-vision. image-sequences. intelligent-control. motion-estimation. tracking.Identifiers: egomotion. intelligent gaze control. translational direction. rotational motion component. active vision sensor. active camera. motion parallax. fixation point. motion tracking. 1424-32 Egomotion Determination Through an Intelligent Gaze Control Strategy We present a computationally inexpensive method that rapidly and robustly determines both the translational direction and rotational component of motion through the use of an active vision sensor. The method employs an intelligent gaze control strategy where an active camera first fixates on an item in the environment while simultaneously measuring motion parallax. The camera then rapidly saccades to a different fixation point, based on this measure. The algorithm iteratively seeks out fixation points that are closer to the translational direction of motion, rapidly converging so that the camera always points in the instantaneous direction of motion. At that point, the tracking motion of the camera is equal but opposite in sign to the mobile entity's rotational component of motion. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 404 Report Bartle, R. 1990 MUSE Ltd Interactive Multi-User Computer Games -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 405 Conference Proceedings Bartlett, C.T. Orlando, FL 1994 Hopper, D.G. HITL 670 SPIE Cockpit Displays 22-33 The Head Up Display for the Advanced Cockpit -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 406 Newspaper Article Basinger, J. 1994 Research Triange Institute, NC. Dresden Germany Baroque church. Ruined church rebuilt on computer: virtual reality tour displays finished project -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 407 Generic Bates, J. 1991 HITL 2 Deep Structure for Virtual Reality -1 -1 April 27, 1991 Journal Article Submission 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 408 Journal Article Bates, J. 1992 HITL 588 Presence 1 133-138 Virtual Reality, Art, and Entertainment 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 409 Journal Article Bates, J. 1994 Communications of the ACM artificial-intelligence. computer-animation. entertainment. psychology. emotion. believable agents. believability. artificial intelligence. robots. Oz project. simulated world. real-time interactive self-animating creatures. character animation. 7 122-125 The role of emotion in believable agents 37 The idea of believability has long been studied and explored in literature, theater, film, radio drama, and other media. Many artificial intelligence researchers have long wished to build robots, and their cousins called agents, that seem to think, feel, and live. These are creatures with whom you would want to share some of your life. The author discusses the use of emotion in the construction of believable agents. He considers one of the efforts in the Oz project in 1992 which was to build a small simulated world containing several real-time, interactive, self-animating creatures based on the principles of traditional character animation. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 410 Generic Bauer, A.; Soldner, E.H.; Ziegler, R.; Muller, W. -1 HITL 541 No Publication Found Virtual Reality in the Surgical Arthroscopic Training -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 411 Conference Proceedings Bauersfled, P. F.; Slater, J. L. New York, NY, USA 1991 ACM Human Factors in Computing Systems. Reaching Through Technology. CHI '91. Conference Proceedings colour. human-factors. systems-analysis. user-interfaces. direct manipulation interface. color interface design. personal computers. user needs. user-oriented color models. 417-418 User-oriented color interface design: direct manipulation of color in context Color functionality for personal computers is limited and does not adequately address user needs. By introducing principles of color theory and design to interface tools one can provide users with innovative ways to manipulate color. This paper describes color tools based on a uniform perceptual color space that account for the relativity of color. Color interface ideas based on such user-oriented color models and approaches are suggested. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 412 Conference Proceedings Baum, D. R. San Diego, CA 1992 SCS Proceedings of the 14th Annual Interservices/Industry Training Systems and Education Conference Virtual Training Devices: Illusion or Reality? [Pre-print] -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 413 Conference Proceedings Baum, D. R. Playa del Rey, CA 1993 SID SID 93 Digest 754-757 Invited Address: Virtual Reality: How Close Are We? Virtual reality technologies provide an interface to simulated environments in which the user can experience an increased sense of immersion. This paper assesses the status of VR technologies for meeting the requirements of selected applications. Examples from the domains of command and control, operation/teleoperation and military training are given. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 414 Conference Proceedings Baum, D.R. Playa del Rey 1993 SID SID 93 Digest situation awareness 754-757 Invited Address: Virtual Reality: How Close Are We? none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 415 Magazine Article Baum, D. Byte 1995 HITL 1523 111-117 Assets in Wonderland: Virtual Reality Interfaces and 3-D Software are Changing the Way Financial Traders Percieve the Market -1 -1 July 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 416 Conference Proceedings Beach, M. New York, NY, USA 1990 IEEE Proceedings of IEEE/AIAA/NASA 9th Digital Avionics Sytems Conference Subject: aircraft-communication. data-communication-systems. military-systems. missiles.Identifiers: avionics. survivability. battle plans. cooperative tactics. situational awareness. cooperative missile launches. flexible formation flying. electronic countermeasures. target tracking. fighter. intraflight data link. data transfer. offensive functions. defensive functions. 549-551 Cooperative Tactical Operations Using A Data Link Abstract: The benefits and operational advantages of using a data link to exchange battle plans and apply cooperative tactics are discussed. Advantages that a data link provides are increased situational awareness, cooperative missile launches, flexible formation flying, and potentially cooperative application of electronic countermeasures. The data link requirements to support such tactical operations are presented, and are shown to be critically dependent on the ability to exchange target tracking data between aircraft. Most advanced fighter studies and projects include some concept of cooperative functions using an intraflight data link. This link is assumed to be covert and unjammable. A number of cooperative concepts and their data transfer requirements are examined. These functions are organized into -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 417 -1 situation awareness -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 418 Report Beard, D.; Toki, O.; Walker, J. 1990 Computer Science Department, University of North Carolina TR 90-015 Fingerpointing and Eyetrackers for Task Analysis of Medical Image Information Systems -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 419 Report Beardon, C. 1997 HITL 1219 Advisory Group on Computer Graphics 31 Strategies for the Effective Use of Computers and Communications Technologies in Art and Design -1 -1 March 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 420 Conference Proceedings Beaton, R.; DeHoff, R.; Weiman, N.; Hildebrandt, P. Bellingham, WA, USA 1987 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - True 3D Imaging Techniques and Display Technologies 94-101 An Evaluation of Input Devices for 3-D Computer Display Workstation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 421 Magazine Article Beauchamp, R. Microtimes 1988 pp. 84- James Burke On The Computer Age -1 -1 May 1988 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 422 Journal Article Beck, S. -1 Mondo 2000 Physiology of virtual light. 64-66 Virtual light & cybervideo: visual sensology for the 1990's and beyond Virtual light is defined as "the sensation in the eyes of light, visual images, or other visual language elements produced directly, without the use of actual light photons emitted from a CRT, LCD, or other optical image element." -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 423 Patent Becker, A. USA 1990 HITL 654 Reflection Technology, Inc. Miniature Video Display System -1 -1 June 19, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 424 Journal Article Becker, A. 1990 Information Display display-devices. light-emitting-diodes. Reflection Technology. displays. virtual display. Private Eye. light-emitting diodes. LEDs. magnifying lens. resonating spring-mounted mirror. counter-moving weight. advanced circuitry. 3 8-11 Design case study: Private Eye 6 The size and power consumption of computer processors and memory hardware are shrinking dramatically, but normal displays become unreadable when they are made smaller to keep pace. One solution is a virtual display, one that creates an image larger than the display screen itself. The author considers Reflection Technology's Private Eye. Users look into the 1-in. window and see a legible full-size 12-in. screen with the image superimposed over their field of vision, apparently a few feet in front of them. The Private Eye is a unique combination of several existing technologies-a column of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), a magnifying lens, a resonating spring-mounted mirror, and a counter-moving weight-linked with advanced circuitry. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 425 Newspaper Article Becker, B. Seattle Weekly Seattle, WA 1991 Cyberspace Odyssey -1 -1 March 13, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 426 Magazine Article Becker, M.; Neumeier, J. Information Display 1993 HITL 1125 16-19 Measuring LCD Optical Performance Realistically -1 -1 February 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 427 Journal Article Beckmann, N.; Kriegel, H.; Schneider, R.; Seeger, B. 1990 SIGMOD Record 2 pp. 322-331 The R-Tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 19 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 428 Report Bedichek, R. 1990 hardware A General Purpose Bus Based Distributed Memory Multiprocessor with Planar Interconnect - Draft -1 -1 Dec 2, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 429 Personal Communication Beenick, P. 1995 HITL 261 CPI Capitol Publications Inc. Catalog of Publications -1 -1 July 21, 1995 Letter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 430 Conference Proceedings Beers, A.C.; Agrawala, M.; Chaddha, N. New Orleans, LA 1996 HITL 400 ACM SIGGRAPH 96 373-378 Computer Graphics Proceedings, Annual Conference Series, 1996 Rendering from Compressed Textures -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 431 Journal Article Begault, D.; Wenzel, E. 1992 The International Journal of Aviation Psychology Subject Major: MAN-MACHINE-SYSTEMS. AUDITORY-DISPLAYS. AIRCRAFT.Identifiers: techniques & applications for binaural sound manipulation in aircraft cockpit auditory displays & other human machine interfaces. 1 spatialized sound pp. 1-22 Techniques and Applications for Binaural Sound Manipulation in Human-Machine Interfaces 2 Abstract: Discusses the implementation of binaural sound to speech and auditory sound cues (auditory icons) from both applications and technical standpoints. Techniques overviewed include processing by means of filtering with head-related transfer functions. Binaural techniques and psychoacoustic considerations are described in terms of lateralization, headphone localization, and decorrelation. Application to advanced cockpit-human interface systems is discussed, although the techniques are extendible to any human-machine interface. Research issues pertaining to 3-dimensional sound displays under investigation at the Aerospace Human Factors Research Division at NASA-Ames Research Center are described. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 432 Magazine Article Begault, D. Mix 1993 10 42-46 The Evolution of 3-D Audio 17 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 433 Journal Article Begault, D. R. 1993 Human Factors 4 workload in VR 707-717 Head-Up Auditory Displays for Traffic Collision Avoidance System Advisories: A Preliminalry Investigation 35 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 434 Book Section Begault, D.R. 3-D Sound for Virtual Reality and Multimedia Boston, MA 1994 HITL 248 AP Professional 247-285 Table of Contents, Chapter 6 Resources and References -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 435 Conference Proceedings Behar, I; Young, D.; Johnson, J. Neuilly Sur Seine, France -1 AGARD AGARD Conference Proceedings - Operational Helicopter Aviation Medicine degraded visibility 50:1-50:4 Training Requirements for Helicopter Operation with Night Vision Goggles none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 436 Conference Proceedings Behar, I.; Young, D.M.; Johnson, J.E. 1978 HITL 1324 AGARD 50-1 to 50-4 Training Requirements for Helicopter Operation with Night Vision Goggles -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 437 Journal Article Behrends, R.S. 1986 HITL 518 Journal of Humanistic Psychology 1 27-59 The Integrated Personality: Maximum Utilization of Information 26 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 438 Conference Proceedings Beiser, L. 1989 Pawley, J.B. HITL 989 Plenum Press Confocal Microscopy Workshop Electron Microscopy Society of America Meeting Laser Scanning Notebook -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 439 Journal Article Bejczy, A.; Dotson, R.; Brown, J.; Lewis, J. 1982 IEEE pp. 691-698 Manual Control of Manipulator Forces and Torques Using Graphic Display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 440 Generic Bell, G.; Parisi, A.; Pesce, M. World Wide Web 1995 HITL 423 VRML: Virtual Reality Modeling Language -1 -1 May 26, 1995 VRML Version 1.0 Manual 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 441 Conference Proceedings Bell, G. 1996 HITL 67 Eurographics '96 VRML 2.0 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 442 Journal Article Bemis, S.; Leeds, J.; Winer, E. 1988 Journal of the Human Factors Society Subject Major: GRAPHICAL-DISPLAYS. VIDEO-DISPLAY-UNITS. SPATIAL-PERCEPTION. REACTION-TIME. NAVY-PERSONNEL.Subject Minor: MAN-MACHINE-SYSTEMS-DESIGN. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: standard vs perspective tactical display visually representing horizontal & vertical craft information, threat detection & interception, 24-36 yr old male Navy personnel. target acquisition pp. 163-169 Operator Performance as a Function of Type of Display: Conventional versus Perspective 30(2) Abstract: Evaluated operator performance on a perspective tactical display with 21 adult males. The distinguishing feature of the perspective display was its visual representation of vertical as well as horizontal craft information. Current tactical display systems provided only 2-dimensional views requiring numerical representation for altitude information. Ss were required to perform 2 tasks: detect threats and select the closest interceptor for each detected threat. Errors and response time were recorded for each S by the computer. Findings revealed a significant reduction in errors of detection and interception with the use of a perspective display. Response time for selecting interceptors was greatly reduced. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 443 Journal Article Ben-Yosef, N.; Rose, A. 1978 HITL 1083 Journal of the Optical Society of America 7 935-937 Spectral Response of the Human Eye 68 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 444 Journal Article Benedek, G.B. 1971 HITL 1070 Applied Optics 3 459-473 Theory of Transparency of the Eye 10 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 445 Conference Proceedings Benedict, C.; Gunderman, R. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Helmet-Mounted Displays III aerospace-testing. aircraft-instrumentation. display-devices. military-equipment. safety. DOD. evaluation. helmet-mounted systems. safety. flight testing. Wright-Patterson Air Force. 8-12 Helmet-Mounted Systems Test and Evaluation Process The authors discuss the development of helmet-mounted systems with regard to safety and performance criteria prior to flight testing. The test and evaluation process which has been developed by the Helmet-Mounted Systems Technology Advanced Development Program Office at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, is considered. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 446 Conference Proceedings Benedikt, M. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 5-6 Cyberspace: Some Proposals -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 447 Conference Proceedings Benel, R. A.; Benel, D. C. R. Santa Monica, CA 1992 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting Subject: visual-perception.Identifiers: visual accommodation. real-world viewing. target stimulus. background distance. laser optometer. 1445-1449 Influence of Background Appearance on Visual Accomodation Abstract: Many experimental and real-world viewing situations provide a context in which the target stimulus is displayed against a background set at a different but determinate distance. Conversely, other situations occur where the background distance is indeterminate, i.e., a textureless background. There has been evidence accumulating over the past two decades to suggest that the assumption of accurate visual accommodation will not be sustained under all these circumstances. Although earlier assumptions held that the centrally located stimulus would determine the level of accommodation, this experiment tests that assumption by varying the cues to background distance (well-textured, lighted, distant background and the same background unilluminated) and the distance to the target stimulus. Two -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 448 -1 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 449 Conference Proceedings Benford, S.; Ingram, R.; Rodden, T. London, UK 1992 IEE IEEE Colloquium on 'Using Virtual Worlds' computer-animation. groupware. office-automation. operating- systems-computers. open distributed processing. virtual reality. computer supported cooperative work. CSCW Environment. CSCW Operating System. social interaction. virtual world. 1/1-5 Exploiting virtual reality as a conceptual model for CSCW This paper describes some computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) research which has focused on the development of a global CSCW Environment a kind of CSCW Operating System which allows people to access a variety of existing cooperative tools within a common organisational context and also against a background of more social interaction. This Environment is based on a virtual world of interconnected rooms through which people navigate, forming groups and carrying out tasks. Each room provides access to a number of tools, awareness of on- going events and also encourages open communication with other occupants. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 450 Journal Article Benford, S.; Bullock, A.; Cook, N. 1993 Interacting with Computers groupware. user-interfaces. computer supported cooperative work. room metaphors. interaction models. spatial model. virtual computer spaces. virtual cyberspace. prototype application. distributed system. 2 217-237 From rooms to cyberspace: models of interaction in large virtual computer spaces 5 Room metaphors have become increasingly popular as a basis for CSCW systems. The paper describes how such metaphors might be extended to support large scale communication through the introduction of a spatial model for mediating conversations in virtual computer spaces. The model is described in terms of an abstract mathematical framework and the paper then outlines how this might be applied to various kinds of CSCW system. As a next step, the combination of rooms into larger virtual structures is considered and this results in proposals for structuring, navigating and mapping a large virtual cyberspace for cooperation. Finally, the paper describes a current prototype application and reflects on some of the architectural issues involved in its realisation as a distributed system. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 451 Conference Proceedings Benford, S.; Bowers, J.; Fahlen, L. E. 1994 NASA Conference Publications ISMCR '94: Topical Workshop on Virtual Reality 128-135 A Workout for Virtual Bodybuilders (Design Issues for Embodiment in Multi-actor Virtual Environments) Explores the issue of user embodiment within collaborative virtual environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 452 Conference Proceedings Benford, S.; Bowers, J.; Gray, S.; Leevers, D.; Rodden, T.; Rygol, M.; Stanger, V. 1994 HITL 368 Mecklermedia London Virtual Reality Expo 94, 4th Annual Conference on VR 131-139 The Virtuosi Project -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 453 Book Section Bennett, A.G.; Rabbetts, R.B. Clinical Visual Optics 1989 HITL 1071 Reed International P.L.C. 9-72 Chapters 2-3 -1 -1 second 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 454 Conference Proceedings Bennett, T. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: aerospace-simulation. aircraft-instrumentation. human-factors.Identifiers: head mounted displays. human factors. aircraft instrument. virtual world. visual performance. optical flow 82-85 Head-Mounted Displays and the Measurement of Performance in a Virtual World Abstract: Presents and discusses the problems associated with assessing visual performance during translation and rotation in a virtual world. Two studies are summarized which highlight the difficulties in defining and measuring the optical and visual variables that pilots use during the control of an aircraft in simulated flight. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 455 Journal Article Bennett, K. B.; Berbaum, K.; Tharp, D.; Mroczek, K. 1993 Encoding Apparent Motion in Animated Mimic Displays -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 456 -1 Human Factors Subject Major: DEPTH-PERCEPTION. PICTORIAL-STIMULI. MONOCULAR-VISION. PHOTOGRAPHS.Subject Minor: ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: depth perception in monocularly viewed pictures, college students. 4 673-691 35 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 457 -1 information display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 458 Conference Proceedings Berg, A. -1 HITL 1160 New Visions for Video: Use of Cable, Satellite, Broadcast and Interactive Systems for Literacy and Learning A Nation of Learners: The Demographics of Access to Video and Telecommunications Technology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 459 Conference Proceedings Bergman, L.; Fuchs, H.; Grant, E.; Spach, S. New York, NY, USA 1986 ACM SIGGRAPH '86 Conference Proceedings 29-37 Image Rendering by Adaptive Refinement -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 460 Conference Proceedings Beringer, D. 1989 Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: aerospace-computer-control. aircraft-instrumentation. helicopters. human-factors. user-interfaces.Identifiers: touch panel sampling. human factors. keypad performance. touch input devices. helicopter. serial sampling. minima selection algorithms. menu-selection task. bezel-mounted hardware keys. error rate. response time. input devices 71-75 Touch Panel Sampling Strategies and Keypad Performance Comparisons Abstract: A study was conducted to improve accuracy of touch input devices to be used in helicopter environments through serial sampling and minima selection algorithms. Several types of mechanical keypads were compared with the two types of touch-input devices. Results obtained with this menu-selection task suggested no practical degradation in performance when substituting the touch input devices for bezel-mounted hardware keys. This was true of both error rate (in a qualified sense) and response time. It was concluded that the touch-input devices could provide flexibility for high-resolution input using maps and other spatial forms of data while allowing effective use of previously developed menus and menu-selection routines without the need for auxiliary bezel-mounted mechanical keys. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 461 Conference Proceedings Beringer, D.; Allen, R.; Kozak, K.; Young, G. Santa Monica, CA 1993 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting information display 84-87 Responses of Pilots and Nonpilots to Color-coded Altitude Information in a Cockpit Display of Traffic Information noneNew Mexico State University -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 462 Magazine Article Bermar, A. Network World 1991 p. 51 Myron Kruegger Krueger, the father of artificial reality, claims the technolgy is more than the next best thing to being there; in many cases, its even better. -1 -1 February 4, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 463 Journal Article Bernard, K. 1986 Journal of the American Society for Information Science 6 pp. 409-413 Regulatory Development in the U.S. 37 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 464 Magazine Article Bernard, J. TWA Ambassador 1990 pp. 38-45 Tomorrow's Addition -1 -1 July 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 465 Magazine Article Berners-Lee, T.; Cailliau, R.; Groff, J.; Pollermann, B. Electronic Networking: Research, Applications and Policy 1992 computer-networks. hypermedia. information-retrieval-systems. protocols. World-Wide Web. practical project. global information universe. contemporary systems. hypertext. information retrieval. wide area networking. W/sup 3/ model. reference. links. human knowledge. small personal notes. local workstation. large databases. virtual. 1 52-58 World Wide Web: The Information Universe 2 The World-Wide Web (W/sup 3/) initiative is a practical project designed to bring a global information universe into existence using available technology. The authors describe the aims, data model, and protocols needed to implement the 'web' and compare them with various contemporary systems. Merging the techniques of hypertext, information retrieval, and wide area networking produces the W/sup 3/ model. The model's main features are: information need only be represented once, as a reference may be made instead of making a copy; links allow the topology of the information to evolve, so modeling the state of human knowledge at any time is without constraint; the web stretches seamlessly from small personal notes on the local workstation to large databases on other continents; indexes are documents, and so may themselves be found by searches and/or following links; and the documents in the web do not have to exist as files, i.e., they can be 'virtual' documents generated by a server in response to a qu -1 -1 Spring 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 466 Journal Article Bernstein, H.; Phillips, A. -1 pp. 123-137 Fiber Bundles and Quantum Theory -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 467 Journal Article Berryman, H.; Saltz, J.; Scroggs, J. 1991 HITL 1392 Concurrency: Practice and Experience 3 159-178 Execution Time Support for Adaptive Scientific Algorithms on Distributed Memory Machines 3 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 468 Journal Article Bertera, J. 1992 Simulation digital-simulation. eye. medical-computing. position-measurement. virtual-reality. vision. oculomotor adaptation. macular disease. eccentric eye positioning. real time simulation. virtual reality. central blindness. eye position sensor. computer visual display. eye controlled system. visual defects. circularly symmetric simulated scotoma. visual blindspot. fovea. fixation maps. viewing practice. fixation stability. fixation durations. 1 pp. 37-43 Oculomotor Adaptation with Virtual Reality Scotomas 59 A simulation of central blindness in normal human subjects was produced by linking a high-accuracy eye position sensor with a computer visual display. This eye controlled system may be classified as a form of virtual reality for safely exploring the effects of visual defects, diseases, and adaptability under experimental control. A circularly symmetric simulated scotoma or visual blindspot was stabilized on the fovea of six normal observers while they attempted to maintain a target in clear view. The subjects were naive and were free to view the target in any way they chose. Eccentric eye positioning developed within two minutes of viewing time with most subjects. Cumulated fixation positions showed that the edge of the scotoma was positioned next to the target. All subjects reported that they found an upper right position relative to the target easier to maintain as an eccentric vantage point and fixation maps showed that the majority of fixations were located there. The durations of correct -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 469 Journal Article Bertol, D. 1996 HITL 466 Leonardo 2 87-94 Architecture of Images: An Investigation of Architectural Representations and the Visual Perception of Three-Dimensional Space 29 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 470 Patent Bettinger, D.S. USA 1989 HITL 652 Spectacle-Mounted Ocular Display Apparatus -1 -1 February 21,1989 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 471 Journal Article Bezerra, S.; Cherruault, Y.; Caron, A. 1993 Mathematical Computer Modelling 12 pp. 49-58 An x-Model for Visual Perception 17 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 472 Generic Bhat, R.R.; Gauchel, J.; Van Wyk, S.; Asada, T.; Bounds, N.; Duerig, P.; Swonger, R. 1993 HITL 1371 1-21 Communication in Cooperative Building Design -1 -1 Draft Paper 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 473 Conference Proceedings Bhatti, P.; Hannaford, B.; Marbot, P. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE- The International Society for Optical Engineering - Telemanipulator Technology 2-8 Microscopic Pick and Place Teleoperation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 474 Journal Article Bible, S.R.; Zyda, M.; Brutzman, D. -1 HITL 1251 Using Spread-Spectrum Ranging Techniques for Position Tracking in a Virtual Environment -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 475 Report Bibona, R.; Potter, J. 1996 HITL 645 3-D Real White Paper for SIGGRAPH 96: Databases and What Affects 3D Performance Metrics -1 -1 July 29, 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 476 Generic Bick, F.A. Albuquerque, NM 1993 HITL 770 3 1-16 Technologies Tomorrow 1 -1 -1 November 1993 Newsletter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 477 Conference Proceedings Bier, E.A. 1986 HITL 1411 ACM 1986 Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics 183-196 Skitters and Jacks: Interactive 3D Positioning Tools -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 478 Conference Proceedings Bierschwale, J.; Sampaio, C.; Stuart, M.; Smith, R. Santa Monica, CA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: human-factors. man-machine-systems. robots. telecontrol.Identifiers: voice control. man machine systems. human factors. telecontrol. camera functions. telerobotic task. manual control. remote manipulator. voice input. 134-138 Speech Versus Manual Control of Camera Functions During a Telerobotic Task Abstract: Voice input for control of camera functions was investigated. Objectives were to: (1) assess the feasibility of a voice-commanded camera control system; and (2) identify factors that differ between voice and manual control of camera functions. Subjects participated in a remote manipulation task that required extensive camera-aided viewing. Each subject was exposed to two conditions, voice and manual input, with a counterbalanced administration order. Voice input was found to be significantly slower than manual input for this task. However, in terms of remote manipulator performance errors and subject preference, there was no difference between modalities. Voice control of continuous camera functions is not recommenced. It is believed that the use of voice input for discrete functions, such as m -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 479 -1 speech input -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 480 Conference Proceedings Bille, J.F.; grim, B.; Liang, J.; Mueller, K. 1989 HITL 1040 SPIE New Methods in Microscopy and Low Light Imaging 417-425 Imaging of the Retinal by Scanning Laser Tomography -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 481 Generic Billinghurst, M.; Savage, J.; Oppenheimer, P.; Edmond, C. -1 HITL 372 No Publication Found The Expert Surgical Assistant: An Intelligent Virtual Environment with Multimodal Input -1 -1 Journal Paper Format 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 482 Magazine Article Billinghurst, M. Virtual Reality Special Report 1995 HITL 145 21-26 Do You See What I See? -1 -1 Spring 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 483 Conference Proceedings Bingham, S. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 7-8 Cyberspace Compass -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 484 Journal Article Binkley, T. 1989 HITL 527 Leonardo 13-20 The Wizard of Ethereal Pictures and Virtual Places 22 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 485 Journal Article Biocca, F. 1992 HITL 483 Journal of Communcation 4 23-71 Virtual Reality Technology: A Tutorial 42 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 486 Journal Article Biocca, F. 1992 Journal of Communication 4 pp. 3-21 Communication Within Virtual Reality: Creating a Space for Research 42 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 487 Journal Article Biocca, F. 1992 HITL 1535 Journal of Communication 4 5-22 Communication Within Virtual Reality: Creating a Space For Research 42 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 488 Report Birchfield, M. 1987 Librarianship 600 Bibliographic instruction: programs, content, and methodology -1 -1 Winter 1987 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 489 Report Birman, K. P.; Cooper, R.; Gleeson, B. 1991 Ithaca, NY distributed computing. fault-tolerance. Isis. process groups. virtual synchrony. causal multicast. atomic broadcast. TR 91-1257 Design Alternatives for Process Group Membership and Multicast -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 490 Conference Proceedings Bishop, G.; Fuchs, H. 1984 1984 Conference on Advanced Research in VLSI, MIT 65-73 The Self-Tracker: A Smart Optical Sensor on Silicon -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 491 Magazine Article Bishop, G.; Monger, M.; Ramsey, P. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 1990 HITL 1346 50-58 Multicomputing: A Visualization Programming Environment for Multicomputers -1 -1 July 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 492 Newspaper Article Bishop, K. Seattle Post-Intelligencer Seattle, WA, USA 1992 Sex of the Future: Just You and Your Space Age Electronic Gadget -1 -1 November 11, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 493 Conference Proceedings Bishop, G.; Fuchs, H.; McMillan, L.; Zagier, E. J. S. New York, NY 1994 ACM Computer Graphics Proceedings. Annual Conference Series 1994. SIGGRAPH 94 Conference Proceedings buffer-storage. computer-graphic-equipment. display-devices. image-sequences. random-processes. rendering-computer-graphics. frameless rendering. double-buffered displays. interactivity. computer-user coupling. computation budget. most recent input. pixel computation. view. object positions. random pixel updating. image tearing. image sequences. continuous movement. motion blur. simulation. randomized sampling. coherence properties. independent ray tracing. 175-176 Frameless rendering: double buffering considered harmful The use of double-buffered displays, in which the previous image is displayed until the next image is complete, can impair the interactivity of systems that require tight coupling between the human user and the computer. We are experimenting with an alternate rendering strategy that computes each pixel based on the most recent input (i.e. view and object positions) and immediately updates the pixel on the display. We avoid the image tearing normally associated with single-buffered displays by randomizing the order in which pixels are updated. The resulting image sequences give the impression of moving continuously, with a rough approximation of motion blur, rather than jerking between discrete positions. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of this frameless rendering method with a simulation that shows conventional double-buffering side-by-side with frameless rendering. Both methods are allowed the same computation budget, but the double-buffered display only updates after all pixels are computed -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 494 Journal Article Bisson, A. E. 1981 auditory localization 143-157 Pattern Recognition in Ocean Acoustics none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 495 Conference Proceedings Bittner, A.; Byers, J.; Hill, S.; Zaklad, A.; Christ, R. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: human-factors. military-computing.Identifiers: operator workload ratings. human factors. mobile air defense system. generic mission scenarios. candidate-selection field evaluation. NASA TLX. SWAT. workload in VR 1476-1479 Generic Workload Ratings of a Mobile Air Defense System (LOS-F-H) Abstract: Operator workload (OWL) scales were used to obtain ratings of generic mission scenarios and tasks for a mobile air defense missile system (LOS-F-H) following a candidate-selection field evaluation. NASA TLX, SWAT, overall workload (OW), and the modified Cooper-Harper (MCH) ratings were obtained from both crew and subject matter experts (SMEs). The findings are discussed in the context of a methodology for assessing OWL. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 496 Journal Article Bjorn-Andersen, N. 1988 The Computer Journal computer-science. human-factors. human factors. human endeavour. research. intellectual capabilities. human objectives. Scandinavian Model. 5 386-390 Are 'Human Factors' Human? 31 Does the research and development discipline called 'human factors in computer systems' really contribute to what could be called 'human endeavour'? The majority of research and development effort seems to fall down with respect to this question because it takes technology as its starting point. At the moment all we are doing is to adapt the technology to the known 'so-called' 'human weaknesses' in order to reduce the resistance to using the technology, rather than providing a technology which will help to liberate the intellectual capabilities of human beings. The paper addresses the question by discussing first what should be understood by human objectives, then appraising the limits of present theories, methods, outlines and applications (which give an understanding of the limits of technology in its present form) and proposes a research/development project based on a 'Scandinavian Model' which is a move towards developing technology for attaining true human values. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 497 Magazine Article Black, W.E. -1 HITL 366 Virtual Reality: I'm Pedaling as Fast as I Can -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 498 Conference Proceedings Blades, M. -1 The Development of the Abilities Required to Understand Spatial Representations -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 499 Conference Proceedings Blades, M. -1 The Development of Wayfinding Abilities -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 500 Patent Blaha, E.; Gaida, G. USA 1992 HITL 659 Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung Confocal Laser-Scanning Opthalmoscope -1 -1 November 3, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 501 Journal Article Blaker, J.W. 1980 HITL 1066 Journal of the Optical Society of America 2 220-223 Toward an Adaptive Model of the Eye 70 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 502 Magazine Article Blanchard, C.; Burgess, S.; Harvill, Y. Computer Graphics 1990 2 pp. 35-36 Reality Built for Two: A Virtual Reality Tool 24 -1 -1 March 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 503 Newspaper Article Blangger, T. Seattle Times Seattle, WA 1997 HITL 1197 Want to go to Mars? Visit Outer Space Via Cyberspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 504 Book Section Blauert, J.; Bodden, M.; Miyoshi, M.; Slatky, H. Blue Booklet -1 HITL 245 chapter 6, 1-43 Research-Area Overview: Binaural Hearing -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 505 Magazine Article Blinn, J. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications 1993 2 pp. 17-23 NTSC: Nice Technology, Super Color 13 -1 -1 March 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 506 Magazine Article Bloembergen, N. Physical Review 1993 HITL 87 10 28-31 Physical Review Records the Birth of the Laser Era 46 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 507 Conference Proceedings Bluethmann, B.; Unruh, S.; Faddis, T.; Barr, B. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The Internatiional Society for Optical Engineering - Telemanipulator Technology computational-geometry. control-engineering-computing. man-machine-systems. path-planning. robots. solid-modelling. telecontrol. trees-mathematics. collision avoidance system. force reflecting telerobot. Kansas Augmented Telerobotics Laboratory. master/slave system. obstacle model. slave model. KATL world model. constructive solid geometry. octree representation. Arcnet LAN. 308-316 A World Model Based Collision Avoidance System for a Force Reflecting Telerobot A world model collision avoidance system has been developed in the Kansas Augmented Telerobotics Laboratory (KATL) at the University of Kansas. Collision avoidance is implemented on a Kraft Telerobotics master/slave system. The two primary components of the system discussed are the building the obstacle model and the scheme for the distributed sampling of the obstacle model by the slave model. The system runs in real-time on a PC-AT platform. The collision avoidance system samples the location of objects in the slave's surroundings from the KATL world model. The system then converts a simplified constructive solid geometry representation of the world model into the octree representation of the obstacle model. The world model represents objects with variable amounts of detail. This allows the user to select the amount of detail that is passed the collision avoidance system, which leads directly to the amount of detail in the obstacle model. At run time, the future position of the slave is predicte -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 508 Journal Article Blundell, B.; Schwarz, A.; Horrell, D. 1993 Engineering Science and Education Journal pp. 196-200 Volumetric Three-Dimensional Display Systems: Their Past, Present and Future October 1993 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 509 Magazine Article Boesjes, E. M. CADENCE 1991 architecture. 47-50, 70 Looking back -- it wasn't always a virtual world -1 -1 Aug 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 510 Conference Proceedings Bohm, H.; Schreyer, H.; Schranner, R. Bellingham, WA, USA 1991 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Large-Screen-Projection, Avionic, and Helmet-Mounted Displays Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. display-devices. electronic-equipment-testing. optical-variables-measurement.Identifiers: IR camera. TV camera. helicopters. display testing. helmet mounted sights. helmet mounted displays. integrated helmets. CRTs. binocular images. image intensifier tubes. resolution. distortion. homogeneity. brightness. luminance. test pattern. head fit. earphone. centre of gravity. weight. man-machine system. 95-123 Helmet Mounted Sight and Display Testing Abstract: The results of tests of helmet mounted sights (HMS) and helmet mounted displays (HMD) are presented. To compare the accuracy of the different HMS-systems (on magnetic, acoustic or optical basis) a test procedure for verification had to be developed. Modern integrated helmets (IH) consist of CRTs for displaying binocular images of TV-or infrared-cameras and superimposed symbology and a second channel with image intensifier tubes (IIT). Important points for checking CRTs are the resolution, distortion, homogeneity and brightness in day- and night-time. The most important test for the IIT-channel is the resolution measured as a function of luminance of the test pattern. Tests of the basic helmet regarding head fit, earphone, centre of gravity, weight etc. are also necessary because these properties have -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 511 -1 hardware -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 512 Conference Proceedings Boies, S.; Gould, J.; Greene, S.; Bennett, W. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting interactive-systems. software-tools. user-interfaces. computer application testing. rapid application development system. ITS. user interface styles. run-time environment. 1142 A Demonstration of ITS--A Rapid Application Development System for User Interfaces Summary form only given. ITS is a system which quickly prototypes user interfaces in computer applications, greatly reduces the workload in designing, implementing, testing computer applications, and ensures consistent, well-tested user interface styles. It provides software tools for user interface and application development, and a run-time environment for application execution. It separates the style of an application from its content, and allows the experts and programmers in the fields of style and content each to concentrate on his own area of skill. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 513 Conference Proceedings Bolas, M.; Fisher, S. Bellingham, WA, USA 1990 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Stereoscopic Displays and Applications 113-123 Head-Coupled Remote Stereoscopic Camera System for Telepresence Applications -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 514 Conference Proceedings Bolas, M. T. Houston, TX 1993 NASA Proceedings of the 1993 Conference on Intelligent Computer-Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology Practical VR: five years of lessons learned -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 515 Journal Article Bolas, M. T. 1994 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications human-factors. interactive-devices. three-dimensional-displays. user-interfaces. immersive display. human factors. telepresence camera system. Virtual Environment Workstation. image-generation. Fakespace BOOM. Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor. counterbalanced displays. 1 55-59 Human factors in the design of an immersive display 14 In 1988 Fakespace began building a telepresence camera system for the Virtual Environment Workstation (View) project at NASA Ames Research Center. The complete system combined a teleoperated camera platform and 3D viewing system. Fakespace has installed descendents of this system for day-to-day use in environments ranging from research laboratories to office cubicles. By observing how people use image-generation and viewing technologies, we have evaluated the human factors involved in building and deploying effective immersive visualization systems. This article describes the application of these factors in the design of the Fakespace BOOM (Binocular Omni-Orientation Monitor). The Fakespace BOOM represents a class of immersive display devices known as counterbalanced displays. The choices that led to the design of this device apply to the design of many types of immersive displays. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 516 Journal Article Boman, D.K. 1995 HITL 46 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 6 57-65 International Survey: Virtual-Environment research 28 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 517 Conference Proceedings Bonar, J. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 9-10 Proposal for the First Conference on Cyberspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 518 Magazine Article Bond, J. Photonics Spectra 1993 HITL 1134 95-100 Changing Technologies Point IR Imaging to Real-World Problems -1 -1 July 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 519 Journal Article Bonner, J.V.H.; Pearce, B. 1990 Displays Subject: cathode-ray-tube-displays. human-factors. interactive-terminals. man-machine-systems.Identifiers: VDT. human factors. visual displays. research. human-computer interaction. Human Sciences and Advanced Technology Research Institute. Loughborough University of Technology. none 157-159 Human Factors and Visual Displays Abstract: A review is presented of the research activities undertaken at one of Europe's largest independent centres specializing in human-computer interaction, the Human Sciences and Advanced Technology Research Institute, part of Loughborough University of Technology. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 520 Journal Article Bordegoni, M.; Hemmje, M. 1993 Computer Graphics Forum computer-graphics. interactive-devices. user-interfaces. 3D based user interfaces. force input devices. hand input device. 3D graphical application. dynamic gesture language. hand gestures. feedback. 3 C1-C11 A dynamic gesture language and graphical feedback for interaction in a 3D user interface 12 In user interfaces of modern systems, users get the impression of directly interacting with application objects. In 3D based user interfaces, novel input devices, like hand and force input devices, are being introduced. The authors describe the use of a hand input device for interacting with a 3D graphical application. A dynamic gesture language, which allows users to teach some hand gestures, is presented. Furthermore, a user interface integrating the recognition of these gestures and providing feedback for them, is introduced. Particular attention has been spent on implementing a tool for easy specification of dynamic gestures, and on strategies for providing graphical feedback to users' interactions. To demonstrate that the introduced 3D user interface features, and the way the system presents graphical feedback, are not restricted to a hand input device, a force input device has also been integrated into the user interface. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 521 Journal Article Borner, R. 1993 Displays Subject: flat-panel-displays. three-dimensional-displays.Identifiers: front projection. rear projection. flat panel displays. spatial images. lenticular screens. panoramic parallax stereograms. screen structure. light-valve. video projection. lenticular screen. rastered images. overhead projectors. electroluminescence display. two-channel systems. 1 39-45 Autostereoscopic 3D-imaging by Front and Rear Projection and on Flat Panel Displays 14 Abstract: Autostereoscopic photographic and video systems for taking and projecting spatial images onto large lenticular screens in order to create panoramic parallax stereograms have been developed at the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut in Berlin, Germany. Camera and projection units were conceived and built, the optical conditions of the screen structure improved, and a 24-channel projection system for slides was installed, leading to a future light-valve type for video projection. The application of the lenticular screen method to rear projection and flat panel displays was also investigated, using the rastered images of video and overhead projectors and an electroluminescence display. Although the resolution of currently available equipment for these systems is only adequate for two-channel systems, the equip -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 522 Magazine Article Borsook, P. Iris Universe -1 HITL 277 18-23 Staking a Claim 30 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 523 Journal Article Bortolussi, M.; Kantowitz, B.; Hart, S. 1986 Applied Ergonomics Subject Major: AIRCRAFT-PILOTS. FLIGHT-SIMULATION. WORK-LOAD.Subject Minor: PERFORMANCE. PREDICTION. METHODOLOGY. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: 2- & 4-choice RT vs time production tasks vs retrospective multidimensional subjective ratings vs in-flight verbal work load estimates in hard vs easy scenario, prediction & measurement of workload, male pilots in GAT-I motion base trainer. 4 278-283 Measuring Pilot Workload in a Motion Base Trainer 17 Abstract: Compared methods of predicting and measuring pilot workload, using 12 male pilots and a GAT-1 trainer. Two scenarios with different levels of difficulty were designed to test a visual 2- and a 4-choice reaction time (RT) task, time production, retrospective multidimensional subjective ratings, and in-flight verbal workload estimates. All 4 techniques were able to distinguish between the overall levels of scenario complexity. Three secondary tasks and workload ratings obtained in-flight were generally able to distinguish among levels of difficulty for different segments within the scenarios. Results show that the insertion of secondary tasks does not significantly affect flight performance. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1987 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 524 Patent Bosserman, D.A. USA 1982 HITL 646 The United States of America, as Represented by the Secretary of the Army, Washington, D.C. High Luminance Miniature Display -1 -1 November 30, 1982 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 525 Journal Article Boswell, D.L.; Pickett, J.A. 1991 HITL 609 Journal of Mental Imagery 3&4 33-43 A Study of the Internal Consistency and Factor Structure of the Verbalizer-Visualizer Questionaire 15 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 526 Journal Article Botez, D.; Ettenberg, M. 1979 IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 8 1230-1238 Comparison of surface- and edge-emitting LED's for use in fiber-optical communications ED-26 Paper concludes that edge emitters are preferred to surface emitters for optical data rates above 20 Mbits/s. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 527 Journal Article Botez, D. 1985 IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 11 pp. 1752-1755 Array-Mode Far-Field Patterns for Phase-Locked Diode-Laser Arrays: Coupled-Mode Theory Versus Simple Diffraction Theory QE-21 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 528 Report Boudreaux, J. C. -1 U.S. Department of Commerce Manufacturing Intelligently: Toward a Consensus View of Advanced Manufacturing -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 529 Conference Proceedings Boulette, M. Santa Monica, CA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: display-instrumentation. human-factors. user-interfaces.Identifiers: classification strategy. diagnostic decision task. system state uncertainty. data reliability. display formats. process control system. uncertainty 1456-1463 The Effect of Display Format and Classification Strategy on a Diagnostic Decision Task Abstract: Evaluates the effect of system state uncertainty and data reliability on a diagnostic decision task when system data was presented in three different display formats (digital, bargraph and configural). Properties of an actual process control system were simulated in the experiment by varying both system state uncertainty and data reliability. Classification strategy emerged as a major determinant of classification performance across display conditions. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 530 Journal Article Bowers, D. 1993 Engineering Design Graphics Journal 3 26-30 Trends and techniques in imaging science 57 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 531 Generic Bowne, D.; Donahoe, S. SIMITAR Team CSS World Wide Web -1 HITL 1239 Welcome to the Combat Service Support and Individual Training Home Page for DARPA's SIMITAR Project -1 -1 Printout of Web Page 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 532 Magazine Article Bowskill, J.; Downie, J. Computer Graphics 1995 HITL 360 61-65 Extending the Capabilities of the Human Visual System: An Introduction to Enhanced Reality -1 -1 May 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 533 Generic Bowskill, J.; Downie, J. 1995 HITL 1463 1-22 A Taxonomy of Reality Enhancement -1 -1 October Paper submitted to Presence 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 534 Book Section Boyer, M. C. Assemblage 18 Cambridge, MA 1992 MIT Press architecture. 115-127 The imaginary real world of CyberCities -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 535 Newspaper Article Brachtl, B. Journal American 1990 Bricken, M and W. HITL. C1, C9 In search of virtual reality -1 -1 May 6, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 536 Magazine Article Brachtl, B. Journal American 1990 on-line document Let's zip into the future, maybe 10, maybe 20 years -1 -1 May 4, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 537 Newspaper Article Bradsher, Keith New York Times New York, NY 1994 flat-panel computer display D1, D6 Pentagon tests new policy in subsidizing an industry -1 -1 April 28, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 538 Magazine Article Brady, D. -1 HITL 571 56 Virtual Virtuosity -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 539 Conference Proceedings Braman, S. Banff 1994 HITL 525 4CyberConf 1-17 Economies of and Within Cyberspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 540 Journal Article Brammer, A.; Verrillo, R. 1988 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 5 pp. 1940-1941 Tactile Sensory Changes in Hands Occupationally Exposed to Vibration 84 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 541 Journal Article Brandimonte, M.A.; Hitch, G.J.; Bishop, D.V.M. 1992 HITL 619 Journal of Experimental Psychology 1 157-165 Influence of Short-Term Memory Codes on Visual Image Processing: Evidence from Image Transformation Tasks 18 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 542 Magazine Article Brannon, C. PC Gamer 1996 HITL 474 100-106 Gaming in the 3rd Dimension -1 -1 February 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 543 Magazine Article Branwyn, G. The Futurist 1990 45 Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 544 Generic Breathed, B. -1 HITL 805 Outland (cartoon) -1 -1 Cartoon 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 545 Patent Breglia, D.R.; Lobb, D.R.; Spooner, A.M. USA 1984 HITL 604 The United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, Washington, D.C. Helmet Mounted Display Projector -1 -1 March 27, 1984 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 546 Journal Article Breitenecker, F. 1992 Mathematics and Computers in Simulation Subject: digital-simulation. simulation-languages. standards.Identifiers: analytical methods. simulation systems structure. CSSL-standard. simulation languages. quasi-standardization. models. methods. experiments. HYBSYS. symbolic methods. 3-4 simulation pp. 231-260 Models, Methods, and Experiments--A New Structure for Simulation Systems 34 Abstract: In 1968, the CSSL-standard for simulation languages was introduced determining the structure of simulation languages, too. In the following years, Zeigler (1976, 1981) proposed new structures which became a quasi-standardization. In this contribution an extension of these structures is introduced: the concept of models, methods and experiments. This concept adds the level of 'methods' to the model level and the experiment level. The advantage of this new concept is shown within the simulation system HYBSYS, which extensively uses this new structure. This concept also allows one to introduce parallel concepts independent of actual models and to implement analytical and symbolic methods. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 547 Journal Article Breneman, E.J. 1987 HITL 1130 Journal of the Optical Society of America 6 1115-1129 Corresponding Chromaticities for Different States of Adaptation to Complex Visual Fields 4 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 548 Book Brennan, S. 1990 Addison-Wesley Publishing Inc. 393-404 The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design Conversation as Direct Manipulation: An Iconoclastic View Laurel, B. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 549 Conference Proceedings Brennan, P. 1991 CHI '91 369-372 Should we or shouldn't we use spoken commands in voice interfaces? -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 550 Journal Article Brennan, J. P.; Brennan, J. A. 1994 Virtual Reality Systems medical - medicine 3 24-27 Virtual reality in the delivery room 1 High-performance computer resources for the delivery room of the Future Project (DRF) -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 551 Magazine Article Bressi, T. Planning 1995 HITL 271 16-20 The Real Thing? We're Getting There -1 -1 July 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 552 Magazine Article Bricken, W. Mondo 2000 -1 HITL 229 56-59 Cyberspace 1999: The Shell, The Image, and Now the Meat -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 553 Report Bricken, M. -1 HITL Literature in March Symposium: Redefinition of gender: gender and technology. Gender issues in "virtual reality" technology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 554 Report Bricken, M. -1 HITL Students in Virtual Reality: A Pilot Study -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 555 Report Bricken, M. -1 HITL The Virtual Classroom -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 556 Report Bricken, M. -1 HITL educational theory, pedagogical practice, cost, usability, fear Virtual reality learning environments: potentials and challenges -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 557 Report Bricken, W. M. -1 HITL Hand-drawn packet The Connecting Edge (from a tribal village to a global village) -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 558 Conference Proceedings Bricken, W. -1 Second International Conference on Cyberspace Extended Abstract: A Formal Foundation for Cyberspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 559 Conference Proceedings Bricken, W.; Coco, G. -1 The VEOS Project -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 560 Journal Article Bricken, W.; Jacobson, L. -1 Virtual Reality Special Report HITL. VEOS. 55-58 Virtual Environment Operating System -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 561 Report Bricken, M. 1988 HITL 228 Autodesk Metaphors in Computer Technology -1 -1 March 24, 1988 Unpublished Class Presentation 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 562 Generic Bricken, W. 1988 HITL 1408 Handwritten - appears to be presentation notes Mathematica Exposed -1 -1 September 1 Presentation for Autodesk Forum? 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 563 Journal Article Bricken, M. 1989 ACADS Quarterly 61 20-21 Cyberspace: a mind-blowing trip into artificial reality The Autodesk Research Lab is exploring a new interface and modelling technology for CAD called cyberspace. The idea is to create a CAD working environment that simulates reality, and then to immerse the user in that virtual reality. Cyberspace is intended to provide the tools for constructing and interacting with these models as if they were real. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 564 Generic Bricken, W. 1989 HITL 1407 Handwritten - appears to be notes for a presentation Fracturtles: Pictures That Compute -1 -1 March 23 Presentation for Autodesk Lab? 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 565 Conference Proceedings Bricken, M. Seattle, WA 1990 HITL Artificial Life Conference and DEC VR Lab Visit Conference summary. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 566 Report Bricken, M. 1990 HITL HITL-M-90-9 Building the VSX Demonstration: Operations with Virtual Aircraft in Virtual Space -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 567 Report Bricken, M. 1990 HITL HITL-M-90-7 Extended Abstract: Complexity, Ambiguity, and Learning in FiberSpace Discusses the impact that FiberSpace can have on both the form and content of education, and on the way people perceive and interact with information in cyberspace. -1 -1 Nov 22, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 568 Conference Proceedings Bricken, M. Austin, TX, USA 1990 HITL 773 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace Hold abstract and entire work. 11-13 Virtual Worlds: No Interface to Design... -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 569 Report Bricken, M. 1990 HITL HITL-M-90-8 The Virtual Conference Room: A Shared Environment for Remote Collaboration To demonstrate an inclusive computer-mediated context in which collaborative team members in remote locations can come together to discuss, view, and manipulate information in real time, including design, redesign and testing of three-dimensional representations. -1 -1 Oct 10, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 570 Report Bricken, W. 1990 HITL 335 HITL Coordination of Multiple Patrons in Virtual Space: Preliminary Notes -1 -1 April 20, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 571 Report Bricken, W. 1990 HITL on-line document. pre-edited. Description of Objectives and Activities of the Human Inteface Technology Laboratory -1 -1 April 11, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 572 Report Bricken, W. 1990 HITL Design Fragments hand-drawn packet -1 -1 February 6, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 573 Report Bricken, W. 1990 HITL Learning in virtual reality. Virtual reality (VR) refers to a new computational paradigm that fundementally redefines the interface between humans and computers. Paradigm shifts change totally the way we think about a technology. What follows is a brief redefinition of the computer revolution. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 574 Report Bricken, W. 1990 University of Washington Virtual reality: directions for growth Notes from the SIGGRAPH '90 Panel -1 -1 Sept 10, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 575 Conference Proceedings Bricken, W. 1990 HITL 185 Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility DIAC 90 Directions and Implications for Advanced Computing 265-267 Virtual Reality, as Unreal as it Gets -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 576 Generic Bricken, M.; Furness, T.A. III 1990 HITL 86 No Publication Found 1-24 Virtual Reality: The Second Generation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 577 Conference Proceedings Bricken, M. 1990 HITL 336 The First Conference on Cyberspace Draft Copy of Paper, Prepublished Virtual Worlds: No Interface to Design -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 578 Report Bricken, M. 1991 HITL HITL-M-91-1 Inclusive Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 579 Report Bricken, M. 1991 HITL Pacific Science Center Technology Academy at HITL -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 580 Report Bricken, W. 1991 HITL Steps Toward a HITL Technical Organization Working document from on-line internal. A HITL Map: "...an attempt to create the HITL Intentional Hamiltonian, the position and momentum matrix of our parts, the trajectory of each participant and project through space-time." -1 -1 April 11, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 581 Report Bricken, W. 1991 HITL handout An overview of the Human Interface Technology Laboratory -1 -1 9/24/91 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 582 Report Bricken, W. 1991 HITL Mathematical foundations of cyberspace handout. -1 -1 9/24/91 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 583 Report Bricken, M. 1991 Human Interface Technology Laboratory A description of the virtual reality learning environment HITL -1 -1 9/24/91 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 584 Report Bricken, W. 1992 HITL VEOS Design Goals -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 585 Report Bricken, W.; Pezely, D.; Evenson, M.; Almquist, M. 1993 HITL Computer-communication networks. special purpose and application based systems. software engineering. operating systems. data structures. database management. information systems applications. artificial intelligence. computer graphics. implementation design. virtual environment platform. artificial intelligence tools. Common Lisp. complete source code to be made public. Submitted to SIGGRAPH 91 and was returned requesting future resubmission with implemention experiences. A Second Step Towards Virtual Reality: The Entity Model and System Design -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 586 Report Bricken, W.; Winn, W. 1993 HITL Algebra. Computer-Assisted-Instruction. Instructional-Design. Learning-Strategies. Mathematics-Instruction.Subject Minor: Elementary-Secondary-Education. Learning-Theories. Spatial-Ability. Symbols-MathematicsIdentifiers: Constructivism. Examples. Knowledge-Representation. Virtual-Reality In Educational Technology, Dec l992, pp. 12-18. Designing Virtual Worlds for Use in Mathematics Education: The Example of Experiential Algebra Discussion of the use of virtual reality (VR) to help students learn highlights the use of VR with elementary algebra. Learning theory is examined, including knowledge construction; knowledge representation is discussed, including the symbol systems of algebra; and spatial algebra is described and illustrated. (34 references) -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 587 Conference Proceedings Brickner, M.S.; Foyle, D.C. Santa Monica, CA 1990 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society - 34th Annual Meeting 1567-1571 Field of View Effects on a Simulated Flight Task with Head-Down and Head-Up Sensor Imagery Displays When pilots fly an aircraft with sensor imagery rather than direct vision, their instataneous field of view (FOV) is restricted severely. This limitation has been identified as a major human factors problem in aviation and has fostered efforts to develop displays with much wider FOVs than are currently available. Two experiments are reported investigating FOV effects in simulated flights with sensor imagery appearing on a Head-Down Display (HDD) and a Head-Up Display (HUD). The outside world was viewed via a simulated sensor image with a 25, 40, or 55 deg FOV, while the surrounding world was dark and provided no additional information. The subjects' task was to fly a slalom course without hitting the pylons or missing the intervals between pylons. The results indicate significant effects of FOV on both hits and misses for both the HDD and the HUD. In addition, performance was significantly affected by the speed of flying and the level of training. With the narrow FOV, subjects flew closer to the -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 588 -1 depth cues - FOV and performance -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 589 Conference Proceedings Brickner, M.; Zvuloni, A. Santa Monica, CA 1993 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting target acquisition 137-141 The Effect of Polarity on Object Recognition in Thermal Images nonePAMAM Human Factor Engineering Ltd., IsraelSanta Monica, CA, USAHuman Factors and Ergonomics Society -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 590 Conference Proceedings Bridges, A.; Reising, J. Bellingham, WA, USA 1987 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - True 3D Imaging Techniques and Display Technologies depth cues 102-111 Three-Dimensional Stereographic Pictorial Visual Interfaces and Display Systems in Flight Simulation noneLockheed-Georgia Co. and Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 591 Conference Proceedings Bridges, A. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Sensors and Sensor Systems for Guidance and Navigation II Subject: aerospace-computing. aircraft-instrumentation. computer-graphics. computerised-instrumentation. display-instrumentation. image-processing. military-equipment. parallel-architectures.Identifiers: tactical aircraft. airborne 3D computer image generation. modular avionics. secondary storage. architecture. BIT/fault tolerance. real-time operating systems. graphic interface languages. Ada. geometric/pixel processing. multiplexing. sensor video. graphics overlays. head-down AMLCD flat panels. helmet-mounted display. head-up display. parallel graphics generation. anti-aliasing. transparency. shading. motion. reliability. 238-248 Advanced Airborne 3D Computer Image Generation Systems Technologies for the Year 2000 Abstract: An airborne 3D computer image generation system (CIGS) is a modular avionics box that receives commands from and send status information to other avionics units. The CIGS maintains a large amount of data in secondary storage systems and simultaneously drives several display units. Emerging requirements for CIGS include advanced avionics system architecture requirements and BIT/fault tolerance; real-time operating systems and graphic interface languages in Ada; and geometric/pixel processing functions, rendering system, and frame buffers/display controllers for pictorial displays. Podded sensors (FLIR, LLTV, radar, etc.) require multiplexing of high-resolution sensor video with graphics overlays. A combination of head-down AMLCD flat panels, helmet-mounted display (HMD), and head-up display (HUD) requires hi -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 592 -1 information display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 593 Report Briefs, NASA Tech -1 HITL 988 Ames Research Center ARC-12160 Helmet-Mounted Display for Simulation of Flight -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 594 Report Briefs, NASA Tech -1 John F. Kennedy Space Center KSC-11581 Pulse-Modulation Scheme for Voice and Telemetry -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 595 Book Briefs, NASA Tech Moffett Field, CA, USA -1 Ames Research Center workload in VR Technical Support Package for Helmet-Mounted Display for Simulation of Flight none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 596 Journal Article Briefs, NASA Tech 1993 NASA Tech Briefs 43-44 Laboratory for telerobotic repair May 1993 The performance of a robot and a human operator are measured in specific tasks. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 597 Journal Article Briefs, NASA Tech 1994 NASA Tech Briefs 16-17 Mission accomplished January 1994 Through the technology transfer process, many of the systems, methods, and products pioneered by NASA are reapplied in the private sector, obviating duplicate research and making a broad range of new products and services available to the public. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 598 Magazine Article Briggs, J.C. The Futurist 1996 HITL 62 5 13-18 The Promise of Virtual Reality 30 -1 -1 September/October 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 599 Journal Article Brill, L. 1992 Computer Graphics World 4 p.48 Facing Interface Issues; Special Report 15 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 600 Journal Article Brill, L. 1993 Computer Graphics World 6 pp. 40-53 Kicking the Tires of VR Software 16 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 601 Magazine Article Brill, L. M. Virtual Reality World 1993 computer-games. entertainment. virtual-reality. interactive media. entertainment. theme parks. shopping malls. arcade centers. head-mounted display. 41-49 Looking glass playgrounds hit the entertainment bullseye As virtual reality makes its mark as an interactive media format, the entertainment community continues to embrace its potential as the "wunderkind attraction" for theme parks, shopping malls, location-based entertainment, and arcade centers. The greatest indicators of VR's progress is the continual improvements in virtual reality components, the expansion of gaming environments, and the proliferation of new companies involved in designing virtual reality attractions. One specific improvement is the head-mounted display. The author discusses the success of existing virtual reality entertainment centres. -1 -1 Nov/Dec 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 602 Journal Article Brill, L. 1993 Virtual Reality World 1 pp. q-s Metaphors for the Traveling Cybernaut 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 603 Magazine Article Brill, L.M. Virtual Reality World 1994 HITL 574 12-17 The Networked VR Museum: Where Art Meets Cyberspace -1 -1 January/February 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 604 Magazine Article Brill, L. M. Virtual Reality World 1994 The round up of VR world design cyberware is completed with some speculation about how and where VR will emerge in the consumer marketplace. Ultimately, VR is about communicating between highly sophisticated computer interfaces to access information from experiential and interactive points of view. Entertainment, education, travel, health-soon these will all be VR software categories waiting for user participation. Designing, Authoring, and Toolkit Cyber Software educational-computing. entertainment. medical-computing. travel-industry. virtual-reality.cyber software. VR world design cyberware. consumer marketplace. entertainment. education. travel. health. software categories. -1 -1 July 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 605 Magazine Article Brill, L.M. AV Video 1995 HITL 263 7 S-12 - S-16 From Viewing to Doing 17 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 606 Magazine Article Brill, L. M. DV 1995 5 32-42 Somewhere Over the Rainbow: Creating Virtual Realities 3 -1 -1 March 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 607 Conference Proceedings Brillhart, W.; Sethi, I. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing VI 168-175 Efficient Algorithm for Centroid Calculation for Multiple Target Tracking -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 608 Conference Proceedings Brilliant, B.; Hinckley, K. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas, Austin The First Conference on Cyberspace pp. 14-15 Cybernet: An Extensible Communications Protocol for Networked Cyberspace Decks -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 609 Journal Article Brinkley, J.; Eno, K.; Sundsten, J. 1993 Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 2 131-145 Knowledge-Based Client-Server Approach to Structural Information Retrieval: The Digital Anatomist Browser 40 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 610 Journal Article Brodsky, S.L.; Esquerre, J.; Jackson, R.R. Jr. 1991 HITL 610 Imagination, Cognition and Personality 4 353-360 Dream Consciousness in Problem Solving 10 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 611 Conference Proceedings Brooks, F.P. Jr. 1986 HITL 1435 ACM 1986 Workshop on 3D Graphics 4-1 to 4-9 Walkthrough- A Dynamic Graphics System for Simulating Virtual Buildings -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 612 Conference Proceedings Brooks, F. Jr. New York, NY, USA 1988 ACM CHI '88 Grasping Reality Through Illusion--Interactive Graphics Serving Science -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 613 Conference Proceedings Brooks, F. P. Reading, MA, USA 1988 Soloway, E.; ÊFrye, D.; ÊSheppard, S. Addison-Wesley Fifth Conference on Computers and Human Interaction, CHI '88 Proceedings. force feedback depth cues 1-11 Grasping Reality Through Illusion: Interactive Graphics Serving Science none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 614 Conference Proceedings Brooks, F. P. Jr. New York, NY 1989 ACM Implementing and Interacting with Realtime Microworlds. Course 29 UNC Walkthrough (slide copies) -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 615 Journal Article Brooks, F., Jr.; Ouh-Young, M.; Batter, J. 1990 Computer Graphics 4 pp. 177-185 Project GROPE --Haptic Displays for Scientific Visualization 24 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 616 Report Brooks, F. ; Brownstein, C. ; Furness, T. A., III. ; Holcomb, L. B. ; Lanier, J. 1991 U. S. Government Printing Office Brooks. F. Brownstein, C. Furness, T. A., III. Holcomb, L. B. Lanier, J. S HRG 102-553 New Developments in Computer Technology: Virtual Reality Hearing before the Subcommittee on Science, Technology, and Space of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, First Session. -1 -1 May 8, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 617 Report Brooks, R.A. 1991 HITL 1496 MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory 1293 Intelligence Without Reason -1 -1 April AI Memo 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 618 Report Brooks, F.P. Jr.; Airey, J.; Alspaugh, J.; Bell, A.; Brown, R.; Hill, C.; Nimscheck, U.; Rheingans, P.Rohlf, J.; Smith, D.; Turner, D.; Varshney, A.; Wang, Y.; Weber, H.; Yuan, X. 1992 HITL 565 University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill TR92-026 Walkthrough Project -1 -1 June 1992 Final Technical 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 619 Generic Brooks, F.P. Jr. 1993 HITL 705 The Design of Design -1 -1 December 6, 1993 Presentation Design 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 620 Conference Proceedings Brown, M. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 19 Buildings and Media: The 'Double Helix' of Contact -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 621 Conference Proceedings Brown, C. E.; Swierenga, S. J.; Wellens, A. R. New York, NY 1991 IEEE Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991 economic-and-sociologic-effects. human-factors. man-machine-systems. psychology. user-interfaces. displays. system software. social psychological research. human-computer system design. interpersonal relationships. workstations. feedback. system performance. 793-799 Social psychological metaphors for human-computer system design It is noted that interpersonal relationships progress through specific phases which are affected in predictable ways by variables which are potentially controllable. Social-psychological research in these areas raises important issues to consider when designing human-computer systems. Attention to early human-computer encounters must enhance opportunities for repeated exposures under favorable circumstances. Displays and workstations should be more than functional; they should be attractive, comfortable, and inviting. System software must be relatively easy to learn and use. Building a deeper human-computer relationship requires clear communication which provides accurate, appropriate, and timely feedback. It is concluded that maintaining the human-computer relationship and optimizing system performance will be achieved only through careful consideration of issues related to authority, trust, function allocation, and autonomy. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 622 Conference Proceedings Brown, M.; Hawes, D.; Rigby, C.; Rosner, P. London, UK 1992 IEE IEE Colloquium on 'Computer Graphics Systems' computer-graphic-equipment. workstations. Graphics Interface Layer. SPIRIT workstation. geometry. rendering. rendering speeds. real-time animation. distributed window systems. architecture. 9/1-3 A graphics library to meet the challenge of changing hardware Describes the Graphics Interface Layer (GIL) of the SPIRIT workstation, a multiprocessor high performance workstation currently being developed by a consortium that includes members from four European countries. The graphics subsystem includes special purpose graphics geometry and rendering processors, the GIL providing a transparent software interface to the range of the possible graphics hardware configurations. The GIL provides the foundation both for the implementation of standard window systems, as well as high performance 3D graphics systems. The system is to be capable of rendering speeds which support real-time animation and interaction with 3D scenes. There are a number of application areas ranging from medical imaging at one end of the spectrum to real-time simulation at the other. The system will support the latest standards in distributed window systems and also the graphics standards. It must also be flexible enough to support new software and standards to emerge in the 1990s and also al -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 623 Conference Proceedings Brown, C. 1992 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - High Resolution Displays and Projection Systems Subject: holographic-optical-elements. mechanical-testing. nondestructive-testing. photoelasticity. polymers. stress-measurement.Identifiers: electrostriction switches. electro-optical devices. mechanical testing. photo-elastically active polymer. holographic stress pattern. 193-195 Holographic Electro-Optic Device Abstract: Explained is a proposal for a structure and method of fabricating a holographic electro-optic device (HED) with a hologram whose image can be controlled by applying a voltage. Electrostriction switches a photo-elastically active polymer with a recorded holographic stress pattern. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 624 Conference Proceedings Brown, M. H.; Najork, M. A. New York, NY, USA 1993 ACM Sixth Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. UIST '93. computer-animation. data-visualisation. interactive-systems. software-tools. visual-programming. algorithm animation. 3D interactive graphics. program visualization. black-and-white images. static images. multiple views. history of execution. dynamic three-dimensional graphics. visual programming. 93-100 Algorithm animation using 3D interactive graphics The paper describes a variety of 3D interactive graphics techniques for visualizing programs. The third dimension provides an extra degree of freedom for conveying information, much as color adds to black-and-white images, animation adds to static images, and sound adds to silent animations. The examples presented illustrate three fundamental uses of 3D: for providing additional information about objects that are intrinsically two-dimensional, for uniting multiple views, and for capturing a history of execution. The application of dynamic three-dimensional graphics to program visualization is largely unexplored. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 625 Report Brown, D.J.; Cobb, S.V.G.; Eastgate, R.M. 1993 HITL 1207 Univ. of Nottingham, UK VIRART/93/101 Virtual Reality as a Tool to Teach Makaton Symbols to Children with Learning and Motor Skills Difficulties -1 -1 June Internal 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 626 Conference Proceedings Brown, J. M.; Colgate, J. E. 1994 NASA Conference Publications ISMCR '94: Topical Workshop on Virtual Reality 101-106 Physics-based Approach to Haptic Display Addresses the implementation of complex multiple degree of freedom virtual environments for haptic displays. Suggests that a physics-based approach to rigid body simulation is appropriate for hand tool simulation, but that currently available simulation, but that currently available simulation techniques are not sufficient to guarantee successful implementation. Discusses the desirable features of a VE simulation, specifically highlighting the importance of stability guarantees. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 627 Journal Article Brown, D.J.; Wilson, J.R. 1995 HITL 1214 Ability 15 24-25 LIVE - Learning in Virtual Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 628 Conference Proceedings Brown, D.J.; Stewart, D.S.; Wilson, J.R. 1995 HITL 1213 Virtual Reality and Persons with Disabilities 1-10 Ethical Pathways to Virtual Learning -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 629 Newspaper Article Brown, C. Electronic Engineering Times 1996 HITL 35 Dose of VR Prescribed for Medical Data -1 -1 August 12, 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 630 Conference Proceedings Brown, D.J.; Cobb, S.V.; Eastgate, R.M.; Wilson, J.R. 1997 HITL 1208 Virtual Reality Universe '97 Desktop VR as a Practical Tool in Industry and Education -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 631 Newspaper Article Brown, C. EE Times 1997 HITL 1544 1, 40 VR Project Adds a Dash of Wisdom to External Reality -1 -1 July 28 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 632 Conference Proceedings Browning, D. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace pp. 16-18 A Reality Abstraction -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 633 Magazine Article Browning, J.; Barrett, P. Focus 1993 22-29 Hype or hyper-reality? Virtual reality: how it will change your life forever. -1 -1 Dec 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 634 Report Brownstein, C.N., Executive Director 1995 HITL 20 Cross-Industry Working Team Nomadicity in the NII -1 -1 June 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 635 Conference Proceedings Broyles, J. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting human-factors. military-computing. user-interfaces. military computing. iterative design. Combat Information Center. navy combat system. prototype workstation. human factors. operator efficiency. user-computer interface. 1089-1093 Human Performance Assessment to Support Rapid Prototyping and Iterative Design Human performance data were collected on a sample of operational procedures typically performed in a Combat Information Center (CIC) for a current navy combat system and a prototype workstation. The prototype was developed using specific human factors design principles with the goal of reducing training time, improving time, improving operator retention of skills for system operation, reducing errors in system operation, improving operator efficiency, and improving user's satisfaction with the user-computer interface. The paper reports only the preliminary results for data collected from seven subjects who performed procedures using the prototype workstation. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 636 Conference Proceedings Bruce, D.; Freeberg, N.; Rock, D. 1993 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting 108-112 An Explanation Model for Influences of Air Traffic Control Task Parameters on Controller Work Pressure -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 637 Journal Article Bruderlin, A.; Calvert, T. 1989 Computer Graphics 3 pp. 233-242 Goal-Directed, Dynamic Animation of Human Walking 23 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 638 Book Section Brumberg, J.B. Binocular Indirect Opthalmoscopy South Bend, IN 1976 HITL899 Bernell Corp. 1-11 Binocular Indirect Opthalmoscopy -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 639 Conference Proceedings Brutzman, D.P.; Macedonia, M.R.; Zyda, M.J. 1995 HITL 27 ACM VRML '95 95-104 1995 Symposium on the Virtual Reality Modeling Language Internetwork Infrastructure Requirements for Virtual Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 640 Conference Proceedings Bryson, S. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Stereoscopic Displays and Applications III 244-255 Measurement and Calibration of Static Distortion of Position Data From 3D Trackers -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 641 Conference Proceedings Bryson, S.; Gerald-Yamasaki, M. Los Alamitos, CA, USA 1992 IEEE Comput. Soc. Press Proceedings. Supercomputing '92 275-284 The Distributed Virtual Windtunnel -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 642 Conference Proceedings Bryson, S. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Stereoscopic Displays and Applications III Subject: calibration. computerised-instrumentation. position-measurement.Identifiers: position data static distortion measurement. 3D tracker calibration. orientation measurement. polynomial methods. interactive computer systems. weighted lookup methods. Polhemus electromagnetic tracking system. tracking 244-255 Measurement and Calibration of Static Distortion of Position Data From 3D Trackers Abstract: 3D trackers are of increasing importance as user inputs in interactive computer systems. These trackers output the 3D position, and often the orientation, of a sensor in space. The 3D tracking is often, however, highly distorted and inaccurate. The papers discusses methods for the measurement and characterization of the static distortion of the position data. When the distortion is constant, various methods can be used to calibrate the data from the tracker to increase accuracy. Several preliminary methods are discussed, including polynomial and weighted lookup methods. The measurement and calibration methods are applied to the Polhemus electromagnetic tracking system, but are applicable to tracking systems based on other technologies. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 643 Journal Article Bryson, S. 1993 Computers & Graphics data-visualisation. virtual-reality. scientific visualization. virtual environments. virtual windtunnel. numerical relativity. numerical spacetime simulations. galaxy distribution. 6 679-685 Virtual reality in scientific visualization 12 The use of virtual environments in scientific visualization is discussed. Successful examples are surveyed in depth. Lessons about the usefulness and applicability of virtual environments to scientific visualization are drawn. Lessons learned from these applications for the development of virtual environments are also drawn. Difficulties in the application of virtual environments to scientific visualization are discussed. Problems encountered in virtual reality implementations of scientific visualization systems are briefly surveyed. Possible futures are briefly examined. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 644 Journal Article Bu, J.; Deprettere, E. F. 1989 Visual Computer computer-graphic-equipment. computer-graphics. computerised-picture-processing. VLSI. VLSI system architecture. high-speed radiative transfer 3D image synthesis. diffusely reflective surfaces. form-factor matrix. ray-tracing algorithm. multiprocessor Gauss-Seidel iterative system solver. radiosity equations. 3 121-133 A VLSI system architecture for high-speed radiative transfer 3D image synthesis 5 The authors describe a VLSI system architecture for high-speed synthesis of 3D images composed of diffusely reflective surfaces. The system consists of two loosely coupled sub-systems. The first sub-system computes the form-factor matrix F. The form-factors are computed by an efficient ray-tracing algorithm. The second sub-system, a multiprocessor Gauss-Seidel iterative system solver, solves the sparse system of radiosity equations (I- Lambda F)b=e. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 645 Patent Buckman, H.H. 1932 Roland Lord O'Brian Apparatus for Correlating Spaced Points of Observation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 646 USA -1 HITL 633 -1 -1 August 16, 1932 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 647 Journal Article Budelman, F. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems 1 p. 72 VRI Demonstrates High Resolution HMD 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 648 Magazine Article Buderi, R.; Carey, J.; Weber, J. Business Week 1992 pp. 104-125 On a Clear Day You Can See Progress -1 -1 June 29, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 649 Conference Proceedings Buffinton, K.; Lam, J. New York, NY, USA 1992 IEEE Proceedings of the 1992 American Control Conference pp. 3334-3339 A Comparative Study of Simple Dynamic Models and Control Schemes for Elastic Manipulators -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 650 Conference Proceedings Bull, G. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Helmet-Mounted Displays III Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. cathode-ray-tube-displays. display-devices. image-intensifiers. image-sensors. infrared-detectors. sensor-fusion.Identifiers: mixed sensor fusion. low light TV sensor. multiple image sources. FLIR sensors. humidity. thermal gradients. darkness. helmet mounted display. image quality. intensifier. CRT imagery. 38-46 Helmet Mounted Display with Multiple Image Sources Abstract: A helmet display that has the ability to present imagery from both night vision goggles (NVG) and FLIR sensors provides the best visual performance under a wide range of operating conditions from daylight to total darkness, because it combines the complementary advantages of the two different types of sensor. The pilot can select his sensor and operating mode to maintain imagery during natural conditions such as high humidity, thermal gradients or total darkness that would otherwise result in poor or unuseable display contrast. Design requirements for a multi image source helmet mounted display needed for this approach are severe, since aircrew expect no compromises in image quality or physiological protection, despite the extra hardware compared with a simpler HMD or NVG. The developments of a new helmet -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 651 -1 hardware -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 652 Conference Proceedings Bullemer, P. T.; Metz, S. V.; Richardson, R. M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1992 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting Subject: control-system-CAD. process-computer-control. user-interfaces.Identifiers: 3D plots. 2D plots. neural nets. linear regression. multidimensional process models. user interface design concept. interactive visualization. industrial process models. matrix layout. reference area. product quality. task-specific needs. conceptual models. optimal operating ranges. controllable process parameters. information display 361-364 A User Interface Design Concept for Visualization of Multidimensional Process Models Abstract: The authors describe a user interface design concept for the interactive visualization of multidimensional industrial process models. Key features of the design include: a matrix layout of 3-D and 2-D graphical plots, an interaction area for visualizing integral relationships and selecting context for viewing individual x-y functions, and a reference area extending throughout the matrix for maintaining focus on desirable values of product quality. These features are motivated by task-specific needs to develop conceptual models of the physical processes used in making products. Conceptual models enable process engineers to determine the optimal operating ranges for controllable process parameters. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 653 Conference Proceedings Bulthoff, H.; Yuille, A. Bellingham, WA, USA 1990 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Perception and Recognition 235-246 Shape-From-X: Psychophysics and Computation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 654 Journal Article Burdea, G.; Zhuang, J. 1991 Robotica feedback. force-control. robots. telecontrol-equipment. telerobotics. force feedback. control strategy. dextrous masters. teleoperation. Servo-Controlled Manipulator Device. Portable Dextrous Force Feedback Master. Remote Handler. Advanced Multiple DOF Force Reflective Hand/Wrist Master. 3 291-298 Dextrous telerobotics with force feedback-an overview. 2. Control and implementation 9 For pt.I see ibid., vol.9, pt.2, p.171 (1991). The control strategy for a dextrous masters is different from the general case of bilateral teleoperation since it models the human hand in much more detail. Such a model is discussed together with the selection of actuators used for force feedback control. Existing prototypes of dextrous masters with force feedback are then reviewed. These are the Servo-Controlled Manipulator Device, the Portable Dextrous Force Feedback Master (PDMFF), the Remote Handler, and the Advanced Multiple DOF Force Reflective Hand/Wrist Master. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 655 Book Section Burdea, G.; Coiffet, P. Virtual Reality Technology New York, NY 1994 Burdea, G.; Coiffet, P. HITL 1451 John Wiley and Sons 5-11 A Short History of Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 656 Patent Burdea, G.C.; Langrana, N.A. USA 1995 HITL 693 Greenleaf Medical Systems, Inc. Integrated Virtual Reality Rehabilitation System -1 -1 July 4, 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 657 Conference Proceedings Burger, A.M.; Meyer, B.D.; Jung, C.P.; Long, K.B. 1991 HITL 1395 Hypertext '91 1-7 The Virtual Notebook System -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 658 Generic Burgess, D.A. World Wide Web -1 HITL 56 The NA3 Audio Server -1 -1 Paper 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 659 Journal Article Burgess, D. A. -1 Real-time audio spatialization with inexpensive hardware This paper is written in two sections. The first section describes the general spatialization technique. The second section describes spatial sound as implemented in Mercator. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 660 Conference Proceedings Burgess, D. A.; Verlinden, J. C. -1 Virtual reality. virtual environments. spatial audio. multimedia. man-machine interfaces. human-computer interfaces. audio choreography. A first experience with spatial audio in a virtual environment This report describes a first attempt to use 3D audio in a virtual environment and the lessons learned from the experience. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 661 Conference Proceedings Burgess, D. New York, NY, USA 1992 ACM UIST. Fifth Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. Proceedings. audio-recording. interactive-systems. network-servers. real-time-systems. user-interfaces. low cost spatial audio. interactive spatial sound. human-computer interfaces. hardware costs. single-chip digital signal processors. real-time spatial audio. workstations. spatialization technique. computational requirements. user interfaces. network server. spatial audio. audio recording. 53-59 Techniques for low cost spatial audio There are a variety of potential uses for interactive spatial sound in human-computer interfaces, but hardware costs have made most of these applications impractical. Recently, however, single-chip digital signal processors have made real-time spatial audio an affordable possibility for many workstations. This paper describes an efficient spatialization technique and the associated computational requirements. Issues specific to the use of spatial audio in user interfaces are addressed. The paper also describes the design of a network server for spatial audio that can support a number of users at modest cost. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 662 Magazine Article Burke, R.R. Harvard Business Review 1996 HITL 535 120-131 Virtual Shopping: Breakthrough in Marketing Research -1 -1 March-April 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 663 Magazine Article Burke, R.R. Harvard Business Review 1996 HITL 816 120-131 Virtual Shopping: Breakthrough in Marketing Research -1 -1 March-April 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 664 Magazine Article Burns, M. Supercomputing Review 1991 48-49 Virtual Virtual Reality Scenes From The LawnMower Man -1 -1 Nov 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 665 Report Burton, D. K.; Shore, J. E.; Buck, J. T. 1984 Naval Research Laboratory Information theory. computationally efficient. nonlinear time alignment. NRL Memorandum Report 5367 Isolated-word speech recognition using multi-section vector quantization code books -1 -1 July 13, 1984 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 666 Conference Proceedings Busch, T. Santa Monica, CA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1289-1293 A Model for the Implementation of Embedded Training in an Army Radar Ground Station -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 667 Journal Article Busemeyer, J. R.; Townsend, J. T. 1993 Psychological Review Subject Major: MATHEMATICAL-MODELING. STOCHASTIC-MODELING. DECISION-MAKING. UNCERTAINTY.Identifiers: decision field theory as mathematical foundation for & dynamic stochastic theory of decision behavior in uncertain environment. 3 decision making 432-459 Decision Field Theory: A Dynamic-Cognitive Approach to Decision Making in an Uncertain Environment 100 Abstract: Decision field theory provides for a mathematical foundation leading to a dynamic, stochastic theory of decision behavior in an uncertain environment. This theory is used to explain (1) violations of stochastic dominance, (2) violations of strong stochastic transitivity, (3) violations of independence between alternatives, (4) serial position effects on preference, (5) speed-accuracy trade-off effects in decision making, (6) the inverse relation between choice probability and decision time, (7) changes in the direction of preference under time pressure, (8) slower decision times for avoidance as compared with approach conflicts, and (9) preference reversals between choice and selling price measures of preference. The proposed theory is compared with 4 other theories of decision making under uncertainty. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 668 Journal Article Buser, R.A.; de Rooij, N.F.; Tischauser, H.; Dommann, A.; Staufert, G. 1992 HITL 92 Sensors and Actuators 29-34 Biaxial Scanning Mirror Activated by Bimorph Structures for Medical Applications 31 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 669 Conference Proceedings Busquets, A.; Williams, S.; Parrish, R. Bellingham, WA 1990 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Stereoscopic Displays and Applications Subject: aerospace-simulation. aircraft-instrumentation. display-devices. human-factors. statistical-analysis. visual-perception.Identifiers: real-world depth perception. heads-down stereoscopic flight displays. stereopsis. pilots. stereoacuity measures. 44-53 Effect on Real-World Depth Perception From Exposure to Heads-Down Stereoscopic Flight Displays Abstract: The application of stereopsis (true depth) cuing to advanced heads-down flight display concepts offers potential gains in pilot situation awareness and improved task performance, but little attention has been focused on a fundamental issue involving their use. The goal of this research was to determine whether or not the short-term use of heads-down stereoscopic displays in flight applications would degrade the real-world depth perception of pilots using such displays. Statistical analysis of stereoacuity measures (averaged over pilots and replicates), comparing a control condition of no-exposure to any electronic flight display with the transition data from non-stereo and stereopsis displays, revealed no significant differences for any of the conditions. It is concluded that transitioning from short-term -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 670 -1 depth cues -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 671 Conference Proceedings Buss, M.; Hashimoto, H. -1 111-118 Intelligent Cooperative Manipulation Using Dynamic Force Simulator -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 672 Conference Proceedings Butler, D.; Pendley, M. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies 251-260 The Visualization Management System Approach to Visualization in Scientific Computing -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 673 Conference Proceedings Butler, T. New York, NY, USA 1991 IEEE Proceedings of the IEEE 1991 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference NAECON 1991 computer-graphics. computerised-picture-processing. polyhedral graphics. terrain rendering. image warping. image ray tracing. approximate rendering. 926-932 Three approaches to terrain rendering Three alternative approaches to terrain rendering are presented in historical order. Polyhedral computer graphics, image warping, and image ray tracing are compared in terms of their relative strengths and weaknesses. Image ray tracing is found to be superior for fully accurate rendering of continuously changing terrain. Image warping is superior for approximate rendering of gradually changing terrain. Polyhedral graphics is superior for fully accurate rendering of man-made objects superimposed on terrain. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 674 Journal Article Butler, D.; Acquino, A.; Hissong, A.; Scott, P. 1993 The Journal of the Human Factors Society Subject Major: VISUAL-DISPLAYS. SPATIAL-ORIENTATION-PERCEPTION. INTERIOR-DESIGN. COGNITIVE-PROCESSES.Subject Minor: ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: signs vs you-are-here maps, route preferences & heuristics for wayfinding in unfamiliar complex building, adults. 1 pp. 159-173 Wayfinding by Newcomers in a Complex Building 35 Abstract: Conducted 4 experiments with 153 Ss to determine the characteristics of an optimal wayfinding aid for new users of a complex building. In Exp 1, wayfinders who used signs found their destinations fastest. Those using you-are-here maps were much slower than even those wayfinders given no aids. The main advantage of signs over you-are-here maps results from information-processing differences: Signs provide clear cues about turns and decisions without requiring study time or imposing a high memory load. In Exp 2, it was found that people prefer routes that require the least amount of energy expenditure. Exp 3, using artificial floor plans of buildings, confirmed that minimizing energy is much more important than complexity in determining preferred routes. Exp 4 investigated wayfinders' heuristics and the inform -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 675 -1 navigating wayfinding, information display, decision making, cognitive load, survey knowledge, use of signs and maps -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 676 Journal Article Butterworth, J.; Davidson, A.; Hench, S.; Olano, T.M. 1992 HITL 50 ACM 135-138 3DM: A Three Dimensional Modeler Using a Head-Mounted Display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 677 Conference Proceedings Butterworth, J.; Davidson, A.; Hench, S.; Olano, T. New York, NY, USA 1992 ACM Proceedings. 1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics information display. Modelling in VR, software 135-226 3DM: A Three Dimensional Modeler Using a Head-Mounted Display none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 678 Conference Proceedings Buxton, W.; Myers, B. New York, NY, USA 1986 ACM CHI '86 Proceedings Experimentation. human factors. two-handed input. parallel input. compound task. input/output and data commmunications. software engineering. computer graphics. hardware architectures. ergonomics. 321-326 A Study in Two-Handed Input -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 679 Conference Proceedings Buzney, S.M.; Weiter, J.J.; Furukawa, H.; Hirokawa, H.; Tolentino, F.I.; Trempe, C.L.; Rapp, R.E. 1984 HITL 904 89th Annaul Meeting of the American Academy of Opthalmology 1745-1748 Examination of the Vitreous: A Comparison of Biomicroscopy Using the Goldman and El Bayadi-Kajiura Lenses -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 680 Magazine Article Bylinsky, G. Fortune 1991 p. 138 The Marvels of 'Virtual Reality' -1 -1 June 3, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 681 Journal Article Byrne, C. -1 Virtual reality and education [pre-print] -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 682 Generic Byrne, C.; Holland, C.; Moffit, D.; Hodas, S.; Furness, T.A. -1 HITL 475 No Publication Found Virtual Reality and "At Risk" Students -1 -1 Draft Paper 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 683 Journal Article Byrne, C.M. -1 HITL 1335 Virtual Reality and Education -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 684 Conference Proceedings Byrne, R. 1992 IEEE AES Systems Magazine Subject: hierarchical-systems. mobile-robots. telecontrol. vehicles.Identifiers: implementation. hierarchical control system. telerobotic land vehicles. RAYBOT. vehicle control module. hierarchical architecture. pp. 22-26 A Practical Implementation of a Hierarchial Control System for Telerobotic Land Vehicles Abstract: The author presents a practical hierarchical control system for telerobotic land vehicles. The goal of the architecture is to enable the user to have a relatively inexpensive control system that can be easily upgraded as the application demands. This is accomplished by having low-level modules that provide interfaces to hardware and the external environment and communicate with higher levels through the global memory. The levels of the hierarchy above the first level, referred to as layers of intelligence, are application dependent and allow the vehicle to execute more autonomous operation as the layers are added. There remains an operator interface to all levels of the hierarchy so that previous capabilities may be demonstrated while adding new levels. This architecture was implemented on RAYBOT, -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 685 -1 hardware -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 686 Book Byrne, C.; Furness, T., III Amsterdam 1994 Benzie, D. Elsevier HITL. 181-189 Exploring a New Partnership: rs and Technology Virtual Reality and Education study of 69 students. Wright, J. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 687 Conference Proceedings Byrne, C.M.; Furness, T.A. III 1994 HITL 611 IFIP International Workshop Conference 181-189 Exploring a New Partnership: Children, Teachers and Technology Virtual Reality and Education -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 688 Report Cable TelevisionAdministration and Marketing Society, Inc. 1995 HITL 909 Tested Solutions in Pay Per View -1 -1 Case Study 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 689 Report Caceres, Ramon -1 University of California Separating abstraction from implementation in communication between design This discussion is motivated by the current drive to design a new generation of high-speed wide-area networks, and the observation that this effort would benefit from a more systematic evaluation of existing and future network design. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 690 Newspaper Article Cafazzo, D. Tacoma News Tribune Tacoma, WA 1993 HITL. D1+ Virtually unlimited views of the world The technology of virtual reality is still mostly illusionary, but a Seattle laboratory is looking at commercial applications. -1 -1 30 May 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 691 Conference Proceedings Caird, J. K.; Hancock, P. A. Santa Monica, CA 1992 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting Impending collisions automobiles. digital-simulation. human-factors. psychology. visual-perception. fixed-base driving simulator. time-to-arrival. oncoming vehicle. viewing distance. perceptual basis. left-turn decision. motorcycle. compact car. full-size car. delivery truck. vehicle arrival time. gender. vehicle type. margin-of-safety explanation. advanced in-vehicle collision avoidance. warning systems. 1378-1382 Perception of Oncoming Vehicle Time-to-Arrival An experiment was conducted in a fixed-base driving simulator which manipulated the time-to-arrival (T/sub a/) of an oncoming vehicle, the viewing distance to that vehicle and the type of oncoming vehicle to determine the perceptual basis for a left-turn decision. Forty-eight participants were randomly assigned to a group where either a motorcycle, a compact car a full-size car, or delivery truck represented the oncoming vehicle. There were an equal number of participants of each gender in the four groups. As T/sub a/ was increased, underestimation of vehicle arrival time also increased. Significant main effects were found for T/sub a/, gender of participants, vehicle type, and viewing distance, and for interactions for gender * T/sub a/ and gender * vehicle type. Males and females differed in their accuracy of judgments for vehicle types, where males were more accurate in estimating the arrival of delivery vans and motorcycles than their female peers. The pattern of results for the size of the app -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 692 Journal Article Caird, J.K. 1996 HITL249 IEEE Computer Society: Human Interaction with Complex Systems 124-132 Persistent Issues in the Application of Virtual Environment Systems to Training 3 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 693 Journal Article Calder, P.; Linton, M. 1992 SIGPLAN Notices a text editor (software) document-handling. object-oriented-methods. text-editing. first-class objects. Doc. object sharing. memory usage. incremental update strategy. screen redraw time. visible character. 10 MIPS workstation. interactive typing speeds. fully object-oriented approach. document editing. 10 pp. 154-165 The Object-Oriented Implementation of a Document Editor 27 Traditional documents editors are large and complex. Using first-class objects to represent individual characters in a document, the authors have implemented an editor that is much smaller and simpler than editors of comparable power. This editor, named 'Doc', uses object sharing to reduce memory usage and incremental update strategy to minimize screen redraw time. Measurements show the current Doc implementation uses 10 bytes for each character in a document and 30 bytes for each visible character. On a 10 MIPS workstation, Doc can draw over 10 full pages per second and can keep pace with interactive typing speeds. These measurements and experience using Doc shows that a fully object-oriented approach to document editing is practical. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 694 Report Caldwell, J.; Cornum, R.; Stephens, R.; Rash, C. 1990 USAARL 90-11 Visual Processing: Implications for Helmet Mounted Displays -1 -1 May 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 695 Conference Proceedings Caldwell, J.; Cornum, R.; Stephens, R.; Rash, C. 1990 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Helmet-Mounted Displays II Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. display-instrumentation. helicopters. human-factors. military-systems.Identifiers: right monocular task. integrated helmet display. visual processing. helicopter. helmet mounted displays. AH-64. Apache. Army pilots. dichoptic task. left monocular task. 165-172 Visual Processing: Implications for Helmet Mounted Displays Abstract: A study was conducted to compare the performance of AH-64 (Apache) pilots to other Army pilots on visual tasks. Each pilot was given a task presented monocularly to the right eye, a task presented monocularly to the left eye, and a task presented to both eyes simultaneously in a dichoptic task. Results indicated no performance difference between the groups of pilots on the dichoptic task, but indicated better performance on the left monocular task for the AH-64 pilots. These results indicate that AH-64 pilots who are required to switch their attention from their left eyes to their right eyes in order to obtain needed information are capable of processing information efficiently and effectively using only one eye. The implications of these results for the Integrated Helmet and Display Sighting System (IHADS -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 696 Conference Proceedings Calhoun, G.; Janson, W.; Valencia, G. 1988 Human Factors Society Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting 68-72 Effectiveness of Three-Dimensional Auditory Directory Cues -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 697 Conference Proceedings Calhoun, G.; Janson, W. Santa Monica, CA 1990 Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting attention, information presentation, peripheral vision, psychological testing, attentional resources in VR, auditory localization, (interesting) measuring presence. 1-5 Eye and Head as Indicators of Attention Cue Effectiveness none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 698 Conference Proceedings Callan, J. R./Kelly, R. T./Gwynne, J. W. III/Feher, B. New York, NY, USA 1990 IEEE 1990 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics Conference Proceedings Subject: digital-simulation. human-factors. military-computing. psychology.Identifiers: tactical decision making. communication interrupt effects. military computing. psychology. human factors. man-in-the-loop simulation. event-driven battle simulations. uncertainty. Communication Interrupt Effects on Tactical Decisions A series of man-in-the-loop simulation experiments was conducted to investigate the impact of degraded communications on tactical decision making. These simulations were large- scale, event-driven battle simulations. Experienced naval officers were required to integrate and disseminate tactical information from different sources and control the engagement of enemy aircraft. Several performance measures were collected during each simulation run, including the officers' verbal descriptions of their evolving decision process. Findings indicated that periodic interruptions in data and tactical voice communications degrade battle effectiveness, largely as the result of delays in the decision to launch additional interceptor aircraft as needed. The delays were attributed to the commander's uncertainty about the tactical situation caused -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 699 Journal Article Calvert, S. L.; Tan, S.-L. 1994 HITL 813 Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 125-139 Impact of Virtual Reality on Young Adults' Physiological Arousal and Agressive Thoughts: Interaction versus Observation 15 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 700 Book Section Calvino, I. Cosmi-Comics: A Sign in Space New York, NY 1968 HITL 288 Harcourt, Brace & World 31-39 Cosmi-Comics: A Sign in Space -1 -1 Weaver, W. 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 701 Patent Cameron, M.H.; Cameron, J.F. USA 1993 HITL 970 Camair Research, Inc Helmet Integrated Display System -1 -1 Feb. 23 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 702 Book Section Campbell, C.J.; Koester, C.J.; Rittler, M.C.; Tackaberry, R.B. Physiological Optics Hagerstown, Maryland -1 Harper & Row 84-161 Physiological Optics -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 703 Generic Campbell, D.A. 1994 HITL 232 1-8 Vers une Architecture Virtuelle: The Ramblings and Dilemmas of a Virtual Achitect -1 -1 January 1994 Draft Paper 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 704 Conference Proceedings Campbell, D. A.; Wells, M. 1995 VRAIS '95. architecture. HITL. pre-print A Critique of Virtual Reality in the Architectural Design Process -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 705 Newspaper Article Caniglia, J. Eastsideweek Bellevue, WA 1993 28 p. 16-23 Crash the State 3 -1 -1 April 21, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 706 Journal Article Cannon-Bowers, J.A.; Tannenbaum, S.I.; Salas, E.; Converse, S.A. 1991 HITL 612 Human Factors 3 281-292 Toward an Integration of Training Theory and Technique 33 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 707 Journal Article capelouto, C.C.; Kavoussi, L.R. 1993 HITL 1023 Urology 1 2-12 Complications of Laparscopic Surgery 42 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 708 Journal Article Caponetti, L.; Fanelli, A. M. 1993 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications interpolation. medical-computing. medical-image-processing. splines-mathematics. computer aided simulation. bone surgery. bone deformities. 3-D model. 2-D images. 3-D object representation. X-ray images. user-friendly simulation. low-cost hardware. spline interpolation. tibia. pathology. 6 86-92 Computer-aided simulation for bone surgery 13 A system for evaluating bone deformities using a 3-D model directly recovered from 2-D images and for simulating surgery is described. It derives a 3-D object representation from only two X-ray images. It also offers user-friendly simulation of bone surgery with low-cost hardware and software. The system exhibits satisfactory behavior for reconstructing the bone shape, providing suitable data for the simulation and evaluation of bone surgery. Although the spline interpolation of the bone surface does not produce a realistic 3-D visualization of the tibia, which is used as an -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 709 Conference Proceedings Caracciolo, R.; Fanton, F.; Gasparetto, A. 1994 NASA Conference Publications ISMCR '94: Topical Workshop on Virtual Reality 76-83 Surface matching for correlation of virtual models: theory and application -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 710 Conference Proceedings Card, S. K.; Mackinlay, J. D.; Robertson, G. G. 1990 ACM CHI '90 Conference Proceedings software-tools. user-interfaces. UIMS. design space. input devices. semantic analysis. graphical presentations. expressiveness. human performance theories. footprint. bandwidth. 117-124 The design space of input devices A bewildering variety of devices for communication from humans to computers now exists on the market. In order to make sense of this variety, and to aid in the design of new input devices, the authors propose a framework for describing and analyzing input devices. Following the semantic analysis of the design space for graphical presentations, the goal is to provide tools for the generation and test of input device designs. The descriptive tools allow one to describe the semantics of a device and measure its expressiveness. Using these tools, they have build a taxonomy of input devices. They build on these descriptive tools, and proceed to the use of human performance theories and data for evaluation of the effectiveness of points in this design space. The focus on two figures of merit, footprint and bandwidth to illustrate this evaluation. The result is the systematic integration of methods for both generating and testing the design space of input devices. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 711 Conference Proceedings Card, S.K.; Robertson, G.G.; Mackinlay, J.D. 1991 HITL 816 ACM CHI 91 181-188 Reaching Through Technology The Information Visualizer, an Information Workspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 712 Conference Proceedings Carew-Jones, R. 1992 SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Airborne Reconnaissance XVI 38-49 ATARS Reconnaissance Management System (RMS) -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 713 Magazine Article Cargill, J. Library Administration & Management 1992 82-85 The electronic reference desk: reference service in an electronic world -1 -1 Spring 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 714 Conference Proceedings Carlson, C. R./Cohen, C. W. 1980 SID Proceedings of the Society for Information Display 229-246 Simple Psychophysical Model for Predicting the Visibility of Displayed Information -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 715 Journal Article Carlsson, C.; Hagsand, O. 1993 Computers & Graphics distributed-processing. multi-access-systems. user-interface-management-systems. virtual-reality. Distributed Interactive Virtual Environment. DIVE. multi-user virtual environments. software platform. multi-user virtual reality applications. active replication. multicast protocols. interaction support. user-related abstractions. user interface construction. application construction. 6 663-669 DIVE -- A platform for multi-user virtual environments. 17 The Distributed Interactive Virtual Environment (DIVE) is an experimental software platform for the development of multi-user virtual reality applications. DIVE uses active replication and reliable multicast protocols to distribute data between participants. The distribution model enables a large number of users and applications to participate and interact in the same virtual environment. The DIVE platform offers a wide range of interaction support and user-related abstractions to ease the task of application and user interface construction. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 716 Newspaper Article Carnevale, M. L. Wall Street Journal New York, NY 1990 B3A Phone Firms Compile Data on Callers to Pitch to Direct-Marketing Services B3A -1 -1 May 4, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 717 Newspaper Article Carnevale, M.L. Wall Street Journal New York, NY 1993 HITL 107 Telecommunications Report -1 -1 July 19, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 718 Magazine Article Carrabine, L. Computer-Aided Engineering 1990 HITL 123 16-26 Plugging into the Computer to Sense Virtual Reality -1 -1 June 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 719 Magazine Article Carroll, J. M. -1 639-648 The adventure of getting to know a computer -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 720 Journal Article Carswell, C.; Wickens, C. 1987 Ergonomics Graphical Displays; Display Formatting; Object Display; Information Intergration; MonitoringSubject Major: COGNITIVE-PROCESSES. GRAPHICAL-DISPLAYS.Subject Minor: INFORMATION. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: object display vs bar graph display formats, information integration, 18-30 yr olds. 3 pp. 511-527 Information Intergration and the Object Display: An Interaction of Task Demands and Display Superiority 30 Abstract: Compared 2 graphical display formats, using 2 tasks, varying in their demands to integrate multiple information sources. An object display utilized different dimensions of a single perceptual object to display task-relevant information. A contrasting bar graph technique used the same dimension of separate objects to present identical information. In Exp I, 24 Ss (aged 18-30 yrs) used both displays to perform a simulated process control task in which integration of information from several time-varying sources was required. In Exp II, 20 additional Ss (aged 18-26 yrs) used both displays in a nonintegration task that required monitoring for particular values of 6 independent system outputs. Results of the integration experiment reveal that performance was superior when the object display was used. In the -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 721 -1 information displayss, attention, attentional resources in VR, cognitive load, workload, integration of information from multiple sources -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 722 Conference Proceedings Carter, W. Bellingham, WA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Stereoscopic Displays and Applications III Subject: display-devices. lenses.Identifiers: single lens stereopsis. Carter single lens system. dual lens imaging. microscopic probes. depth perception, workload 204-210 The Advantage of Single Lens Stereopsis Abstract: Because stereopsis is scalable, the Carter single lens system offers many advantages of dual lens imaging in the accuracy and timing of mechanical tasks. Before a typical application is described, the bias against, and the human factors issues surrounding stereopsis are examined. This single lens solution is offered and its application to microscopic probes is detailed. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 723 Conference Proceedings Carter, W.J.; Weissman, M.A. 1996 HITL 1173 SPIE 76-103 Single-Lens Stereoscopy: A Historical and Technical Review -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 724 Newspaper Article Caruso, D. San Francisco Examiner San Francisco, CA, USA 1989 Inside Silicon Valley -1 -1 August 20, 1989 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 725 Newspaper Article Caruso, D. San Francisco San Francisco, CA 1990 News From the Virtual World -1 -1 June 24, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 726 Newspaper Article Case, F. Seattle Times Seattle, WA 1990 HITL 169 F1-F2 Virtually Real -1 -1 February 26, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 727 Journal Article Case, D.O. 1991 HITL 511 Journal of the American Society for Information Science 9 657-668 Conceptual Organization and Retrieval of Text by Historians: The Role of Memory and Metaphor 42 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 728 Magazine Article Case, J. Inc. 1995 HITL 706 26-50 The Open-Book Revolution -1 -1 June 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 729 Conference Proceedings Casey, C.; Melzer, J. Bellingham, WA 1991 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Large Screen Projection, Avionic, and Helmet-Mounted Displays hardware. aerospace-simulation. aircraft-instrumentation. display-devices. military-systems. training. part task training. aircraft instrumentation. generator. flight-simulation. mission planning/rehearsal.head tracker. interaction. 175-178 Part-Task Training with a Helmet Integrated Display Simulator A helmet integrated display (HID) coupled with a microprocessor computer image generator (CIG) provides a low cost flight-simulation and mission planning/rehearsal system. The proposed HID/CIG training system has a wide 60 degrees field-of-view (FOV) display and is lightweight, compact, and transportable. A head tracker linked to the HID permits unlimited head movement and a 360 degrees field-of-regard. Two or more HID/CIG systems may be interconnected to simulate interaction with other crewmembers, aircraft, and ground vehicles. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 730 Magazine Article Cassidy, R. R & D Magazine 1990 pp. 50-60 Scientific Visualization: An New Computer Research Tool -1 -1 April 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 731 Journal Article Catedra, M. -1 "Through the Door"; A View of Space From and Anthropological Perspective -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 732 Magazine Article Caudill, M. Byte 1992 pp. 134-150 Kinder, Gentler Computing Natural I/O technologies make your computer work for you, instead of the other way around. -1 -1 April 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 733 Journal Article Cavallaro, U.; Paolini, P.; Christodoulakis, W. 1993 The Electronic Library 2 pp. 65-71 HIFI: Hypertext Interface for Information: Multimedia and Relational Databases 11 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 734 Journal Article Cederquist, J.N.; Fienup, J.R. 1987 HITL 1053 Journal of the Optical Society of America 4 699-705 Analytic Design of Optimum Holographic Optical Elements 4 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 735 Conference Proceedings Ceresole, E.; Dal Sasso, M.; Rossi, A. 1994 NASA Conference Publications ISMCR '94: Topical Workshop on Virtual Reality 27-30 Multimodal correlation and intraoperative matching of virtual models in neurosurgery -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 736 Conference Proceedings Chadwick, J.; Bricker, J. 1990 IEEE Plans '90 - Position Location and Navigation Symposium aircraft-instrumentation. computerised-navigation. computerised-signal-processing. digital-simulation. position-measurement. tracking-systems. dynamic receiver time of arrival source. computerised navigation. Hughes vehicle location system. asynchronous aperiodic transmitters. direct hyperbolic position location. observation noise filter. tracking. hyperbolic geometric-dilution-of-precision. weighted position estimate. 2-D direct solution. noise. position estimation error. 127-132 A Vehicle Location System (VLS) Solution Approach The Hughes vehicle location system (VLS), which locates and tracks one or more asynchronous aperiodic transmitters in either two or three dimensions, is described. It uses a dynamic receiver time-of-arrival (TOA) source selection, a direct hyperbolic position location solution, and an observation noise filter. For tracking a transmitter in two dimensions in an overdetermined system, hyperbolic geometric-dilution-of-precision (GDOP) is used to select an optimum subset of TOA triplets and to form a weighted position estimate. Particular emphasis is placed on the 2-D direct solution approach. The effect of observation noise on position estimation error in 2-D for an overdetermined system is demonstrated, and the derivation of the 2-D direct solution approach is presented. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 737 Report Chambers, C. 1993 HITL 426 University of Washington 93-03-05 The Cecil Language: Specification and Rationale -1 -1 March 1993 Technical 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 738 Journal Article Chang, S. 1991 Journal of Visual Languages and Computing 3 pp. 195-215 Pictorial Data Management Based Upon the Theory of Symbolic Projections 2 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 739 Conference Proceedings Chang, S.; Tan, H.; Eberman, B.; Marcus, B. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems Fall '93 Conference Sensing, perception, and feedback for VR -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 740 Generic Chapin, W.L. 1990 HITL 324 1-3 Virtual Space Exploration Laboratory -1 -1 July 12, 1990 Preliminary Proposal 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 741 Conference Proceedings Chapin, W.; Foster, S. Bellingham, WA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Stereoscopic Displays and Applications Subject: audio-visual-systems. digital-simulation. display-devices. user-interfaces.Identifiers: virtual environment display. head position tracking. sound reflecting characteristics. sound absorbing characteristics. head orientation tracking. 3D audio room simulation. synthetic aural environments. complex acoustical room simulation. walls. ceiling. floor. independent localizable sound sources. audio Convolvotrons. Polhemus Isotrak. stereo headphones. binaural sound. visual virtual environment. telepresence. proprioceptive sensations. 256-267 Virtual Environment Display for a 3D Audio Room Simulation III Abstract: Recent developments in virtual 3D audio and synthetic aural environments have produced a complex acoustical room simulation. The acoustical simulation models a room with walls, ceiling, and floor of selected sound reflecting/absorbing characteristics and unlimited independent localizable sound sources. This nonvisual acoustic simulation, implemented with four audio Convolvotrons (from Crystal River Engineering) and coupled to the listener with a Polhemus Isotrak, tracking the listener's head position and orientation, and stereo headphones returning binaural sound, is quite compelling to most listeners with eyes closed. This immersive effect should be reinforced when properly integrated into a full, multi-sensory virtual environment presentation. This paper discusses the design of an interactive, visual -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 742 -1 augmented reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 743 Conference Proceedings Chaplin, R. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III Subject: cathode-ray-tube-displays. human-factors. optical-variables-measurement. standards. visual-perception.Identifiers: international standards. FFT. LED. luminance spot meter. VDU flicker. psychophysical experiments. measurement accuracy. measuring flicker 73-83 An Objective Method for Measuring VDU Flicker Abstract: International standards require that VDU products should be flicker free to at least 90% of the user population. There have been many methods proposed to achieve this objective. However, it is extremely difficult to make comparisons between the various methods due to the variability of data obtained from psychophysical experiments and the lack of a common quantifiable reference. The author describes an objective flicker measurement technique that provides such a reference and also two experiments designed to validate the measurement accuracy. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 744 Generic Chaplin, S. 1993 HITL 1478 Beneath the author's name is: 1-7 Cyberspace: Lingering on the Threshold -1 -1 November 9 Paper? 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 745 Conference Proceedings Chapman, F.; Clarkson, G. Bellingham, WA 1992 SPIE SPIE -The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Helmet Mounted Displays III Subject: aerospace-simulation. aircraft-instrumentation. display-devices. military-equipment.Identifiers: military equipment. combat aircraft cockpit. Defence Research Agency. RAE Farnborough. helmet-mounted display. flight trials. flight simulation. helmet mounted displays in cockpits 26-37 The Advent of Helmet-Mounted Display Devices in the Combat Aircraft Cockpit Abstract: With the development of the integrated combat aircraft cockpit, advanced display concepts are increasingly important if pilot's workload is to be maintained at a suitable level for effective missions to be flown. The Defence Research Agency (formerly RAE Farnborough) has been involved with the development of helmet-mounted display devices since the 1970s, in order to assess their suitability for integration into the modern combat aircraft cockpit. The authors give an operator's perspective of the helmet mounted devices trialled, covering their evolution in simulators to flight trials in fast jets. Additionally, the impact of this technology on the development of future combat aircraft and associated flight simulation is addressed. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 746 Newspaper Article Chapman, G. New York Times New York, NY 1994 pA15(N) pA17(L). col 3. The high-tech gravy train Clinton administration plans $1 billion to help American firms compete with the Japanese in producing flat-panel displays. -1 -1 May 31, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 747 Conference Proceedings Chappell, S.; Sexton, G. 1986 Applied Ergonomics Subject Major: AIRCRAFT. FLIGHT-SIMULATION. HUMAN-FACTORS-ENGINEERING. AVIATION-SAFETY.Subject Minor: COMPUTER-APPLICATIONS.Identifiers: flight simulation facilities, research on aeronautical human factors & crew systems & safety issues. pp. 252-256 Advanced Concepts Flight Simulation Facility Abstract: Describes flight simulation facilities built by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Lockheed for conducting research on aeronautical human factors, crew systems, and safety issues based on the projected needs and technology of 1995. It is maintained that for the human factors engineer, the challenge is to ensure a safe and effective transition from today's cockpit to that of the next-generation aircraft. Definition of roles and retention of skill and vigilance in a changing flight environment are examples of issues that need to be addressed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1987 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 748 Conference Proceedings Chaum, E. 1992 SPIE SPIE - The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - High-Resolution Displays and Projection Systems Subject: display-instrumentation. flat-panel-displays. marine-systems. military-equipment. naval-engineering.Identifiers: military systems. submarine tactical system designs. flat panel displays. MIL-SPEC. 121-131 Flat Panel Technology on Submarine Tactical System Designs Abstract: Flat panel display products could have an important effect on submarine design decisions. Beyond the obvious volume savings, flat panel displays offer improved flexibility during system design, and thus, create new opportunities for useful and innovative compartment and equipment arrangements. The development of MIL-SPEC flat panel displays is considered and advanced flat panel-based submarine control room concepts, are discussed. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 749 Conference Proceedings Chen, C.W.; Sweatt, W.C. 1979 HITL 994 SPIE Los Alamos Conference on Optics 5-9 Designing Holographic Optical Elements -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 750 Journal Article Chen, Y.-S.; Leimkuhler, F.F. 1986 HITL 546 Journal of the American Society for Information Science 5 307-314 A Relationship Between Lotka's Law, Bradford's Law, and Zipf's Law 37 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 751 Patent Chen, C.W.; Chern, M.-J. USA 1995 HITL 677 Hughes Aircraft Co. Wide Spectral Bandwidth Virtual Image Display Optical System -1 -1 July 25, 1995 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 752 Generic Cheng, T. Unpublished 1996 HITL 771 IMVR- Image-Based VR System -1 -1 October 15-16, 1996 Presentation 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 753 Generic Chi, V.L. 1991 HITL 719 No Publication Found Salphasic Clock Distribution Beats Speed of Light by Factor of Ten as Demonstrated in Pixel-Planes 5 -1 -1 July 17, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 754 Conference Proceedings Chin, J. Santa Monica, CA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting user-interfaces. dynamic user adaptable menu system. paradigmatically related targets. superordinate categories. syntagmatic related targets. superordinate category links. paradigmatic targets. horizontal links. hierarchical level. hierarchical networks. 413-417 A Dynamic User Adaptable Menu System: Linking it All Together Creation and traversal of links in a user adaptable menu was examined for syntagmatically and paradigmatically related targets. One group searched for paradigmatic related targets within the same intermediate category under different superordinate categories, while another searched for syntagmatic related targets belonging to different intermediate categories under the same superordinate. Users with syntagmatic targets created and traversed more superordinate category links, while users with paradigmatic targets traversed more intermediate category links. As predicted, more horizontal links at the same hierarchical level were created and traversed than diagonal links joining different levels. Overall, users tended to create links forming hierarchical networks. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 755 Conference Proceedings Chiu, C.; Norcio, A.; Hsu, C. 1992 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Fuzzy Theory and Technology (FT&T '92) Reasoning on Domain Knowledge Level in Human-Computer Interaction -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 756 Magazine Article Chmilar, M.; Wyvill, B.; Herr, C. Visual Computer 1991 computer-animation. data-structures. solid-modelling. kinematic animation. 3D animation. scene description. software architecture. dynamic animation. data structures. 3D modeling. time-based models. geometric shapes. temporal coherence. unified interface. C++. modeling primitives. motion-control experiments. integrated environment. dynamic primitives. geometric transformations. degrees of freedom. differential equations of motion. graphics language. animation description. Charli. 2-3 122-137 A software architecture for integrating modeling with kinematic and dynamic animation 7 A software architecture integrating the data structures for 3D modeling and animation is presented. The benefits are the ability to describe time-based models capable of changing their geometric shapes for animation, efficiency gained by exploiting temporal coherence, and the ability to create a unified interface for modeling and animation. The system is based on an extensible kernel implemented in C++; it allows new modeling primitives and motion-control experiments to be added easily into a powerful, integrated environment. The kernel has also been extended to include dynamic primitives. Both kinematic and dynamic models are constructed using geometric transformations. In a dynamic model, the user specifies explicitly which degrees of freedom vary dynamically. The differential equations of motion are derived automatically from the dynamic model descriptions. A versatile graphics language for scene and animation description, Charli, accompanies the kernel. ---- End of Citation ---- -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 757 Conference Proceedings Chow, Y.; Dunham, M.; Kimball, O. New York, NY, USA 1987 IEEE IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing 89-93 BYBLOS: The BBN Continuous Speech Recognition System -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 758 Conference Proceedings Christ, R.; Conroy, J., III; Robertson, R. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting software. decision-support-systems. microcomputer-applications. minimisation. operations-research. resource allocation. PC-XT. crew requirements definition system. CRDS. crew size. task start times. task sequencing. C-language. personal computer. PERT. GANTT. critical path method calculations. military use. Crew Requirements Definition System Demonstration (Abstract) Summary form only given. The crew requirements definition system (CRDS) is a computer-based methodology designed to minimize the time required to accomplish any set of tasks while using the fewest resources. It enables analysts and researchers to study in a timely and cost effective manner the effects of varying crew size, task start times (and hence task sequencing), and task allocation to crewmembers or equipment items during the performance of designated missions without the need to observe crews actually performing their duties. The CRDS is programmed in C-language and is designed to be used on an 'XT' or faster class of personal computer. The basis of the system is several automated PERT, GANTT, and critical path method calculations. The user should have some knowledge of these operations research techniques to use the system effectively. The system was designed for military use, but can be used for any application for which the user knows or can estimate the tasks and the resources' capabili -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 759 Conference Proceedings Christ, R.; Zaklad, A.; Bittner, A., Jr.; Hill, S.; Linton, P. 1989 Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: human-factors. military-computing.Identifiers: army operator workload program. military computing. human factors. Army Research Institute. workload assessment. workload 1471-1475 The Army Operator Workload (OWL) Program: Review and Prospects Abstract: The operator workload (OWL) program is a just-completed, three-year, basic and applied research effort sponsored by the Army Research Institute (ARI). As part of the Army's research thrust into workload, the OWL program was directed to establish guidance for the assessment of OWL associated with the operation of army systems. Its intent was to identify and integrate the most relevant of workload research into a set of practicable workload assessment methods for army developers, and then apply and validate these methods on selected army systems. Lessons learned from OWL studies of these systems formed the basis for guidance for army system developers. The paper overviews the objectives, the accomplishments, and the future prospects of the OWL program. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 760 Conference Proceedings Christensen, H.; Anderson, C.; Granum, E. Bellingham, WA, USA 1991 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Sensor Fusion IV 457-468 Control of Perception in Dynamic Vision -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 761 Journal Article Christensen, J. 1993 Mathematical Computer Modelling 2 pp. 75-88 Testing Advection Schemes in a Three-Dimensional Air Pollution Model 18 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 762 Conference Proceedings Christensen, J.P. 1995 HITL 375 Virtual Reality World 139-140 Telematics Applications Programme (Particularly Health Care Telematics) and Some Words on Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 763 Journal Article Chronopoulous, A.; Lyrintzis, A.; Michalopoulos, P. 1993 Mathematical Computer Modelling 8 pp. 11-22 Traffic Flow Simulation Through High Order Traffic Modelling 17 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 764 Conference Proceedings Chung, J.; Harris, M.; Brooks, F. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies 42-52 Exploring Virtual Worlds with Head-Mounted Displays -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 765 Report CIC 1995 Committee on Information and Communications America in the Age of Information -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 766 -1 HITL 865 -1 -1 March 10 Strategic Implementation Plan 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 767 Journal Article Cinquin, P.; Demongeot, J.; Troccaz, J. 1992 Innovative Technological Medicine 4 374-393 IGOR: image guided operating robot. Methodology, medical applications, results 13 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 768 Magazine Article Cipalla, R. Smithsonian News Service 1993 The Brave New World of Virtual Reality -1 -1 March 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 769 Generic Clark, T. World Wide Web -1 HITL 1247 Antares Virtual Reality Systems The Antares Reality Sled: 2 Degree-of-Freedom Motion Platform -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 770 Journal Article Clark, J. 1976 Communications of the ACM 8 pp. 454-460 Designing Surfaces in 3-D 19 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 771 Magazine Article Clark, M. Alt News 1993 HITL 613 4-7 Virtual Reality in Education and Training: Willing Prisoner of its Own Flawed Metaphor? -1 Education EdVR -1 June 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 772 Journal Article Clarke-Willson, S. 1994 Computer Graphics computer-games. entertainment. virtual-reality. virtual environment design. value added entertainment. virtual reality entertainment. motion-based simulators. large screen film formats. home video games. TV. 2 102-104 The design of virtual environments: value added entertainment 28 Virtual reality entertainment, location-based entertainment, mini-theme parks, oversized coin-op machines, motion-based simulators, large screen film formats and even home video games are names for different ways to bring a more exciting and involving entertainment experience to individuals than is available with standard television or movie theatre experiences. We choose TV and standard 35mm movie experiences as a baseline for comparison when looking at virtual experiences because of the great distribution systems both media provide. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 773 Journal Article Clifton, T., III; Wefer, F. 1993 IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications 4 pp. 57-65 Direct Volume Display Devices 13 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 774 Journal Article Clymer, A. B. 1989 Simulation in Emergency Management and Technology 3-6 Simulations for vehicle emergency management This paper gives an overview of the field of vehicle emergency technology, including especially the many roles of simulation and simulators. Simulations of vehicle emergencies are being performed for a variety of purposes: research on vehicles and emergencies, vehicle design and development, training in vehicle emergency operation, and reconstruction of vehicle emergencies. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 775 Conference Proceedings Clymer, M.; Graves, G. San Jose, CA 1994 HITL 157 SPIE Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems 288-296 New Approaches in Magnetic Sensing for Tracking Devices -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 776 Conference Proceedings Cobb, S.V.G.; Brown, D.J.; D'Cruz, M.D.; Eastgate, R.M.; Cope, N.J.; Wilson, J.R. 1994 HITL 1204 London Virtual Reality Expo 94 101-106 Fourth Annual Conference on Virtual Reality First UK National Survey of VR in Industry: Assessing Industry Perceptions of Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 777 Conference Proceedings Coblentz, A.; Fouillot, J.; Mollard, R.; Cabon, Ph. 1989 AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 478 - Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations. in French 18:1-18:9 Baisse de la Vigilance et Conscience de la Situation des Pilotes au Cours de Vols Long-Courriers -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 778 Generic Coco, G.P. Seattle, WA 1991 HITL 139 VEOS 1.0 World Designer's Manual -1 -1 October 14, 1991 Manual 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 779 Report Coco, G. P.; Lion, D. 1993 HITL R-93-2 Experiences with Asynchronous Communications Models in VEOS, a Distributed Programming Facility for Uniprocessor LAN's -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 780 Book Codella, C.; Jalili, R.; Koved, L. New York, NY, USA 1992 ACM none 329-334 Interactive Simulation in a Multi-Person Virtual World none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 781 Conference Proceedings Codella, C. F.; Jalili, R.; Koved, L.; Lewis, J. B. New York, NY 1993 IEEE IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium. VRAIS '93 development-systems. distributed-processing. graphical-user-interfaces. groupware. multi-access-systems. programming-environments. software-libraries. software-tools. virtual-reality. software development toolkit. virtual worlds. event matching. module aggregation. multi-user, distributed virtual environments. Virtual Reality Distributed Environment and Construction Kit. VR-DECK. development environment. I/O devices. run-time support. C++ class libraries. networking. inter-module data transport. event queuing. commonly used functions. X Window System graphical user interface. 401-407 A toolkit for developing multi-user, distributed virtual environments The design and operation of the Virtual Reality Distributed Environment and Construction Kit (VR-DECK) toolkit developed at IBM Research is reviewed. It provides a designer with a development environment while supporting distributed computing, multi-user capability, and a variety of I/O devices. Virtual worlds are built as collections of modules which communicate via events. Extensive run-time support in the form of extensive C++ class libraries insulates the application designer from the low-level system details such as networking, inter-module data transport, event queuing and matching, and I/O device communication. A library of pre-defined modules is provided for commonly used functions and devices. An X Window System graphical user interface is provided for aggregating modules into applications. The system enables a developer to focus on the design of the application rather than on systems and integration issues. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 782 Magazine Article Coghlan, A. New Scientist 1991 HITL 585 28 Computer Simulates Art on the Move -1 -1 September 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 783 Conference Proceedings Coglianese, L.; Smith, R. New York, NY, USA 1992 IEEE Proceedings. IEEE/AIAA 11th Digital Avionics Systems Conference aerospace-computer-control. aircraft-instrumentation. computer-architecture. computerised-navigation. software-engineering.avionics functions. avionics domain analysis. guidance. flight director-essential. real-time features. integrated avionics. computer aided software engineering. CASE. avionics software development. 143-148 Core Avionics Domain Analysis The authors outline the process, challenges, and preliminary results of performing a domain analysis for the avionics functions of navigation, guidance, and flight director-essential, real-time features of integrated avionics systems. They describe the relationships between the components of the architecture and the principles behind the architecture's organization. In particular, they present a first-level look at the preliminary design of the navigation component. The goal of the research discussed is to use domain analysis to engineer an architecture and associated components that allow the rapid development of requirements and software for avionics functions. Another aim is to overcome some of the shortcomings in software reuse and computer aided software engineering (CASE) for avionics software development. This research aims to free the software and system designers from the routine aspects of avionics development, thus giving them time to concentrate on engineering the best solution for -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 784 Journal Article Cohen, I. -1 pp. 167-179 Newton's Discovery of Gravity -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 785 Conference Proceedings Cohen, P. R.; Dalrymple, M.; Moran, D. B. 1989 ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 89) computer-graphics. interactive-systems. natural-languages. user-interfaces. direct manipulation. multimodal interface. graphical rendering. context. natural language anaphora. 227-233 Synergistic use of direct manipulation and natural language The integration of natural language with direct manipulation produces a multimodal interface that overcomes limitations of these techniques when used separately. Natural language helps direct manipulation in being able to specify objects and actions by description, while direct manipulation enables users to learn which objects and actions are available in the system. Furthermore, graphical rendering and manipulation of context provides a partial solution to difficult problems of natural language anaphora. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 786 Generic Cohen, M. 1991 HITL 1373 Two-Dimensional Audio Windows: Conferences, Concerts, and Cocktails 1-44 -1 -1 February 12 Draft Paper 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 787 Conference Proceedings Cohen, M.; Koizumi, N.; Aoki, S. 1992 HITL 1526 SICE Second International Symposium on Measurement and Control in Robotics 405-412 ISMCR '92 Design and Control of Shared Conferencing Environments for Audio Telecommunication -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 788 Conference Proceedings Cohen, M.; Aoki, S.; Koizumi, N. Tokyo, Japan 1993 HITL 86 IEEE Proceedings 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication 361-364 Augmented Audio Reality: Telepresence/VR Hybrid Acoustic Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 789 Conference Proceedings Cohen, M. Aizu-Wakamatsu, Japan 1993 HITL 122 John Wiley and Sons French-Japanese Workshop on Synthetic Worlds Besides Immersion: Overlaid Points of View and Frames of Reference -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 790 Conference Proceedings Cohen, M.; Koizumi, N. San Jose, CA 1993 HITL 332 1993 Symposium on Research Frontiers in Virtual Reality 85-91 Virtual Gain for Audio Windows -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 791 Journal Article Cohen, M. 1993 HITL 1529 International Journal of Man-Machine Studies 2 269-304 Throwing, Pitching and Catching Sound: Audio Windowing Models and Modes 39 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 792 Conference Proceedings Cohen, M. 1994 HITL 51 1994 TEX Users Group Annual Meeting 1001-1008 Dynamic Adaptive Character Generation and Spatial Expressiveness -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 793 Journal Article Cohen, M. 1994 Presence 1 87-93 Cybertokyo: a survey of public VRtractions [pre-print] 3 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 794 Journal Article Cohen, M. 1994 HITL 1538 Presence 1 87-93 Cybertokyo: A Survey of Public VRtractions 3 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 795 Conference Proceedings Cohen, M.; Koizumi, N. 1994 HITL 1528 IEEE/IEICE International Workshop on Networked Reality in Telecommunications NR94 Putting Spatial Sound Into Voicemail -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 796 Conference Proceedings Cohen, M. 1994 HITL 1527 Wakamatsu? International Workshop on Human Interface Technology IWHIT94 Using Audio Windows to Analyze Music -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 797 Conference Proceedings Cohen, M. 1994 HITL 1524 Second Annual International Conference on Virtual Reality and Persons With Disabilities Augmented Audio Reality: Design of a Spatial Sound GPS PGS -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 798 Generic COHF; CSTB Grants for Research on Information, Robotics, and Intelligent Systems 1991 Foundation, National Science HITL 186 Virtual Reality Planning Meeting -1 -1 January 14, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 799 Journal Article Cohn, D. 1993 CADalyst 8 pp. 52-55 Not Just Another Pretty Interface 8 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 800 Conference Proceedings Cohn, M. B.; Lam, M.; Fearing, R. S. Bellingham, WA 1993 SPIE Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. Telemanipulator technology feedback. tactile-sensors. telecontrol-equipment. geometric pattern recognition. tactile feedback. teleoperation. tactile display. spatio-temporal resolution. pneumatic actuators. linked sensor-display system. 240-254 Tactile feedback for teleoperation Focuses on the design of a 5*5 tactile display, and the fabrication problems surrounding high spatio-temporal resolution. Using pneumatic actuators and a mix of conventional and micromachining techniques, the authors have prototyped and characterized the display, and created a linked sensor-display system. The display was characterized in the usual manner of a linear system and the ability of human subjects to discriminate patterns, forces, and displacements was measured. The display was found to have a maximum force output of 340 milliNewton at each element, force resolution of 4.4 bits, and a frequency response of 7 Hz. Human subjects were able to recognize simple geometric patterns presented on the display, discriminate forces with 3.3 bits resolution, and sense displacements of 0.1 mm (5% of the array spacing). -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 801 Conference Proceedings Cole, R.; Parker, D. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies 18-27 Stereo TV Improves Manipulator Performance -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 802 Conference Proceedings Cole, K. 1989 Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting attention, expert vs. novice 877 Effects of Verbal and Spatial Memory Loading on Cognitive Recall Strategies none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 803 Conference Proceedings Cole, R.; Ikehara, C.; Merritt, J. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Stereoscopic Displays and Applications III Subject: liquid-crystal-displays. mirrors. telecontrol-equipment.Identifiers: low cost helmet-mounted camera/display system. teleoperator tasks. stereoscopic color viewing system. stereo camera pair. real time video input. LCD color monitors. modified Wheatstone mirror system. hard plastic helmet. modified backpack. support electronics. batteries. 9.5 lb. portable HMD, presence, depth cues, egocentric exocentric 228-235 A Low Cost Helmet-Mounted Camera/Display System for Field Testing Teleoperator Tasks Abstract: A low cost helmet-mounted stereoscopic color viewing system designed for field testing teleoperator tasks is described. A stereo camera pair was mounted on a helmet to allow testing of a helmet-mounted display with real time video input. The display consisted of a pair of LCD color monitors viewed through a modified Wheatstone mirror system. The components were arranged on a stable platform that was attached to a hard plastic helmet. The helmet weight (9.5 pounds) was supported by a modified backpack. This backpack also contained support electronics and batteries. Design, construction and evaluation tests of this viewing system are discussed. University of Hawaii, HI and Interactive Technologies, MA, USA -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 804 Conference Proceedings Coleman, W.; Williges, R.; Wixon, D. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1985 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 29th Annual Meeting 240-244 Collecting Detailed User Evaluations of Software Interfaces -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 805 Journal Article Coleman, J.; Goettsch, A.; Savchenko, A.; Kollman, H.; Wang, K.; Klement, E.; Bono, P. 1996 HITL 1310 Computers and Graphics 6 801-811 TeleInViVo: Towards Collaborative Volume Visualization Environments 20 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 806 Journal Article Collins, B. -1 Computer Graphics Forum Subject: data-visualisation.Identifiers: keyword bibliography. data visualization. application area. data source. data type. visualization technique. 1 data visualization pp. 47-73 Data Visualization: A Keyword Bibliography 12 Abstract: This keyword bibliography arose from a need to search a considerable number of references to data visualization. Each reference has been keyworded based upon the whole text and not just the abstract or the author's choice of keywords. The keywords are subdivided into four major classes, as follows:- application area, data source, data type, dimension and grid, and visualization technique. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 807 Conference Proceedings Collins, C.C. Lake Arrowhead, CA 1984 Warren, D.H.; Strelow, E.R. HITL 206 Martinus Nijhoff Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Visual Spatial Prostheses for the Blind 35-61 Electronic Spatial Sensing for the Blind: Contributions from Perception, Rehabilitation, and Computer Vision On Mobility Aids for the Blind -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 808 Journal Article Collins, A.; Brown, J.S.; Holum, A. 1991 HITL 614 American Educator 4 6,9,11,39,41,43,45 Cognitive Apprenticeship: Making Thinking Visible 15 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 809 Journal Article Collins, B. M. 1993 Computer Graphics Forum 1 47-73 Data visualization: a keyword bibliography 12 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 810 Magazine Article Collins, B. IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications 1993 13-15 From ruins to reality-the Dresden Frauenkirche -1 -1 Nov 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 811 Journal Article Combs, S.; Loschke, R.; Tauke, G. 1992 IEEE AES Magazine Subject: aerospace-computer-control. aerospace-computing. aircraft-control. attitude-control. management-information-systems. military-computing. velocity-control.Identifiers: pitch control. F-117A night attack aircraft. flight management system. speed control laws. flight management, workload pp. 49-55 Flight Management System of the F-117A Abstract: The authors describe the F-117A night attack aircraft flight management system (FMS). The need for and purpose of the system are described, and the design goals are identified. The various modes and their important features are presented. The pitch and speed control laws are shown. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 812 Magazine Article Comeau, C.P.; Bryan, J, S. Electronics 1961 HITL 682 86-90 Headsight Television System Provides Remote surveillance -1 -1 November 10, 1961 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 813 Generic Communications, High Performance Computing and World Wide Web -1 HITL 1181 Case Study 11: HPCC and Education -1 -1 Web Page Printout 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 814 Journal Article Compton, M. 1993 IRIS Universe 25 pp. 44-46 Virtual Fun -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 815 Generic Computer, Apple -1 HITL 414 Apple USA Training QuickTime VR Training Modules 1-3 -1 -1 Training Manuals 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 816 Generic Computer, Apple Cupertino, CA 1995 HITL 413 Apple Computer 1-20 QuickTime VR: An Overview of Apple's QuickTime VR Technology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 817 Magazine Article Condee, W.F. TD & T 1995 HITL 1159 9-15 Visualizing the Stage -1 -1 Winter 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 818 Conference Proceedings Connelly, E.; Myers, K.; Golden, M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting 1278-1281 A Measure of Effectiveness (MOE) Method and Software Aid, With a Case Study of a Soviet Artillery Unit -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 819 Magazine Article Conroy, C. Online Today -1 Furness. HITL. Human-computer interaction commercialized by new lab -1 -1 Nov 13 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 820 Report Consortium, CommerceNet 1995 HITL 1365 CommerceNet Consortium The CommerceNet/Nielsen Internet Demographics Survey -1 -1 Executive Summary 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 821 Generic Cooke, N.J.; Stout, R.J.Salas, E. -1 HITL 707 No Publication Found. Submitted to the Human factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting Colloquium on Multi-Crew Performance in Complex Military Systems Methods for Eliciting and Assessing the Shared Cognitions Underlying Team Situational Awareness -1 -1 Position Paper 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 822 Book Cooper, L. A.; Shepard, R. N. New York, NY, USA 1973 Academic Subject Major: IMAGERY. COGNITIVE-PROCESSES.Identifiers: chronometric studies, mental image rotation. mental rotation, spatial awareness 72-121 Chronometric Studies of the Rotation of Mental Images none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 823 Report Cooper, E. 1991 Fore Systems, Inc. Transmission of IP Datagrams over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks This memo specifies a method of transmitting IP datagrams over networks based on Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM). It is a preliminary proposal intended to promote further discussion and refinement. -1 -1 November 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 824 Journal Article Cornell, R. 1994 HITL 871 Educational Media International 4 211-213 Virtual Reality Examined...How Virtuous is the Reality? 31 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 825 Journal Article Cornell, R.; Bailey, D.; Bollet, R. 1994 HITL 872 Educational Media International 4 247-249 Virtual Reality: Therapeutic Tool or Time Bomb? 31 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 826 Book Cornilleau-Peres, V.; Droulez, J. Hillsdale, NJ, USA 1990 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. 3-D, illusory self-motion, peripheral vision 81-99 Three-Dimensional Motion Perception: Sensorimotor Interacitons and Computational Models none -1 -1 Warren, R. Wertheim, A. 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 827 Magazine Article Cornwell, R. Artscribe 1991 52-55 Where is the window? Virtual reality technologies now -1 -1 Jan 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 828 Journal Article Cornwell, R. 1992 HITL 530 Discourse 2 201-221 Interactive Art: Touching the "Body in the Mind" 14 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 829 Generic Corp., Ascension Technology Burlington, VT 1996 HITL1308 Ascention Technology Corp. Flock of Birds Real-Time Motion Tracker -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 830 Generic Corporation, Flogiston Austin, TX -1 HITL 1306 Flogiston Corporation 1 The Flostation -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 831 Generic Corporation, Folio World Wide Web 1995 HITL 1433 Folio Corporation What is an Infobase? -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 832 Personal Communication Corporation-for-Public-Broadcasting 1994 HITL 615 The CPB Community-Wide Education and Information Services Solicitation Guidelines -1 Education EdVR -1 January 4, 1994 Printout of an E-mail 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 833 Newspaper Article Corr, C. The Seattle Times Seattle, WA 1994 School ties University of Washington turns laboratory discoveries into a business alliances. -1 -1 May 16, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 834 Magazine Article Corrado, J. Design News 1984 pp. 108-109 Silicon Sensors Allow Smooth Touch -1 -1 November 19, 1984 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 835 Journal Article Corwin, W. 1992 The International Journal of Aviation Psychology Subject Major: AIRCRAFT-PILOTS. WORK-LOAD. MEASUREMENT. TEST-ADMINISTRATION.Subject Minor: RATING. POSTTESTING. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: inflight vs postflight probing time, Subjective Workload Assessment Technique, 44-58 yr old commercial airline pilots. 2 77-93 In-Flight and Postflight Assessment of Pilot Workload in Commerical Transport Aircraft Using the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique 2 Abstract: Examined the effect of probe timing (in-flight or postflight) for subjective assessment of flights containing both low and high levels of workload using the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique. 16 B-727 qualified airline pilots (aged 44-58 yrs) flew 3 flights on 2 separate occasions in a test-retest paradigm. No effect for probe timing (in-flight or postflight) was found for the nominal 30-min and communication flights. A significant (Probe Timing * Phase of Flight) interaction was found for the malfunction 1 hr 30 min flight. It appears that postflight ratings of high-workload events receive higher workload ratings than in-flight ratings of the same event. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 836 Conference Proceedings Costea, I. 1994 HITL 460 ICG 32nd Aerospace Science Meeting of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 89 Clearing the Clouds: Virtual Gas Dynamics -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 837 Journal Article Costella, J. P. -1 pre-print Motion extrapolation at the pixel level In this short note, considerations for the implementation of motion extrapolation on a pixel-by-pixel basis are discussed. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 838 Magazine Article Cotter, P. The New Pacific -1 pp. 15-18 Brave New World -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 839 Magazine Article Coull, T. -1 HITL 575 No Magazine Source Found 9-10 VR Applications: From Wall Street to Virtual Museums -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 840 Conference Proceedings Coull, T. 1991 Meckler Beyond the Vision 37-42 Texture-based virtual reality on a desktop computer using WorldToolKit -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 841 Journal Article Coull, T. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems 1 pp. 16-17 Virtual Reality and the Personal Computer: Bringing the Frontier Closer to Home 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 842 Journal Article Coull, T. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems 1 pp. 9-10 VR Applications: From Wall Street to Virtual Museums 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 843 Generic Council, National Science and Technology Arlington, VA 1997 HITL 808 National Coordination Office for Computing, Information and Communications 1-55 Advancing the Frontiers of Information Technology -1 -1 Supplement to the President's FY 1997 Budget 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 844 Magazine Article Coursey, D. MIS Week 1990 HITL 327 31 Information Theater Could Overthrow Traditional Information Refinery -1 -1 June 25, 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 845 Journal Article Cover, S. A.; Ezquerra, N. F.; O'Brien, J. F. 1993 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications computer-graphics. data-visualisation. medical-computing. medical-image-processing. interactively deformable models. surgery simulation. graphical models. real-time interactivity. laparoscopic surgery. endoscopes. video image. organs. gall bladder surgery. gastrointestinal organs. mathematical formalism. visualization. 6 68-75 Interactively deformable models for surgery simulation 13 A methodology that addresses important issues concerned with the underlying graphical models designed for surgical simulation, as well as issues related to the real-time interactivity with, and manipulation of, these models is presented. The specific application of interest is laparoscopic surgery, which is performed using endoscopes that present a video image of the organs to the clinicians. The surgeon then performs the surgery while looking at the video monitor. The particular focus is gall bladder surgery, which involves various gastrointestinal organs. The overall objective is to simulate this environment by creating realistic, manipulable models of these organs. The models are interactively manipulable and exhibit behavior both visually acceptable and physically accurate. The approach is based on the notion of active surfaces. The rationale, mathematical formalism, and visualization techniques encompassed by the methodology are described. Recent results obtained from applying these methods t -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 846 Book Section Cowan, A. Refraction of the Eye Philadelphia, PA 1948 HITL 977 Lea & Febiger 124-129 Refraction of the Eye -1 -1 third 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 847 Journal Article Cowen, R. -1 medical. medicine. Tickle Talker gives the deaf a touch of hearing -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 848 Journal Article Cowley, C. K.; Jones, D. M. 1992 Displays Technology and Applications 2 69-74 More Than Meets the Eye: Issues Relating to the Application of Speech Displays in Human-Computer Interaction 13 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 849 Magazine Article Coy, P. Business Week 1996 HITL 687 95 Patent-Surfing Comes to the Web -1 -1 May 6, 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 850 Book Coyne, R. D. -1 91-106 Tools for exploring associative reasoning in design Two tools for storing and recalling information in computer systems are discussed and demonstrated in relation to design. The tools are hypermedia and neural networks. Each provides a valuable model for reasoning by the association of ideas. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 851 Journal Article Coyne, R. 1994 Leonardo interactive-systems. philosophical-aspects. user-interfaces. virtual-reality. virtual reality. interactive computer systems. perception. data input. mental construction. socially constructed human practice. philosophy. Heidegger. 1 65-73 Heidegger and virtual reality: the implications of Heidegger's thinking for computer representations 27 This author addresses the assumptions that underlie most research into virtual reality (VR) and other interactive computer systems. These assumptions relate to tensions between views of perception as a matter of data input versus the notion of perception as mental construction. Similarly, there is a tension between the assumption that pictures are meaningful as representations of things and the opposing idea that pictures are meaningful as socially constructed human practices. Aspects of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger are invoked as a means of cutting through these dilemmas. This reading of Heidegger presents truthful representation as a matter of correspondence only when the truth is understood as a means of disclosing a world. The article concludes with practical suggestions for VR research and development appropriated from a Heideggerian perspective. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 852 Magazine Article Crabb, D. Byte 1990 pp. 174-178 Voice Recognition for a Song -1 -1 August 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 853 Magazine Article Crabb, G.; Laver, J. VR News 1996 HITL 411 2 25-27 On the Heritage Trail with QuickTime VR 5 -1 -1 March 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 854 Conference Proceedings Crabtree, M. S.; Marcelo, R. A. Q.; McCoy, A. L. Columbus, OH, USA 1993 Jensen, R. S.; ÊNeumeister, D. Aviation Psychology Laboratory, Ohio State University Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Aviation Psychology subjective metricss, situation awareness, attentional resources in VR training 891-895 An Examination of a Subjective Situational Awareness Measure During Training on a Tactical Operations Simulator none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 855 Journal Article Craig, J. 1985 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 1 pp. 238-246 Tactile Pattern Perception and its Perturbations 77 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 856 Magazine Article Cramblitt, B. Computer Graphics World 1993 19 World's Fastest Graphics Computer Ivex Corp is developing a flight simulator that uses Pixel-Planes 5 technology. -1 -1 Mar 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 857 Generic Cramer, P. B. -1 incomplete -situation awareness, attention, spatial awareness, cognitive load, heads up display, peripheral vision, workload, illusory self-motion, informiation display, depth cues (of interest to all) Enhanced Flight Crew Situation Awareness for Commercial Airplane Safety none, MEIE 599A -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 858 Magazine Article Cramer, J. Analog 1990 HITL pp. 103-107 A Visit to Virtual Seattle -1 -1 June 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 859 Magazine Article Cramer, J.G. Analog 1990 HITL 729 103, 106-107 A Visit to Virtual Seattle -1 -1 November 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 860 Generic Cramer, P. Seattle, WA, USA 1993 University of Washington situational and spatial awareness, peripheral vision, heads-up display, augmented vision, metrics for measuring "goodness" of the interface, virtual cockpit, information display, route knowledge, attention, cognitive load, heads up display, peripheral vision, workload, illusory self-motion, information display, depth cues (must read) Report for MEIE 599A Independent Study/Project. none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 861 Conference Proceedings Crampin, T. London, England 1991 Taylor & Francis Ltd. Contemporary Ergonomics 1991 : Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's 1991 Annual Conference workload measurement, metrics, novice vs. expert 118-123 Measuring Dynamic Human Performance in Warship Control Centers none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 862 Magazine Article Crawford, M. High Performance Computing C Week 1995 HITL 33 5 USDC: U.S. Advancing in Widening FPD Market -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 863 Journal Article Crease, R. P. 1993 Science 554-561 Biomedicine in the age of imaging 261 Sensitive imaging techniques, enhanced by the power of the computer, are opening up entirely new areas of research -- and also posing novel risks for the researches and clinincians. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 864 Journal Article Cremer, J.; Kearney, J.; Papelis, Y. 1996 HITL 485 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 16-20 Driving Simulation: Challenges for VR Technology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 865 Conference Proceedings Cress, J.D.; Hettinger, L.J.; Cunnigham, J.A.; Riccio, G.E.; McMillan, G.R.; Haas, M.W. 1996 HITL 452 HFES Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting 1131-1135 An Initial Evaluation of a Direct Vestibular Display in a Virtual Environment -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 866 Conference Proceedings Crittenden, L.; Ellis, N.; Koppa, R. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: acoustic-noise. aircraft. human-factors. speech-intelligibility.Identifiers: speech intelligibility. ambient noise. aircraft. human factors. time compressed speech. cockpit noise. comprehensibility. compression levels. compressed speech, information presentation 38-42 Consideration of Noise for the Use of Compressed Speech in a Cockpit Environment Abstract: Investigates the feasibility of using time compressed speech in a cockpit environment by examining the effect of cockpit noise on the intelligibility and comprehensibility of compressed speech. Research participants listened to cockpit-oriented verbal messages and were required to write them down afterwards. Results revealed a significant difference in compression levels between the environment without the ambient cockpit noise and the noise environment. The primary finding of this study was an interaction between noise and compression level. Implications of this research are made for the design of advanced crew systems. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 867 Conference Proceedings Cromby, J.J.; Standen, P.J.; Newman, J.; Tasker, H. 1996 HITL 1206 First European Conference on VR Disability and Associated Technology 103-107 Sucessful Transfer to the Real World of Skills Practised in a Virtual Environment by Students with Severe Learning Difficulties -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 868 Journal Article Cromby, J.J.; Standen, P.J.; Brown, D. 1996 HITL 1205 Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 6 489-501 The Potentials of Virtual Environments in the Education and Training of People With Learning Disabilities 40 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 869 Book Crosson, D. 1993 none pp. 34-37 Human Factors in Underwater Systems 31 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 870 Journal Article Crow, F. 1987 Computer Graphics 1 3-7 Abstracts from the 1986 workshop on interactive 3D graphics 21 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 871 Conference Proceedings Crowe, M. X. 1994 NASA Conference Publications ISMCR '94: Topical Workshop on Virtual Reality 57-63 An applications-oriented approach to the development of virtual environments This paper describes the development process used by GreyStone in the creation of virtual environments to support complex information transfer. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 872 Conference Proceedings Crowley, J.; Rash, C.; Stephens, R. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers - Helmet-Mounted Displays III Subject: aerospace-testing. aircraft-instrumentation. display-instrumentation. image-intensifiers. image-sensors. infrared-imaging. military-equipment.Identifiers: military aviation. night vision devices. visual illusions. military helicopter. image intensification. thermal imaging. fatigue. drift. clearance. height. attitude. external lights. depth perception. brightness. physiological effects. FLIR. human factors. safety. 166-180 Visual Illusions and Other Effects with Night Vision Devices Abstract: To investigate the breadth of visual illusions experienced by aviators flying with night vision devices (NVDs), an open-ended questionnaire was distributed to the military helicopter community. Of the 242 returned questionnaires, there were 221 image intensification (I/sup 2/) reports and 21 thermal imaging system reports. Most sensory events occurred at night, during low illumination, good weather, and over varied terrain. Contributing factors included inexperience, division of attention, and fatigue. Frequently reported illusions were misjudgments of drift, clearance, height above the terrain, and attitude. Also reported were illusions due to external lights and disturbed depth perception caused by differences in brightness between I/sup 2/ tubes. Other respondents cited hardware problems and physiolog -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 873 -1 attention, depth perception, night vision, visual illusions -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 874 Journal Article Cruickshank, D. -1 IRIS Universe 25 pp. 54-58 Navigating the Brain -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 875 Journal Article Cruz-Neira, C.; Sandin, D.; Defanti, T. 1992 Communications of the ACM 6 pp. 65-72 The Cave: Audio Visual Experience Automatic Virtual Environment 35 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 876 Conference Proceedings Cruz-Neira, C.; Leigh, J.; Papka, M.; Barnes, C.; Cohen, S.M.; Das, S.; Engelman, R.; Hudson, R.; Roy, T.; Siegel, L.; Vasilakis, C.; DeFanti, T.A.; Sandin, D.J. Los Alamitos, CA, USA 1993 HITL 696 IEEE Proceedings IEEE 1993 Symposium on Research Frontiers in Virtual Reality data-visualisation. user-interfaces. virtual-reality. visualization applications. CAVE. virtual reality environment. Electronic Visualization Laboratory. computational scientists. research tool. Report obtained from WWW. 59-66 Scientists in wonderland: A report on visualization applications in the CAVE virtual reality environment The authors present the experiences at the Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL) in introducing computational scientists to the use of virtual reality as a research tool. They describe the virtual environment, the CAVE. They then describe several applications currently being developed at EVL using the CAVE and conclude with a discussion on possible research paths to follow in making virtual reality an effective tool for visualization. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 877 Book Cruz-Neira, C.; Sandin, D.; DeFanti, T. New York, NY, USA 1993 ACM SIGGRAPH surround sound, CAVE, depth cues, augmented reality (all read) 135-142 Surround-Screen Projection-Based Virtual Reality: The Design and Implementation of the CAVE noneEVL, University of IllinoisAnaheim, CA -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 878 Report Cunningham, F.; Ernst, B.; Davisson, R.; McIntyre, C.; MacKenzie, A.; Muirhead, R.; Pocock, S.; Stoltenberg, J.; Tytus, W.; Young, K. 1989 HITL 723 Center for Rowing Science, the Department of Physics, UW UWSEA-PUB-89-15 Basic Research in Rowing. Improving Evaluation of Rowers, Techniques, Equipment and Training -1 -1 July 13, 1989 Proposal 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 879 Journal Article Cuqlock-Knopp, V.; Whitaker, L. 1993 The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 3 511-520 Spatial Ability and Land Navigation Under Degraded Visual Conditions 35 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 880 Magazine Article Cutler, B. American Demographics 1990 on-line interactive information and entertainment pp. 24-61 The fifth medium A new medium is emerging that may be more powerful than newspapers, magazines, and television put together -1 -1 June 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 881 Conference Proceedings Cutt, P. 1991 Meckler Beyond the Vision p. 43 The Sense of Touch in Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 882 Journal Article Cuypers, M.J.H.; Constable, I.J. 1992 HITL 898 Retina 2 141-146 A New Magnifying Indirect Stereo Opthalmoscope 12 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 883 Magazine Article D'Amico, M.; Rahmat, O.; Wright, G.; Milano, D. Interactivity 1996 HITL 117 78-83 Affordable Realtime 3D Truth or Fiction? -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 884 Journal Article d'Auria, L.; Huignard, J.P.; Roy, A.M.; Spitz, E. 1972 HITL 918 Optics Communications 4 232-235 Photolithographic Fabrication of thin Film Lenses 5 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 885 Conference Proceedings D'Cruz, M.D.; Eastgate, R.M.; Wilson, J.R. 1996 HITL 1311 1-8 VR World '96 Towards a Structured Methodology for the Industrial Application of Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 886 Conference Proceedings D'Cruz, M.; Eastgate, R.; Wilson, J.R. Santa Clara, CA 1997 HITL 1210 Virtual Reality Universe '97 A Study into the Issues Involved When Applying Virtual Environment Technology to Training Applications -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 887 Conference Proceedings Dahl, S.; Laughery, K. R.; Hood, L. London, England 1991 Taylor & Francis Ltd Contemporary Ergonomics 1991 : Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's 1991 Annual Conference 151-156 Integrating Task Network and Anthropometric Models none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 888 Journal Article Dalton, D.W.; Hannafin, M.J.; Hooper, S. -1 HITL 287 Education Technology Research &Development 2 15-24 Effects of Individual and Cooperative Computer-Assisted Instruction on Student Performance and Attitudes 37 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 889 Journal Article Dalton, D.W. 1990 HITL 305 Journal of Computer-Based Instrution 1 8-16 The Effects of Cooperative Learning Strategies on Achievement and Attitudes During Interactive Video 17 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 890 Journal Article Damarin, S.K. 1993 HITL 1534 Educational Technology 3 27-32 Schooling and Situated Knowledge: Travel or Tourism? 33 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 891 Generic Daniel, M.; Glew, K.; Moore, R.; Prothero, D.; VanderGriendt, C.; Zettler, K. Unpublished 1996 HITL 798 1-17 VR for PR ...Seeing is Believing -1 -1 Presentation Handout 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 892 Conference Proceedings Dannenberg, R.B. 1993 HITL 664 SPIE Enabling Technologies for High-Bandwidth Applications 230-237 Remote Access to Interactive Media -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 893 Report Darken, R.; Bergen, D. 1992 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and The George Washington University A Virtual Environment System Architecture for Large Scale Simulations -1 -1 September 24, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 894 Conference Proceedings Darken, R. P.; Sibert, J. L. New York, NY 1993 HITL 1232 ACM Sixth Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. UIST '93 computerised-navigation. digital-simulation. virtual-reality. virtual environments. navigation. real world analogs. avian navigation behaviors. human navigation. real world navigation aids. maps. virtual reality. 157-165 A toolset for navigation in virtual environments Maintaining knowledge of current position and orientation is frequently a problem for people in virtual environments. We present a toolset of techniques based on principles of navigation derived from real world analogs. We include a discussion of human and avian navigation behaviors and show how knowledge about them were used to design our tools. We also summarize an informal study we performed to determine how our tools influenced the subjects' navigation behavior. We conclude that principles extracted from real world navigation aids such as maps can be seen to apply in virtual environments. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 895 Conference Proceedings Darken, R. P.; Sibert, J. L. 1993 ACM UIST '93 Subject: pattern-recognition.Identifiers: decision fusion strategies. multisensor target recognition/tracking environments. parallel fusion. recursive structure. reliability. optimal fusion techniques. consistency-measure-dependent fusion scheme. 157-165 A Toolset for Navigation in Virtual Environments none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 896 Conference Proceedings Darken, R. 1994 HITL 1230 SPIE Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems 365-371 hands-Off Interaction With Menus in Virtual Spaces -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 897 Journal Article Darken, R.P.; Sibert, J.L. 1996 HITL 1233 International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 1 49-72 Navigating Large Virtual Spaces 8 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 898 Conference Proceedings Darken, R.P.; Sibert, J.L. 1996 HITL 1231 ACM ACM CHI 96 142-149 Wayfinding Strategies and Behaviors in Large Virtual Worlds -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 899 Conference Proceedings Darken, R.P.; Darken, C.J. 1996 HITL 1229 SPIE Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems VR + AI = Intelligent Environments: A Synergistic Approach to Engineering Design Support -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 900 Report Darrell, T.; Moghaddam, B.; Pentland, A.P. 1996 HITL 450 MIT Media Laboratory Perceptual Computing Group 356 Active Face Tracking and Pose Estimation in an Interactive Room -1 -1 Technical 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 901 Magazine Article Das, S.; Nadas, A. Byte 1992 Voice-recognition -- Innovations. Voice-recognition. New-Technique. Research-and-Development. Future-Technologies. Trends. Tutorial. CMPT. Computers and Office Automation 4 pp. 151-160 The power of speech 17 Automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology has made many strides in recent years and is now used to expedite a wide variety of tasks, although most current systems handle only a small capacity of several hundred words or less. A typical ASR configuration consists of an I/O interface, a microphone for speech input and a microcomputer which processes voice data. Two experimental prototype ASR systems are MIT's Voyager, which can interactively answer questions about hotels, hospitals, restaurants and other establishments in a local area, and Tangora, a voice-operated typewriter developed by IBM. A detailed technical description of ASR is presented. Most current ASR systems work better if the user inputs isolated words rather than a continuous stream, and the systems with unlimited vocabulary are not yet practical. Another necessity is a way to correct the mistakes any speech recognizer will make. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 902 Journal Article Dasarathy, B. 1991 IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 1140-1154 Decision Fusion Strategies in Multisensor Environments 21 Abstract: Efficient decision fusion strategies for deriving optimal decisions in multisensor target recognition/tracking environments are analyzed. The problem is viewed as one of parallel fusion of the individual independent decisions with a recursive structure that permits enhancement of the reliability of the fused decision. Instead of a voting-based fusion approach, this recursive structure can be combined with any one of the other optimal fusion techniques as well. An analysis based on a simple voting or consistency-measure-dependent fusion scheme is presented to illustrate the recursive model and its benefits. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 903 Conference Proceedings Davis, R. 1992 IEEE AES Systems Magazine Subject: data-compression. image-processing. local-area-networks. military-systems.Identifiers: military systems. data compression. Joint Service Imagery Processing System. tactically deployable image processing. digital imagery. multiple sensor. real-time imagery. data storage. near lossless image compression. high-speed LANs. storage hierarchy. shock isolation. transportability. security design. communication links. pp. 12-36 The Joint Service Imagery Processing System (JSIPS) Abstract: A description is given of a modular, tactically deployable image processing system, capable of receiving, processing, exploiting, and disseminating digital imagery from multiple sensor types and sources and providing intelligence reports to the field commander in an average of 15 min from the receipt of real-time imagery. Most JSIPS systems are packaged in 8*8*10-ft. or 8*8*20-ft. shelters that are transportable by truck, rail, ship, aircraft, or helicopter. Since tactically deployable image processing systems demand high data rates and large data storage capacities in very small spaces, key JSIPS technologies include near lossless image compression, high-speed LANs, and a storage hierarchy with the highest bits/in/sup 3/ densities possible. Other key technologies are shock isolation to meet stringent trans -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 904 -1 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 905 Magazine Article Davis, E. The South Atlantic Quarterly 1993 HITL 524 4 585-615 Techgnosis: Magic, Memory, and the Angels of Information 92 -1 -1 Fall 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 906 Magazine Article Davis, E. Wired 1996 ITL 569 138-140, 190, 192 Osmose -1 -1 August 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 907 Journal Article Davison, W. 1986 Journal of the American Society for Information Science 6 pp. 418-422 The International Telecommunications Environment 37 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 908 Journal Article Davison, A. 1995 HITL 476 Dr. Dobbs Sourcebook 13-19 Animation Using the Netscape Browser -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 909 Magazine Article Daviss, B. Discover 1990 HITL 333 Super cockpit. 36-41 Grand Illusions Reality isnt always what you want it to be. But artifical reality is. Welcome to the future. -1 -1 June 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 910 Journal Article Dawn, T. 1994 Electronic Review architectural-CAD. software packages. air flow. computerized building design. Vegas. virtual egress analysis and simulation. Colt international. 3 38-40 Virtually no smoke without fire (virtual reality in building design) 227 Virtual reality has been hailed as the future of computerised building design. The author looks at the Vegas (virtual egress analysis and simulation) package of Colt international which is used to simulate the effects of fire and smoke on people attempting to leave a building during an emergency. Air flow in buildings is also examined by Colt International. As a result of the simulations, buildings can be designed to minimise the effects of fires on people. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 911 Conference Proceedings de Caro, C. 1993 HITL 1515 SPIE Airbourne Reconnaissance XVII 278-283 Television Enhanced Situational Awareness (TESA): A Better C3I Methodology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 912 Magazine Article De Groot, M. Unix Review -1 HITL 125 8 32-36 Virtual Reality 8 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 913 Book de Weert, C. Berlin, Germany 1988 Springer-Verlag depth perception, color 27-40 The Use of Color in Visual Displays none ÊMulder, G. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 914 Book Section December, J. HTML and CGI Unleashed Indianapolis, IN 1995 HITL 111 Sams Pub. 716-741 Designing a Web -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 915 Conference Proceedings Dede, C. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace pp. 20-21 Visualizing Cognition: Depicting Mental Models in Cyberspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 916 Journal Article Dede, C. J. 1992 Educational Technology computer-aided-instruction. economic-and-sociologic-effects. education. hypermedia. multimedia-systems. virtual worlds. hypermedia. knowledge construction. visualization. virtual communities. artificial worlds. multimedia. information infrastructure. educational reform. information overload. 5 54-60 The future of multimedia: bridging to virtual worlds 32 The article briefly describes two stages of multimedia's potential development: incorporating hypermedia to enable knowledge construction by learners, and using visualization and virtual communities to create artificial worlds. Such an evolution would make multimedia the core of an information infrastructure that could be a driveshaft for educational reform. Without such a transformation, multimedia risks continuing its present status as a hood ornament for the conventional classroom, contributing some motivation at the risk of causing intellectual indigestion through information overload. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 917 Journal Article Dede, C.J. 1992 HITL 1536 Educational Technology 5 54-60 The Future of Multimedia: Bridging to Virtual Worlds 32 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 918 Conference Proceedings Dede, C.J. 1993 HITL 371 Association for Advanced Computer Education ED-MEDIA 93 123-130 World Conference on Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia Evolving From Multimedia to Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 919 Generic Dede, C. 1995 HITL 1404 1-10 Testimony to the U.S. Congress House of Representatives, Joint Hearing on Educational Technology in the 21st Century -1 -1 October 12 Transcript of Testimony 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 920 Magazine Article Deering, M. Computer Graphics 1992 HITL 141 2 195-201 High Resolution Virtual Reality 26 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 921 Conference Proceedings Deering, M. Toronto, Ontario, Canada 1993 HITL 348 Canadian Information Processing Society Proceedings of Graphics Interface '93 219-226 Making Virtual Reality More Real: Experience with the Virtual Portal -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 922 Conference Proceedings Deering, M. F. Piscataway, NJ 1993 IEEE VRAIS '93 computational-complexity. rendering-computer-graphics. virtual-reality.data complexity. screen space rendering statistics. virtual reality. triangles. subjective esthetics. tessellations. pixels. 357-363 Data complexity for virtual reality: where do all the triangles go? Screen space rendering statistics are gathered from 150 3D objects, each modeled by between 2-K and 40-K triangles. While there is wide variance by individual object, the overall trend is that the distribution of triangles by screen size is roughly exponential in the direction of small triangles. From a subjective esthetics point of view, tessellations require 10-K visible triangles per quarter million pixels covered for acceptable results. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 923 Book Deering, M. New York, NY, USA 1993 IEEE Alternatives to hmd. depth cues, augmented reality (interesting) 141-147 Explorations of Display Interfaces for Virtual Reality none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 924 Book Deering, M. F. Palo Alto, CA, U.S.A. 1993 Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Subject: computer-graphic-equipment. interactive-devices. screens-display. virtual-reality.Identifiers: virtual reality. Virtual Portal. display systems. rear screen projectors. head-tracked stereo display. stereoscopic display, head tracking, augmented reality, Importance of image stabilization on spatial localization, field of view, realism, perceptual resolution (CAVE) 219-225 Making Virtual Reality More Real: Experience with Virtual Portal Abstract: The technical limitations of early virtual reality systems made them mere teasers for showing the potential of the technology. Since these early days, many researchers have focused on understanding the display factors affecting quality and realism in virtual reality display systems. This paper surveys such work, and presents some new data based on experience with the Virtual Portal: a new high-resolution, low-distortion, inclusive virtual reality display system, built with three rear screen projectors covering three sides of a small room with head-tracked stereo display. Successes and limitations of this new technology are discussed. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 925 Generic DeFanti, T.A. -1 HITL 235 Virtual Reality: Immersed in High Performance Computing and Communications -1 -1 Script for Videotape 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 926 Book Defanti, T. A.; Brown, M. D. Boston, MA 1991 Academic Press, Inc. 248-305 Advances in Computers Visualization in Scientific Computing 33 Yovits, M. C. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 927 Report Defense, Department of 1994 HITL 906 US Government FY 1994 Small Business Innovation Research Program -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 928 Report Defense, Department of 1996 HITL 9907 US Government FY 1996 Small Business Innovation Research Program -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 929 Report Defense, Department of 1997 HITL 908 US Government FY 1997 Small Business Innovation Research Program -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 930 Magazine Article Deitz, D. Mechanical Engineering 1990 p. 140 Virtually Real -1 -1 January 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 931 Conference Proceedings del Galdo, E.; Williges, R.; Williges, B.; Wixon, D. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1986 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 30th Annual Meeting pp. 19-23 An Evaluation of Critical Incidents for Software Documentation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 932 Journal Article DeLanda, M. 1995 HITL 825 Leonardo 5 357-360 Virtual Environments and the Concept of Synergy 28 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 933 Magazine Article Delaney, B. Virtual Reality Special Report -1 HITL 1033 21-24 A Survey of Head Mounted Displays -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 934 Magazine Article Delaney, B. Virtual Reality Special Report 1992 Congress. Furness. HITL. 35-38 Big brother is watching "New Developments in Computer Technology: Virtual Reality." Washington held a meeting and the world held its breath: now its finally official -- the politicians are aware of virtual reality. -1 -1 June 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 935 Journal Article Delaney, B. 1994 New Media 8 40-48 Virtual reality lands the job 4 Virtual reality is not only packing them in at the arcades, it's bringing new dimensions to marketing, medicine, training and design. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 936 Journal Article delori, F.C.; Gragoudas, E.S. 1976 HITL 963 Annals of Opthalmology 703-709 Examination of the Ocular Fundus With Monochromatic Light -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 937 Journal Article Delp, S.; Loan, P.; Hoy, M. 1990 IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 8 pp. 757-767 An Interactive Graphics-Based of the Lower Extremity to Study Orthopaedic Surgical Procedures 37 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 938 Journal Article Delp, S. L. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems medicine - medical 3 14-16 Building biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal system for surgical simulations 1 Process creates computer models that give insight into the body's underlying function. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 939 Journal Article Dennehy, M. T.; Nesbitt, D. W.; Sumey, R. A. 1994 Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest command-and-control-systems. computer-graphic-equipment. distributed-processing. military-systems. real-time-systems. three-dimensional-displays. virtual-reality. real-time 3D graphics display. antiair warfare. command and control. air defense. aircraft traffic. virtual environment. Applied Physics Laboratory. object-oriented computer program. distributed program. 2 110-119 Real-time three-dimensional graphics display for antiair warfare command and control 15 Control of air defense operations-antiair warfare-requires commanders to interpret and act on computer-generated graphical representations of aircraft traffic throughout a defended area. A watch officer's ability to interpret this virtual environment rapidly and correctly determines operational success. As part of a continuing effort to improve coordination of antiair warfare, the Applied Physics Laboratory is building a prototype system having as one of its functions a three-dimensional perspective display that can improve the commander's effectiveness in assessing a tactical situation. A distributed, object-oriented computer program has been developed to provide the performance and adaptability required for this approach to graphical display. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 940 Journal Article Derefeldt, G.; Hedin, C.-E. 1989 HITL 155 Displays 134-146 Visualization of VDU Colours by Means of the CIELUV Colour Space July 1989 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 941 Journal Article DeRose, T.; Bailey, M. L.; Barnard, B. 1989 The Visual Computer Bezier. B-spline - CAGD - hardware. 5 264-277 Apex: two architectures for generating parametric curves and surfaces 5 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 942 Report DeRose, A.; Duchamp; McDonald; Stuetzle, W. 1993 University of Washington 3D Scanning: From Physical Objects to Electronic Models -1 -1 October 20, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 943 Journal Article Derry, S.J. 1992 HITL 616 Journal of Educational Psychology 4 413-418 Beyond Symbolic Processing: Expanding Horizons for Educational Psychology 84 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 944 Conference Proceedings Dervin, B. 1983 HITL 523 International Communication Association Annual Meeting 1-72 An Overview of Sense-Making Research: Concepts, Methods, and Results to Date -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 945 Report Dervin, B.; Fraser, B.; Gilson, D.; Pusateri, R.; Musselwhite, L.D. 1985 HITL519 University of the Pacific Department of Communication, Stackton, CA Eric # ED264857 How Libraries Help -1 -1 October 1985 State Research Report 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 946 Journal Article Dervin, B.; Dewdney, P. 1986 HITL 522 RQ 4 506-513 Neutral Questioning: A New Approach to the Reference Interview 25 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 947 Book Section Dervin, B.; Clark, K. 1987 The Need and the Purpose: -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 948 ASQ: Alternative Tools For Information Need and Accountablity Assessments by Libraries Belmont, CA -1 HITL The Peninsula Library System 1-48 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 949 Book Section Dervin, B. Public Communication Campaigns Newbury Park, CA 1989 Rice, R.E.; Paisley, W.J. HITL 517 Sage Also contains the deleted footnotes and a complete set of the originally used references 67-86 Audience as Listener and Learner, Teacher and Confidant -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 950 Conference Proceedings Dervin, B. University of Tampere, Finland 1990 HITL 516 PUHE '90 1-24 Finnish Communication Conference Communication: Society's Glue, For Better, For Worse -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 951 Journal Article Dervin, B. 1991 Communication Theory 1 pp. 59-69 Comparative Theory Reconceptualized: From Entities and States to Processess and Dynamics 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 952 Generic Dervin, B. 1991 HITL 515 1-27 Information as Non-Sense: Information as Sense: The Communication Technology Connection -1 -1 Unpublished paper, other versions of which were presented at two conferences 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 953 Edited Book Dervin, B. Qualitative Research in Information Management Englewood, CO 1992 Glazier, J.D.; Powell, R.R. HITL 514 Libraries Unlimited From the Mind's Eye of the 'User': The Sense-Making Qualitative-Quantitative Methodology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 954 Book Dervin, B.; Clark, K. 1993 Wasko, J. Ablex Publishing Corporation Communication and Democracy(?) Communication and Democracy: A Mandate for Procedural Invention Slavko, S. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 955 Journal Article Dery, M. 1993 ARTnews 2 pp. 74-83 Art Goes High Tech 92 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 956 Journal Article Dewey, D. -1 HITL 902 Corneal and Retinal Energy Density With Various Laser Beam Delivery Systems and Contact Lenses -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 957 Conference Proceedings Diamond, K. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 22-23 The Psychotherapeutic Possibilities of Cyberspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 958 Conference Proceedings Dickerson, J.; Kosko, B. New York, NY, USA 1993 IEEE Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '93) 471-477 Virtual Worlds as Fuzzy Cognitive Maps -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 959 Conference Proceedings Dickinson, R. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies 173-180 A Unified Approach to the Design of Visualization Software for the Analysis of Field Problems -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 960 Book Section Dickson, E.M. The Video Telephone New York, NY 1973 HITL 785 Praeger Publishers 102-113 Human Response to Video Telephones -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 961 Conference Proceedings Didner, R.; Butler, K. New York, NY, USA 1982 IEEE IEEE...Proceedings of the International Conference on Cybernetics and Society 415-419 Information Requirements for User Decision Support: Designing Systems from Back to Front -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 962 Conference Proceedings Dieberger, A. New York, NY, USA 1993 ACM ACM Conference on Hypertext The Information City: A Step towards Merging of Hypertext and Virtual Reality (Poster) -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 963 Conference Proceedings Dieberger, A.; Tromp, J. G. 1993 Proceedings of the Symposium Virtual Reality The Information City Project - A Virtual Reality User Interface for Navigation in Information Spaces -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 964 Journal Article Dietrich, F. 1986 The Visual Computer Computerized media. computer graphics. computer art. digital aesthetics. symbolic representation. 3 135-151 Digital media: bridges between data particles and artifacts 2 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 965 Journal Article Dietzel, R.; Bird, M.; Kohler, A.; Olmstead, P. 1994 HITL 874 Educational Media International 4 238-241 Adding Virtual Reality to the Curriculum - a Fictional Example 31 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 966 Journal Article Digiano, C.; Buxton, W. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems 1 pp. 60-62 Using Non-Speech Audio at the Interface 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 967 Magazine Article Dilworth, D.C. Trial 1993 HITL 1504 13-15 Virtual Reality: Coming Soon to a Courtroom Near You? -1 -1 July 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 968 Report Diner, D.; Sydow, M.; Fender, D.H. 1993 HITL 1502 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Was Published in NASA Tech Briefs vol. 17, no. 9, item #30 contract # NAS 7-918 Subpixel Resolution in Depth Percieved Via 3-D Television -1 -1 September JPL New Technology Report 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 969 Magazine Article Ditlea, S. PC Computing 1989 pp. 91-101 Another World: Inside Artificial Reality -1 -1 November 1989 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 970 Magazine Article Ditlea, S. PC/Computing 1996 HITL 397 5 171-176 3D Gets Real! 9 -1 -1 May 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 971 Journal Article Dixon, A. R.; Kirby, G. H.; Wills, D. P. M. 1994 Computer Graphics Forum computational-geometry. computer-graphics. fractals. geographic-information-systems. geophysics-computing. spatial-data-structures. artificial terrain generation. data structure. spatial data consistency. recursive subdivision algorithms. fractal modelling. fractional Brownian motion. recursive subdivision techniques. polyhedral data structures. polygons. edge-based data structure. neighbouring polygons. artificial terrain. quadrilateral. hexagons. computer graphics. triangles. fractal geometry. random midpoint displacement. polyhedral data structure. 1 37-47 A data structure for artificial terrain generation 13 This paper addresses the problems of maintaining the consistency of spatial data under recursive subdivision algorithms for artificial terrain generation. Fractal modelling techniques are outlined, with particular reference to those based on fractional Brownian motion, and included is a brief history of recursive subdivision techniques. Existing polyhedral data structures are reviewed and shown to be inadequate for maintenance of consistency as polygons are subdivided. A new edge-based data structure is presented which provides for the efficient use and consistent storage of spatial data under these conditions. The data structure is applicable to polygons of any order and allows neighbouring polygons of different order to be stored and subdivided. Artificial terrain is demonstrated from subdivision of the hexagon, of the quadrilateral and of a combination of hexagons, quadrilaterals and triangles. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 972 Journal Article DiZio, P.; Lackner, J.R. 1988 HITL 216 Experimental Brain Research 485-495 The Effects of Gravitoinertial Force Level and Head Movements on Post-Rotational Nystagmus and Illusory After-Rotation 70 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 973 Book DiZio, P.; Lackner, J. 1988 sim sickness, illusory self-motion (rotation) pp. 485-495 The Effects of Gravitoinertial Force Level and Head Movements on Post-Rotational Nystagmus and Illusory After-Rotation 70 noneBrandeis University, MA -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 974 Journal Article Dmitriev, V. A.; Morozenko, Y. V.; Tzarenkov, B. V.; Chelnokov, V. E. 1992 Displays, Technology and Applications crystal-growth-from-melt. light-emitting-diodes. liquid-phase-epitaxial-growth. semiconductor-materials. semiconductor-technology. silicon-compounds. blue LED. semiconductor materials. violet light-emitting diodes. ion implantation. CVD epitaxy. liquid-phase epitaxy. container. electromagnetic field suspension. SiC. Sn. Ga. 2 97-106 Silicon carbide blue and violet light-emitting diodes 13 The characteristics and performance data for blue and violet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made from silicon carbide (SiC) are presented. Existing technologies for the production of SiC pn structures (ion implantation, CVD epitaxy, and various modifications of liquid-phase epitaxy) are considered, and the corresponding LEDs are compared on the basis of their rated performance. Particular emphasis is placed on liquid-phase epitaxy of SiC from the silicon melt, in view of its leading position in the efficiency levels achieved to date by SiC LEDs. Details are given of two modifications of liquid-phase epitaxy: one employing a container, and another using electromagnetic field suspension. Low-temperature liquid-phase epitaxy from the Sn and Ga melts is briefly described. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 975 Magazine Article Dobrow, R. Gadgetworld 1994 1 pp. 2-7 Virtual Reality Blasts Off! 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 976 Generic Doi, M.; Umeki, N.; Harashima, T.; Matsuda, K. -1 HITL 13 No Publication Found 1-9 An Integrated Virtual Environment System for Operating Room - VIGOR: Virtual Environment for Visual Engineering and Operation -1 -1 Journal Article Format 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 977 Journal Article Dolecek, Q. E. 1994 John Hopkins APL Technical Digest 2 137-142 Computer-generated stereoscopic displays 15 Discusses how people see three-dimensionally and stereoscopically, how electrostereoscopic displays work, and how they mesh with the visual system. The use of visual cues in stereoscopic images and the use of a distortion-free algorithm for generating stereoscopic images are also presented. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 978 Book Doll, T.; Folds, D. 1986 Subject Major: AIRCRAFT. AUDITORY-STIMULATION. AUDITORY-DISCRIMINATION. HUMAN-FACTORS-ENGINEERING. MAN-MACHINE-SYSTEMS-DESIGN.Subject Minor: PERFORMANCE. MILITARY-PERSONNEL.Identifiers: human factors principles, design & evaluation of speech vs nonspeech auditory signals in military aircraft. pp. 257-264 Auditory Signals in Military Aircraft: Ergonomic Principles Versus Practice Abstract: Reviews human factors research related to the design of speech and nonspeech signals for military aircraft and evaluates the auditory signals used in the F-4D, F-15, 2 models of the F-16, the C-5, and the C-141. It is reported that (1) auditory signals are not standardized among the aircraft, even between those with similar combat roles; (2) a relatively large number of nonspeech auditory signals are used, making it difficult for the crew to recall the meanings of all the signals; (3) some nonspeech signals are sufficiently similar that they may be confused, particularly in high workload and stressful conditions; and (4) the criticality of the warnings is not reliably indicated by any characteristic of the signals. Areas requiring further research include reducing signal loudness and enhancing the distincti -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 979 -1 auditory signals in military aircraft -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 980 Report Doll, T.; Gerth, T.; Engelman, W.; Folds, D. 1986 Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Development of Simulated Directional Audio for Cockpit Applications -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 981 Journal Article Doll, T.J.; Hanna, T.E. 1995 HITL 879 The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 2 341-355 Spatial and Spectral Release from Masking in Three-Dimensional Auditory Displays 37 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 982 Book Don, A. Reading, MA, USA 1990 Addison-Wesley The Art of Human Computer Interface Design Narrative and the Interface Laurel, B. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 983 Magazine Article Donath, J.S. Multimedia Tools and Applications 1995 HITL 63 The Illustrated Conversation 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 984 Conference Proceedings Donath, J.S. Princeton, NJ 1995 HITL 65 IEEE IEEE International Workshop on Community Networking Sociable Information Spaces -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 985 Journal Article Donchin, E. 1989 HITL 617 Acta Psychologica 1-15 The Learning Strategies Project 71 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 986 Conference Proceedings Donn, M.; Waeber, B. Bellingham, WA, USA 1991 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Airborne Reconnaissance XV 189-200 CCD Performance Model for Airborne Reconnaissance none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 987 Magazine Article Donovan, J. W. Byte 1991 177-183 Intel/IBM's audio-video kernel Multimedia's new horizons demand a new model. A joint development of Intel and IBM has defined such a model, as well as an architecture that supports it. -1 -1 Dec 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 988 Magazine Article Donovan, J. W. Byte 1991 184-186 Intel/IBM's new multimedia boards -1 -1 Dec 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 989 Magazine Article Donovan, J. W. Byte 1991 p. 151 Multimedia solutions anticipating a market -1 -1 Dec 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 990 Journal Article Donovan, J. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems 1 pp. 21-24 Marketing Virtual Reality 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 991 Conference Proceedings Dorighi, N.; Ellis, S.; Grunwald, A. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1993 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. computerised-instrumentation. display-instrumentation. human-factors.Identifiers: primary flight display. pilot spatial awareness. low-visibility conditions. computer-generated electronic attitude director indicator. glass cockpit flight deck. tunnel-in-the-sky perspective display. curved approach trajectories. instrument flight conditions. tunnel display. spatial awareness, situation awareness, subjective coordinate frames 88-92 Perspective Format for a Primary Flight Display (ADI) Abstract: The authors describe an experimental study in progress which will evaluate pilot spatial awareness in low-visibility conditions for two basic display types: (1) a computer-generated electronic attitude director indicator (EADI) within the conventional glass cockpit flight deck, and (2) a tunnel-in-the-sky perspective display used in place of the EADI. Pilot subjects navigate curved approach trajectories during instrument flight conditions. Their main task is to look in the direction (localize) where they would expect various targets to appear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether a perspective format such as the tunnel display can provide a significant improvement in pilot spatial awareness over conventional format in primary flight displays. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 992 Magazine Article Dorros, I. Bell Labs Record 1969 HITL 784 5 135-143 Picturephone 47 -1 -1 May/June 1969 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 993 Conference Proceedings Dowding, T. J. 1991 Meckler Beyond the Vision 44-50 A self-contained interactive motorskill trainer -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 994 Conference Proceedings Downes-Martin, S.; Long, M.; Alexander, J. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Visual Data Interpretation 28-38 Virtual Reality as a Tool for Cross Cultural Communication: An Example from Military Team Training -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 995 Magazine Article Doyle, P. Graduating Engineer 1997 HITL 896 40, 42-43 Computers May Outsmart Humans -1 -1 April 1997 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 996 Conference Proceedings Draeger, J.; Schwartz, R. Neuilly Sur Seine, France 1989 AGARD AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 478 - Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations. 15:1-15:3 Experimental Tests on the Minimal Visual Acuity Required for Safe Air Crew and Air Control Personnel Performance none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 997 Conference Proceedings Draper, M.H.; Wells, M.J.; Gawron, V.J.; Furness, T.A. 1996 HITL 495 Human factors and Ergonomic Society Huamn factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting - 1996 Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 40th Annual Meeting Exploring the Influence of a Virtual Body on Spatial Awareness -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 998 Conference Proceedings Drascic, D.; Grodski, J.J.; Milgram, P.; Ruffo, K.; Wong, P.; Zhai, S. Amsterdam, The Netherlands 1993 Ashlund, S. HITL 147 Association for Computing Machinery Interchi '93 521 ARGOS: A Display System for Augmenting Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 999 Generic Dressler, R. Dolby Laboratories Information San Francisco, CA 1993 HITL 1474 Dolby Labs 1-15 Dolby Pro Logic Surround Decoder Principles of Operation -1 -1 Commercial report 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1000 Conference Proceedings Driels, M.; Klein, D. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering 220-225 Combined Visual and Haptic Search of Remote Object Identification -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1001 Conference Proceedings Dror, I. E. 1992 Human Factors Society Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting Subject: aerospace-computing. behavioural-sciences-computing. computer-graphics. psychology.Identifiers: air force pilots. visual mental rotation. incremental object rotations. multi-step mapping. single-step mapping. 1368-1372 Visual Mental Rotation: Different Processes Used By Pilots Abstract: Air force pilots and control subjects were tested on a visual 'mental rotation' task using a computer. Nine of the 16 pilots, as well as all of the 16 control subjects, required more time to rotate greater angular distances. The performance of the other 7 pilots was unique: their response time did not increase with greater angular rotations. The results suggest that visual mental rotation can be accomplished by at least two different processes. One process involves incremental object rotations in a multi-step mapping-like an actual physical rotation of an object-going through intermediate stages. This process requires more time to rotate greater angular distances. The other process involves direct translation in a single-step mapping. In this process, the starting position transforms into the final -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1002 Journal Article Drummond, R. 1990 HITL 126 Common Ground of Puget Sound 2 14-16, 51-51. Beyond the Looking Glass: A High-Tech Dream Machine 5 The latest computer technology allows you to literally "walk" into artificial worlds -- into "virtual realities." -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1003 Journal Article Ducrey, N.M.; Delori, F.C.; Gragoudas, E.S. 1979 HITL964 Archives of Opthalmology 288-293 Monochromatic Opthalmoscopy and Fundus Photography 97 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1004 Conference Proceedings Dudfield, H. J. London, England 1991 Taylor & Francis Ltd. Contemporary Ergonomics 1991 : Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's 1991 Annual Conference information displays, pictures vs. acronyms 124-128 The Utility of Pictorial Information in the Airborne Environment none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1005 Conference Proceedings Dudfield, H. 1991 Human Factors Society Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. colour. display-instrumentation. encoding. human-factors.Identifiers: performance accuracy. colour head-up display. colour coding. redundant codes. flight profile. subjective preference. workload. NASA TLX. task load index. 146-150 Colour Head-Up Displays: Help or Hindrance? Abstract: The development of colour head-up display (HUD) technology has encouraged an enquiry into the benefit of colour coding conventional HUD formats. Colour could be used to warn a crew of danger, highlight changes in on-board systems or assist in target acquisition and combat. Specifically, this experiment colour-coded the accuracy of a subject's performance, and redundant codes indicated the success with which a subject was maintaining a requested flight profile. Contemporary research has often found a subjective preference for colour-coded displays, but little evidence of an objective advantage. The results of this experiment followed such a trend. Colour coding failed to provide any advantage in performance terms, yet it significantly reduced subjective workload, as measured by the NASA TLX (task load ind -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1006 Conference Proceedings Duke, D. J.; Harrison, M. D. 1993 Hubbold, R. J.; Juan, R. Blackwell Publishers Eurographics '93. computer-graphics. formal-specification. interactive-systems. abstract interaction objects. interactive graphics. interaction object. Esprit Basic Research Action 7040. Amodeus-2. state-based processes. interactive systems. formal models. rigorous specification. C:25-C:36 Abstract interaction objects The concept of an 'interactor' has been introduced by G. Faconti and F. Paterno' (1990) as an abstraction of an entity in interactive graphics capable of both input and output. However the notion of interaction object need not be confined to graphics systems; it represents a useful structure for thinking and reasoning about the behaviour of interactive systems in general. As part of Esprit Basic Research Action 7040 (Amodeus-2) the authors are using the concept of interactor, and existing work on state-based processes and agents, to develop a model and theory of interactive systems. They describe two formal models for interaction objects and sketch how they can be used to build a small vocabulary of operators to support the rigorous specification of a graphics system. The model differs from the approach of Faconti and Paterno' in that it abstracts away from any specific graphics framework and is thus suited to the level of abstraction demanded by formal approaches to system development. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1007 Magazine Article Dukes, W.F. Potpourri -1 HITL 1367 378-387 N=1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1008 Book Dumais, S. Amsterdam 1988 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. 673-700 Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction Textual Information Retrieval Helander, M. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1009 Journal Article Dumay, A.C.M.; Jense, G.J. 1995 HITL 443 Computers in Biology and Medicine 2 139-148 Endoscopic Surgery Simulation in a Virtual Environment 25 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1010 Journal Article Duncan, K.M.; Harm, D.L.; Crosier, W.G.; Worthington, J.W. -1 HITL 1225 397-401 Using Virtual Environment Technology for Preadapting Astronauts to the Novel Sensory Conditions of Microgravity -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1011 Journal Article Duncan, J. 1984 Journal of Experimental Psychology: General Subject Major: SELECTIVE-ATTENTION. VISUAL-DISCRIMINATION.Subject Minor: THEORIES. VISUAL-STIMULATION. PERFORMANCE. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: object- & discrimination- & space-based theories of selective attention, accuracy in visual discrimination tasks, 18-42 yr olds. 4 501-517 Selective Attention and the Organization of Visual Information 113 Abstract: Conducted 4 experiments with 108 volunteers (aged 18-42 yrs) to test object-, discrimination-, and space-based theories of visual attention. In each experiment, Ss were presented with small (< 1Deg.), brief, foveal displays, each consisting of 2 overlapping objects (a box with a line struck through it). Overall results indicate that 2 judgments that concern the same object were made simultaneously without loss of accuracy, whereas 2 judgments that concern different objects were not. Neither the similarity nor the difficulty of required discriminations, nor the spatial distribution of information, could account for the results. Findings support a view in which parallel, preattentive processes serve to segment the field into separate objects, followed by a process of focal attention that deals with only 1 object -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1012 -1 attention, pre-attentive processing -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1013 Conference Proceedings Dunkley, K.J. 1993 HITL 982 SPIE Stereoscopic Displays and Applications IV 132-140 A New 3-D From 2-D Visual Display Process -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1014 Conference Proceedings Dunn, M. -1 HITL 594 Animate Life in Media Worlds No Publication Found 1-12 The Poetics of Cyberspace: Designing the Virtual The Perception of Animate Life in Media -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1015 Magazine Article Dunn-Roberts, R. Virtual Reality World 1994 HITL 590 46-47 "The Grandmother Museum" An Essay on the Human Hopes and Promises of VR -1 -1 January/February 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1016 Journal Article Dunwoody, J.; Linton, M. 1990 Computer Graphics 2 pp. 155-163 Tracing Interactive 3D Graphics Programs 24 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1017 Magazine Article Dutton, G. IEEE Software 1992 HITL, Bricken, VEOS 100-101 A virtual operating system to handle virtually anything -1 -1 May 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1018 Magazine Article Dutton, G. Popular Science 1994 Virtual Vision. Weghorst. p. 34 Virtual reality perpetual pathway -1 -1 July 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1019 Patent Dwyer, E.J. III USA 1994 HITL 601 Silhouette Technology, Inc. Helmet Mounted Display -1 -1 January 25, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1020 Conference Proceedings Dyre, B.P.; Andersen, G.J. Santa Monica, CA 1990 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting illusionary self-motion 1577-1581 The Impact of Visual Noise on Spatial Orientation In aviation, effective execution of some flight maneuvers, such as rescue operations at sea, requires that pilots form a veridical perception of their position and motion with respect to the environment. Previous research has shown that humna observers can determine their own motion or spatial orientation from displays simulating observer motion through a rigid three-dimensional environment, however, the sensitivity of spatial orientation to noiseinthe visual field has not been examined. The present study examined the sensitivity of spatial orientation to noise in the global optic flow field. Displays simulating observer motion along the line of sight through a volume of randomly positioned points were observed monocularly through a circular window that limited the field of view to 30 degrees. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1021 Magazine Article Dysart, J. Virtual Reality World 1994 HITL 52 6 18-23 VR Goes to Hollywood 2 -1 -1 November/December 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1022 Patent Dzierzynski, P.M. USA 1996 HITL 686 Walt Disney Co. Vignetting Technique for Improving Appearance of Partially Overlapped Binocular Displays -1 -1 January 30, 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1023 Journal Article Dzik, S.; Ezrielev, J. 1992 Computers & Graphics computer-graphics. surface representation. 3D space point. voxels. volume visualization. surface primitive. atomic level construct. graphics operations. voxel display list. surface voxels. rendering. surface description. rotation. projection. shading. wireframes. interactive cutting. 3 295-301 Representing surfaces with voxels 16 There are a large class of volume visualization applications in which only the surfaces are of interest. The authors have developed a system that provides an efficient, general framework for forming these surfaces and working with them. The system described uses the point in 3D space (voxel), rather than a polygon, as the surface primitive. Voxels are an atomic level construct. The voxel is shown to be an appropriate surface primitive for a rich set of graphics operations, many of which have analogues in the polygon world. Surfaces are described by what is called a voxel display list (VDL). Substantial time and space savings are achieved by only storing the surface voxels and rendering from this surface description. The operations that can be performed on voxels surfaces include rotation, projection, shading, wireframes and interactive cutting. The VDL is straightforward to create, render from and manipulate. It can run efficiently without using special hardware. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1024 Journal Article E.N., Leith; Upatnieks, J. 1965 HITL 992 Scientific American 6 24-35 Photography by Laser 212 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1025 Conference Proceedings Eason, K. D. Bellingham, WA 1991 SPIE SPIE - Conference on Optical Engineering and Technology Ergonomic Perspectives on Advances in Human-Computer Interaction -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1026 Conference Proceedings Eastgate, R.; Nichols, S.; D'Cruz, M. 1996 HITL 1202 First International Conference on Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics Application of Human Performance Theory to Virtual Environment Development -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1027 Conference Proceedings Eastgate, R.; D'Cruz, M.; Wilson, J.R. 1997 HITL 1209 Virtual Reality Universe '97 A Strategy for Interactivity Within Virtual Environment Applications: A Virtual ATM Case Study -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1028 Journal Article Easton, C.E.; Watson, J.A. 1993 HITL 618 Journal of Computing in Childhood Education 1 77-96 Spatial Strategy Use During Logo Mastery: The Impact of Cognitive Style and Development Level 4 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1029 Conference Proceedings Eaton, D.; Abramowicz-Reed, L. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society of Optical Engineering - Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing VI 236-250 Acquisition, Pointing and Tracking Performance of the Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1030 Report Ebadi, A. E. 1993 Kansas State University Literature Review on Virtual Reality Technology -1 -1 July 21, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1031 Book Eberleh, E. Amsterdam 1989 ÊWaern, Y.; ÊWandke, H. Elsevier Science Publishers, Co. mental representations- novice vs. expert 89-108 The Structure of Mental Models: Goal Directed or State Center? none ÊStreitz, N. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1032 Conference Proceedings Eberman, B.; An, B. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Telemanipulator technology controllers. manipulators. position-measurement. telecontrol. force reflecting controllers. EXOS. master controllers. Small Business Innovation Research. NASA. two degree-of-freedom Sensing and Force Reflecting Exoskeleton. SAFiRE. slave robot. position sensing Exoskeleton ArmMaster. human operator. kinematics. 9-19 EXOS Research On Force Reflecting Controllers EXOS has developed two state of the art prototype master controllers for controlling robot hands and manipulators under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program with NASA. One such device is a two degree-of-freedom Sensing and Force Reflecting Exoskeleton (SAFiRE) worn on the operator's hand. The device measures the movement of the index finger and reflects the interaction forces between the slave robot and the environment to the human finger. The second device is a position sensing Exoskeleton ArmMaster (EAM) worn by a human operator. The device simultaneously tracks the motions of the operator's three DOF should and two DOF elbow. Both of these devices are used to control robots at NASA. The paper includes discussions of: the design of the prototypes; kinematics of the EAM and force control of the SAFiRE; design issues that must be addressed in developing more advanced versions; and progress to date in addressing these issues. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1033 Conference Proceedings ECDVRAT Maidenhead, UK 1996 Sharkey, P.M. HITL 540 The University of Reading ECDVRAT '96 The 1st European Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality and Associated Technologies Abstracts from Proceedings -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1034 Report Eckhouse, R., Jr..; Maulucci, R.; Leonard, E. 1989 A Computerized Kinematic Diagnostic System -1 -1 October 13, 1989 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1035 Generic Edgar, G.K.; Carr, K.T.; Williams, M.; Page, J.; Clarke, A.L. -1 HITL 183 No Publication Found 8-1 to 8-15 The Effects Upon Visual Performance of Varying Binocular Overlap -1 -1 Journal Article Format 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1036 Magazine Article Edgar, R. Cyberarts -1 HITL 1359 188-195 Magritte Hated to Paint -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1037 Book Edgar, G.; Carr, K.; Williams, M.; Page, J.; Clark, A. -1 field of view, binocular overlap, depth cues, HMD (preprint). The Effects Upon Visual Performance of Varying Binocular Overlap none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1038 Journal Article Edlund, R. 1994 Computer Graphics art. cinematography. computer-animation. entertainment. theme park visualization. ride-films. digital technology. art form. animation. live action. digital compositing. CGI models. 2 147-148 Digital illusions for theme park visualization 28 We are at a crossroads of two major developments in entertainment. One is the growing public appetite for ride-films, and the other is the rise of digital technology, which is transforming how images are made. Once audiences get over the initial shock factor in any new art form, they begin to demand more content, better stories. A refinement period begins. That's the stage we're at now in the business of making ride-films. As producers focus more on the issue of content, we're recognizing certain distinct aspects of the ride-film experience. The pre-show is as important as the ride itself. Because the storytelling process is so compact in ride-films, this genre really offers an intriguing creative challenge. At Boss, we're finding that it calls into play all the varied techniques we have in our studio-from models and motion control photography, to animation mixed with live action. This is where digital technology comes into play in a major way. Computers integrate the many elements that go int -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1039 Report Edward, G. -1 Propositional and Spatial Knowledge for Image Understanding -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1040 Conference Proceedings Edwards, O.; Larimer, J.; Gille, J. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - High-Resolution Displays and Projection Systems Subject: CCD-image-sensors. display-devices. image-intensifiers. military-equipment. visual-perception.Identifiers: CCD image sensor. high-definition head mounted displays. helmet mounted displays. perceptual characteristics. human visual system. HMD. GEN III. SIPE helmet. S-TRON. US Army. AN/PVS-7A NVG. FOV biocular system. charge-coupled device. 141-149 Performance Considerations for High-Defintion Head Mounted Displays Abstract: The authors discuss design image-optimization for helmet mounted displays (HMDs) in the context of a system engineering approach that includes a description of natural targets in the field, a description of perceptual characteristics of the human visual system, and device specifications that relate to these ecological and human-factors parameters that ultimately determine task performance. They consider two HMD systems as examples: the GEN III (AN/PVS-7A) night vision goggle (NVG) system and the SIPE helmet system, both developed by S-TRON for use by the US Army. The AN/PVS-7A NVG incorporates a biocular display system (one intensifier, split image to two eyes), with 40 degrees FOV. The SIPE helmet, also a 40 degrees FOV biocular system combines an intensified charge-coupled device (CCD) and a video displa -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1041 -1 HMD, peripheral vision, field of view, -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1042 Conference Proceedings EFDPMA Washington, D.C. 1992 HITL 922 Education Foundation of the Data Processing Management Association 1992 EFDPMA Conference Contents: 1992 Conference on Virtual Reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1043 Journal Article Egan, D.E.; Remde, J.R.; Landauer, T.K.; Lochbaum, C.C.; Gomez, L.M. 1989 HITL 851 Machine-Mediated Learning 259-277 Aquiring Information in Books and SuperBooks 3 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1044 Conference Proceedings Egan, D.E.; Remde, J.R.; Landauer, T.K.; Lochbaum, C.C.; Gomez, L.M. 1989 HITL 850 ACM CHI '89 205-209 Behavioral Evaluation and Analysis of a Hypertext Browser -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1045 Journal Article Egan, D.E.; Remde, J.R.; Gomez, L.M.; Landauer, T.K.; Eberhardt, J.; Lochbaum, C.C. 1989 HITL 848 ACM Transactions on Information Systems 1 30-57 Formative Design-Evaluation of SuperBook 7 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1046 Conference Proceedings Egan, D.E.; Lesk, M.E.; Ketchum, D.; Lochbaum, C.C.; Remde, J.R.; Littman, M.; Landauer, T.K. 1991 HITL 849 EDD '91 238-251 Bellcore/ BCC Conference on Electronic Document Delivery Creating and Using an Electronic Library: Progress Report on the CORE Project -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1047 Magazine Article Eglowstein, H. Byte 1990 7 283 Reach Out and Touch Your Data 15 -1 -1 July 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1048 Conference Proceedings Egsegian, R.; Pittman, K.; Farmer, K.; Zobel, R. Washington DC 1993 Sullivan, J. D. IEEE 1993 International Emergency Management and Engineering Conference. Tenth Anniversary: Research and Applications accidents. computer-based-training. emergency-services. fires. virtual-reality. virtual reality. firefighter training. computer generated worlds. interactive training simulation. structural fire. skills training. 155-160 Practical applications of virtual reality to firefighter training Current technology allows the creation and utilization of computer generated worlds for many training applications. A interactive training simulation is being developed to recreate a structural fire using virtual reality technology. A student will be immersed in a computer generated environment to provide skills training without the normal environmental and health hazards that are created during a live fire training exercise. This prototype has a number of applications to meet the training needs of various emergency responders. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1049 Book Egusa, H. 1983 Subject Major: VISUAL-FIELD. ACHROMATIC-COLOR. DEPTH-PERCEPTION. HUE. BRIGHTNESS-PERCEPTION.Subject Minor: ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: brightness & hue & saturation, depth perception between adjacent regions of visual field, college students. Effects of Brightness, Hue, and Saturation on Perceived Depoth Between Adjacent Regions in the Visual Field 12 Abstract: 15 university students were presented with a stimulus consisting of 2 hemifields of different colors and asked to state which appeared nearer and to judge the perceived depth between them. In Exp I, both hemifields were achromatic, and the perceived depth was found to increase with increasing brightness difference. Some Ss tended to judge the brighter side nearer, others the darker side nearer. In Exp II, the stimulus was presented in an achromatic-chromatic combination (ACC) and in a chromatic-chromatic combination (CCC). Results show no differences in perceived depth among 3 hue conditions in the ACC and perceived depth depending on hue combination in the CCC. The hue order was red, green, and blue in terms of decreasing frequency of "nearer" judgments. In Exp III, the 2 hemifields differed only in satur -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1050 -1 depth cues - color -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1051 Conference Proceedings Eichenlaub, J. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE 163-175 Further Advances in Autostereoscopic Technology at Dimension Technologies, Inc. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1052 Conference Proceedings Eichenlaub, J.; Touris, T. Orlando, FL 1994 Hopper, D.G. HITL 668 Spie Cockpit Displays 395-407 An In Cockpit 'Situation Awareness' Autostereoscopic Avionics Display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1053 Journal Article Eisner, R. 1991 The Scientist 6 14, 16-17 Researchers see a wealth of applications for virtual reality 5 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1054 Generic Electronics, Kasan Anyang, Korea -1 HITL 1267 Kasan Electronics 1-2 3D Max: Turn Your Ordinary PC Into a Virtual Reality Experience -1 -1 Commercial 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1055 Journal Article Elfner, L. F.; Howse, W. R. 1987 The Journal of Auditory Research 1-14 Auditory localization in a free field using discrimination procedures 27 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1056 Report Elias, J. 1991 HITL Tele-Virtuality and the Potential Role for Communications -1 -1 February 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1057 Magazine Article Ellis, G. IRIS Universe -1 23 58-61 Romancing the Molten Globule Some of the mysteries of proteins unfold -- literally -- with the help of computer simulations -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1058 Report Ellis, S.R.; Grunwald, A.; Smith, S.; Tyler, M. -1 HITL 1428 NASA Ames Research Center Enhancement of Man-Machine Communication: The Human Use of Inhuman Beings -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1059 Generic Ellis, S.R.; Menges, B.M. -1 HITL 1461 1-13 Judged Distance to Virtual Objects in the Near Visual Field -1 -1 Draft paper? 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1060 Journal Article Ellis, S.; Tyler, M.; Kim, W.; McGreevy, M.; Stark, L. 1985 IEEE pp. 815-817 Visual Enhancements for Perspective Displays: Perspective Parameters -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1061 Journal Article Ellis, S. 1987 Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments none 1:1-1:13 Pictorial Communication: Pictures and the Synthetic Universe none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1062 Journal Article Ellis, S.; McGreevy, M.; Hitchcock, R. 1987 Journal of the Human Factors Society Subject Major: HUMAN-FACTORS-ENGINEERING. MAN-MACHINE-SYSTEMS-DESIGN. AIRCRAFT. AIRCRAFT-PILOTS. AVOIDANCE. REACTION-TIME. VISUAL-DISPLAYS.Subject Minor: DECISION-MAKING. FLIGHT-INSTRUMENTATION. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: conventional plan view vs experimental perspective display, decision time to select avoidance maneuvers, current vs recently retired airline pilots. 4 371-382 Perspective Traffic Display Format and Airline Pilot Traffic Avoidance 29 Abstract: Investigated the kinds of initial-maneuver techniques and biases airline pilots may bring to the interpretation of cockpit traffic displays, using 10 current or recently retired airline pilots. Ss were required to monitor the traffic display and to decide if an avoidance maneuver was needed. Results show that Ss took more time to select avoidance maneuvers with a conventional plan-view display than with an experimental perspective display. If Ss selected a perspective display, they were more likely to choose one with a vertical component. Data show that they were more likely to achieve required separation with maneuvers chosen with the aid of perspective displays. Findings suggest the usefulness of more natural display formats for the integrated presentation of 3-dimensional separation information. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1063 Conference Proceedings Ellis, S. 1989 SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies aerospace-computing. computer-graphics. computerised-picture-processing. natural-sciences-computing. computer graphics. visualization aids. 3D databases. pilots. astronauts. spatial maneuvering. geometric distortion. complex dynamics. 220-226 Visions of Visualization Aides: Design Philosophy and Observations Aids for the visualization of high dimensional scientific or other data are discussed. It is emphasized that simple casting of multidimensional data into a 2 or 3D spatial metaphor does not guarantee that the presentation will provide insight or a parsimonious description of phenomena implicit in the data. Useful visualization, in contrast to glitzy, high-tech, computer-graphics imagery, is generally based on pre-existing theoretical beliefs concerning the underlying phenomena. These beliefs guide selection and formatting of the plotted variables. Visualization tools are useful for understanding naturally 3D databases such as those used by pilots or astronauts. Two examples of such aids for spatial maneuvering illustrate that informative geometric distortion may be introduced to assist visualization and that visualization of complex dynamics alone may not be adequate to provide the necessary insight into the underlying processes. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1064 Conference Proceedings Ellis, S.; Smith, S.; Hacisalihzade, S. 1989 Human Factors Society Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: human-factors. robots. telecontrol. visual-perception.Identifiers: visual direction. map geometry misinterpretation. gaze direction overestimation. metric. virtual space. perspective display. head-mounted cursor. telerobotic operators. 1392-1395 Visual Direction as a Metric of Virtual Space Abstract: Two experiments examine the abilities of 10 subjects to visualize directions shown on a perspective display. Subjects indicated their perceived directions by adjusting a head-mounted cursor to correspond to the direction on the display. This task is required of telerobotic operators who use map-like pictures of their workspace to determine the direction of objects seen by direct view. Results show significant open-loop, judgement biases that may be composed of errors arising from misinterpretation of the map geometry and overestimation of gaze direction. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1065 Journal Article Ellis, S.R. 1991 HITL 1425 Computing Systems in Engineering 4 31-347 Nature and Origins of Virtual Environments: A Bibliographical Essay. 2 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1066 Conference Proceedings Ellis, S. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 HITL 311 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. data-visualisation. display-instrumentation. graphical-user-interfaces. virtual-reality.Identifiers: dynamic visual displays. cockpit displays. virtual spaces. virtual environments. symbolic representation. geometric structure. dynamic response. dynamic visual displays, visual comprehensibility, decision making 536-540 The Design of Virtual Spaces and Virtual Environments Abstract: Pictorial display aids represent synthetic environments within which users interact with symbolic elements representing objects and processes in the real world. The design of these environments challenge researchers to understand the elements of the physical environment that make them predictable and understandable. By incorporating these aspects of the physical world, useful representation aids can improve the naturalness of their symbolic representation, geometric structure, and dynamic response. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1067 Book Ellis, S.; Nemire, K Playa del Rey 1993 SID subjective measuresss, augmented reality 487-490 A Subjective Technique for Objective Calibration of Lines of Sight in Closed Virtual Environment Viewing Systems 24 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1068 Journal Article Ellis, S. R. 1994 HITL 1427 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications digital-simulation. interactive-devices. interactive-systems. virtual-reality. virtual environment displays. vehicle simulation. teleoperations technology. head-referenced computer displays. artificial reality. virtual reality. cyberspace. virtual worlds. virtual image. interactive virtual image displays. special processing. nonvisual display modalities. 1 17-22 What are virtual environments? 14 Virtual environment displays arose from vehicle simulation and teleoperations technology of the 1960s. They are interactive, head-referenced computer displays that give users the illusion of displacement to another location. Different terms have been applied to the illusion. Some, like the oxymoronic "artificial reality" and "virtual reality", suggest much higher performance than current technology can generally provide. Others, like "cyberspace" are puzzling neologisms. Expressions like "virtual worlds" and "virtual environment" seem preferable because they are linguistically conservative, relating to well-established terms like virtual image. In fact, we can define virtual environments as interactive, virtual image displays enhanced by special processing and by nonvisual display modalities, such as auditory and haptic, to convince users that they are immersed in a synthetic space. Why are these displays useful? Who uses them? How are they developed? The article addresses these and other question -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1069 -1 We have both versions of this article. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1070 Magazine Article Elmer-Dewitt, P. Time 1990 pp. 74-75 (Mis)Adventures in Cyberspace -1 -1 September 3. 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1071 Magazine Article Elmer-Dewitt, P. Time 1993 13 pp. 67-72 The Amazing Video Game 142 -1 -1 September 27, 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1072 Magazine Article Elsner, A.E.; Burns, S.A.; Zenzie, H.H.; Moulton, P.F. Photonics Spectra 1993 HITL 1045 99-102 There's Hope in Sight: A Scanning Laser Opthalmoscope Peers Into Macular Degeneration -1 -1 June 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1073 Generic Emerson, T. -1 ITL 1424 Information Virtualization: High Tech, Homebrew and Beyond -1 -1 Presentation 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1074 Magazine Article Emerson, T. The Electronic Library 1993 HITL 1430 6 385-391 Mastering the Art of VR: On Becoming the HIT Lab Cybrarian 11 -1 -1 December 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1075 Generic Emerson, T. 1994 HITL 726 Virtual Reality Update (VRU) -1 -1 September 1994 Bibliography 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1076 Generic Emerson, T. World Wide Web 1994 HITL 806 On the Net: Internet Resources in Virtual Reality -1 -1 March 18, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1077 Magazine Article Emmett, A. Computer Graphics World 1992 architecture. 46-54 Down to earth: practical applications of virtual reality find commercial uses -1 -1 March 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1078 Journal Article Emmett, A. 1994 Technology Review Computer-animation -- Usage. Engineering and Manufacturing. Business, General. Data processing and preparation 4 30-36 Simulations on trial (computer-generated animations) 97 Computer-generated animations continue to be an important tool in court cases because of their ability to render credibility to testimonies, especially in technical cases. However, many members of the legal community are starting to doubt its adequacy and reliability. They claim that computer animations can be tampered with and images altered. An even bigger problem is the accuracy of the software programs being used. As a result, engineering experts are holding seminars that teach members of the legal profession and analysts how to evaluate computer animation in court. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1079 Journal Article Encarnacao, J.; Gobel, M.; Rosenblum 1994 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications data-visualisation. entertainment. reviews. virtual-reality. virtual reality. European activities. telepresence. scientific visualization. software design. entertainment. 1 66-74 European activities in virtual reality 14 We survey European activities in virtual reality, with an emphasis on selected efforts in architecture and sound, telepresence, scientific visualization, simulation, software design, and entertainment. This article surveys European activities and funding for VR with two caveats: First, nearly a year separates writing and publication. For most scientific fields, this publication delay for survey material would be minimal: for virtual reality, significant changes might have since occurred in some programs. We took advantage of the revision period to upgrade our information and the references as much as possible. Second, some long standing, significant European efforts go unmentioned as outside the scope of our short survey or as duplicates of others included. Despite the limitations, this sampling of Europe's leading efforts collectively gives an accurate snapshot of current European activity. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1080 Conference Proceedings Endsley, M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1988 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting none 97-101 Design and Evaluation for Situation Awareness Enhancement none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1081 Conference Proceedings Endsley, M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1988 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting Abstract -situation awareness 96 Situation Awareness in Aircraft Systems none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1082 Conference Proceedings Endsley, M. Neuilly sur Seine, France 1989 AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 478 Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations situation awareness, spatial awareness (read) 1:1-1:9 A Methodology for the Objective Measurement of Pilot Situation Awareness none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1083 Conference Proceedings Endsley, M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1990 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 34th Annual Meeting situation awareness, spatial awareness 41-45 Predictive Utility of an Objective Measure of Situation Awareness none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1084 Journal Article Endsley, M. R. 1992 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting situation awareness, decision making, attention, workload, stress, novice vs. expert. (read) Situation Awareness: The Development and Application of a Theoretical Framework, Presentation. none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1085 Conference Proceedings Endsley, M.; Mogford, R.; Smolensky, M.; Rodgers, M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1993 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 37th Annual Meeting situation awareness 39-42 Situation Awareness - Transition From Theory to Practice none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1086 Conference Proceedings Endsley, M. R. 1993 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Situation Awareness in Complex Systems incomplete -situation awareness, workload, novice vs. expert Situation Awareness in Dynamic Human Dicision Making: Measurement none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1087 Conference Proceedings Endsley, M. R. 1993 1st International Conference on Situation Awareness in Complex Systems Addendum. SA: Some Reflection and Comments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1088 Conference Proceedings Endsley, M. R. 1993 1st International Conference on Situation Awareness in Complex Systems Situation Awareness in Dynamic Human Decision Making: Theory -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1089 Journal Article Engelken, E.; Stevens, K. 1989 Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine pp. 762-768 Saccadic Eye Movements in Response to Visual, Auditory, and Bisensory Stimuli August 1989 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1090 Edited Book Engineering, National Academy of Washington, D.C. 1994 HITL 234 National Academy Press (National Academy of Science) http://www.nap.edu/readingroom/books/newpath/ Revolution in the U.S. Information Structure -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1091 Magazine Article Enrado, P. -1 HITL 105 VR Goes to Disney World -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1092 Magazine Article Enrado, P. AI Expert 1994 48 Diving into VR -1 -1 May 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1093 Journal Article Enright, J. T. -1 incomplete bibliography Paradoxical Monocular Stereopsis and Perspective Vergence -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1094 Journal Article Enright, J 1987 Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments depth cues 4:1-4:9 Paradoxical Monocular Stereopsis and Perspective Vergence none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1095 Conference Proceedings Enterkin, P. London, England 1991 Taylor & Francis Ltd Contemporary Ergonomics 1991 : Proceedings of the Ergonomics Society's 1991 Annual Conference attention 131-136 Voice Versus Manual Techniques for Airborne Data Entry Correction none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1096 Conference Proceedings Ercoline, W.; Gillingham, K.; Greene, F.; Previc, F. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. display-instrumentation. human-factors.Identifiers: head-up display pitch-ladder representations. orientation recognition. aircraft control symbology. spatial disorientation. occlusion. double articulation. single negative articulation. increasing thickness. global arrangement. bank recognition. asymmetry. 1401-1405 Effects of Variations in Head-Up Display Pitch-Ladder Representations on Orientation Recognition Abstract: Head-up display (HUD) research has centered on modifications to the basic aircraft control symbology-the pitch-ladder lines. Although some of these modifications have led to minor improvements in attitude recognition, major problems still exist: pilots continue to experience spatial disorientation and to complain of occlusion due to the HUD symbols. The paper reports on an experiment which compared four variations of a basic HUD pitch ladder: double articulation, single negative articulation, single negative articulation with gradually increasing thickness, and single negative articulation with gradually increasing thickness in a global arrangement. Accuracy of bank recognition was best when pitch-ladder symbology incorporated noticeable asymmetry. Double articulation and graduated thickness were assoc -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1097 -1 augmented reality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1098 Newspaper Article Erickson, J. -1 HITL. Worldesign. Jacobson. Virtual reality reaches out to architects E Ballard firm promotes theater for testing designs on clients. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1099 Newspaper Article Erickson, J. Seattle Post-Intelligencer Seattle, WA 1989 B6 UW Has a New Kind of 'Space' Lab -1 -1 November 8, 1989 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1100 Generic Esposito, C.; Bricken, M.; Butler, K. -1 HITL 294 No Publication Found Building the VSX Demonstration: Operations with Virtual Aircraft in Virtual Space -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1101 Journal Article Estes, G. -1 IRIS Universe 25 pp. 72-74 The Silicon Studio Environment -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1102 Magazine Article Estvanik, S. AI Expert 1994 artificial-intelligence. computer-games. software-engineering. artificial intelligence. wargames. software design. tactical problems. battlefield. computer games. 22-31 Artificial intelligence in wargames Artifical intelligence in wargames challenges designs to find solutions to tactical problems on the battlefield. The author surveys the methods and approaches that have been used and describes some promising areas for future work. -1 -1 May 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1103 Journal Article Ettenberg, M.; Kressel, H.; Wittke, J. P. 1976 IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 6 360-364 Very high radiance edge-emitting LED QE-12 We describe a new light-emitting diode (LED) whose radiance is 1000 W/cm2sr, an order of magnitude higher than any previous LED. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1104 Newspaper Article Evangelauf, J. The Chronicle 1991 Edward Tufte. Envisioning Information. An 'information design' strives for the 'elegant and beautiful' -1 -1 May 1, 1991 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1105 Magazine Article Evans, B. The Architects' Journal 1992 architecture. 57-60 Designing castles in the air Virtual reality is already extending the boundaries of design and established CAD-modelling. Are its implications for construction truly revolutionary, or destined to remain in the realms of speculation? -1 -1 Oct 14, 1992 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1106 Magazine Article Evans, D. CADENCE 1994 architecture. 72-84 AutoCAD in the fast lane The information superhighway. -1 -1 Oct 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1107 Report Ewing, T. L. 1994 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Inventor: B. C. Beckman NASA Tech Brief from JPL New Technology Report NPO-18733 Technical Support Package on Fully Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality System -1 -1 July 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1108 Conference Proceedings Fa, M.; Dew, P. M.; Wang, C. M. London, UK 1992 IEE IEE Colloquium on 'Computer Graphics Systems' solid-modelling. virtual design tools. interactive solid modelling. virtual reality design system. solid modelling. Constraint-Based Representation Scheme. geometric constraints. 3D manipulation. solid model. architecture. 6/1-3 A virtual reality design system for interactive solid modelling. Discusses a virtual reality design system (VRDS) for solid modelling. A Constraint-Based Representation Scheme is proposed to maintain the solid models in terms of geometric constraints, and to enable more intelligent support for designers than current parametric modelling systems. In particular, the authors introduce allowable motions to constrain 3D manipulation of a solid model in an intuitive way. Moreover, they provide a set of Virtual Design Tools for the designer to perform the drafting and constraint-assignment functions in the same way as with physical drafting tools. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1109 Journal Article Fa, M.; Fernando, T.; Dew, P. M. 1993 Eurographics '93 computational-geometry. interactive-systems. solid-modelling. constraint-based 3D manipulation approach. interactive constraint-based solid modelling. constraint recognition process. assembly relationships. geometric constraints. 3D manipulation. allowable motion. accurate 3D positioning. solid model. virtual design tools. functional 3D objects. pre-defined modelling functions. model construction. 3 C:237-C:248 Direct 3D manipulation techniques for interactive constraint-based solid modelling 12 A novel constraint-based 3D manipulation approach to interactive constraint-based solid modelling is presented. This approach employs a constraint recognition process to automatically recognise assembly relationships and geometric constraints between entities from 3D manipulation. A technique referred to as allowable motion is used to achieve accurate 3D positioning of a solid model by automatically constraining its 3D manipulation without menu interaction. A set of virtual design tools, which can be used to construct constraint-based solid models within a virtual environment, are also supported. These tools have been implemented as functional 3D objects associated with several pre-defined modelling functions to simulate physical tools such as a drilling tool and T-square. A prototype system has been implemented to demonstrate the feasibility of these techniques for model construction and assembly operations. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1110 Book Facility, =Navigation Ancillary Information -1 NAIF. 43-46 Kernel Knowledge -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1111 Report Fadden, D.M.; Braune, R.; Wiedemann, J. -1 HITL 1488 Boeing N90-22951 Spatial Displays as a Means to Increase Pilot Situational Awareness -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1112 Journal Article Fadden, D.; Braune, R.; Wiedemann, J. 1987 Spatial Displays and Spatial Instruments information display 35:1-35:12 Spatial Display as a Means to Increase Pilot Situational Awareness none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1113 Journal Article Fahlen, L. -1 Issues in Telepresence -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1114 Conference Proceedings Fairchild, K.; Knight, G.; Meredith, L. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace pp. 24-25 The Virtual Environment Project at MCC: Software -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1115 Conference Proceedings Faith, P. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 26 Computation and the Structure of Cyberspace -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1116 Conference Proceedings Fajans, J. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Visual Data Interpretation 25-26 Xyzscope - A New Option in 3D Display Technology -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1117 Journal Article Faklis, D.; Morris, G.M. 1989 HITL1052 Optical Engineering 6 356-363 Broadband Imaging With Holographic Lenses 28 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1118 Journal Article Falby, J.S.; Zyda, M.J.; Pratt, D.R.; Mackey, R.L. 1993 HITL 369 Computer & Graphics 1 65-69 NPSNET: Hierarchical Data Structures for Real-Time Three-Dimensional Visual Simulation 17 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1119 Magazine Article Falco, P.; McBride, P. Develop 1996 HITL 409 25 5-25 Generating QuickTime VR Movies from QuickDraw 3D -1 -1 March 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1120 Conference Proceedings Faloutsos, C.; Sellis, T.; Roussopoulos, N. New York, NY, USA 1987 ACM pp. 426-439 Analysis of Object Oriented Spatial Access Methods -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1121 Journal Article Fankhauser, F; Enoch, J.M. 1962 HITL 1051 Archives of Opthamology 120-131 The Effects of Blur Upon Perimetric Thresholds 86 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1122 Journal Article Fankhauser, F.; Rol, P.; Kwasniewska, S. 1990 HITL 909 International Opthamology Clinics 2 123-129 Optical Aids and Their Applications 30 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1123 Journal Article Fankhauser, F.; Kwasniewska, S. 1990 HITL935 Opthalmic Surgery 4 258-262 A New Universal Laser Apparatus for Intra and Extraocular Irradiation Tasks in the Eye 21 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1124 Journal Article Fankhauser, F. 1992 HITL1010 Survey of Opthamology 2 137-142 Remebrance of Hans Goldmann 37 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1125 Journal Article Farah, M. J. 1988 Psychological Review Subject Major: NEUROPSYCHOLOGY. SPATIAL-IMAGERY. VISUAL-PERCEPTION.Identifiers: neuropsychology & perceptual representations in visual imagery & perception. 3 307-317 Is Visual Imagery Really Visual? Overlooked Evidence from Neuropsychology 95 Abstract: Does visual imagery engage some of the same representations used in visual perception? The evidence collected by cognitive psychologists in support of this claim has been challenged by three types of alternative explanation: Tacit knowledge, according to which subjects use nonvisual representations to simulate the use of visual representations during imagery tasks, guided by their tacit knowledge of their visual systems; experimenter expectancy, according to which the data implicating shared representations for imagery and perception is an artifact of experimenter expectancies; and nonvisual spatial representation, according to which imagery representations are partially similar to visual representations in the way they code spatial relations but are not visual representations. This article reviews previousl -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1126 -1 visual imagery -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1127 Magazine Article Faris, S. M. Advanced Imaging -1 18-22 True stereo display and hard copy from one system Multi-mode stereoscopic imaging offers not only those options, but "glasses" and "glasses"-based 3D from the same technology. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1128 Journal Article Fariza, E.; Jalkh, A.E.; Thomas, J.V.; O'Day, T.; Peli, E.; Acosta, J. 1988 HITL 946 Archives of Opthamology 1001-1003 Use of Circularly Polarized Light in Fundus and Optic Disc Photography 106 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1129 Conference Proceedings Farmer, F. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 27-30 Cyberspace: Getting There From Here -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1130 Report Farrell, R.A.; McCally, R.L.; Bargeron, C.B.; Green, W.R. 1985 HITL 1148 Johns Hopkins University TG 1364 Structural Alterations in the Cornea From Exposure to Infrared Radiation -1 -1 July Technical Memorandum 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1131 Conference Proceedings Farrell, E.; Christidis, Z. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies pp. 153-160 Visualization of Complex Data -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1132 Journal Article Feddema, J. T.; Lee, C. S. G.; Mitchell, O. R. 1992 Computer computer-vision. feedback. position-control. real-time-systems. robots. hand-eye coordinated robotic system. camera. end-effector. real time. monocular vision. computer vision analysis. geometric models. image features. robot control signals. tracking. 8 21-31 Model-based visual feedback control for a hand-eye coordinated robotic system 25 The integration of a single camera into a robotic system to control the relative position and orientation between the robot's end-effector and a moving part in real time is discussed. Only monocular vision techniques are considered because of current limitations in the speed of computer vision analysis. The approach uses geometric models of both the part and the camera, as well as the extracted image features, to generate the appropriate robot control signals for tracking. Part and camera models are also used during the teaching stage to predict important image features that appear during task completion. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1133 Journal Article Feiner, S; Beshers, C. 1990 Computer Graphics Subject: computer-graphics.Identifiers: n-dimensional virtual worlds visualization. n-vision. Euclidean n-space. interaction techniques. metaphors. 2 information display pp. 37-38 Visualizing n-Dimensional Virtual Worlds with n-Vision 24 Abstract: There are many applications in science, mathematics, statistics, and business, in which it is important to explore and manipulate data in more than three dimensions. In these applications, data can be defined by points in Euclidean n-space. A point's position is then specified with n coordinates, each of which determines its position relative to one of n mutually perpendicular axes. The authors describe research that has as its goal the development of interaction techniques and metaphors for the 4D and higher-dimensional worlds that this data represents. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1134 Journal Article Feiner, S. K.; Seligmann, D. D. 1992 The Visual Computer computer-graphics. automatic identification algorithms. rendering. cutaways. ghosting. visibility constraints. dynamic 3D illustrations. viewing specification. potentially obscuring objects. z-buffer-based 3D graphics hardware. 5-6 292-302 Cutaways and ghosting: satisfying visibility constraints in dynamic 3D illustrations 8 For an illustration to fulfil the purposes for which it is designed, it is often important that certain objects depicted are not blocked by others. The authors describe an automated approach to the problem of generating illustrations that satisfy a set of visibility constraints for a given viewing specification. They introduce a family of algorithms that automatically identify potentially obscuring objects, and render them using cutaway and ghosting effects modeled after those used by illustrators. These algorithms exploit modern z-buffer-based 3D graphics hardware to make possible dynamic illustrations that maintain a set of visibility constraints as a user interactively updates the viewing specification. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1135 Conference Proceedings Feiner, S.; MacIntyre, B.; Seligmann, D. 1992 HITL979 78-85 Graphics Interface '92 Annotating the Real World with Knowledge-Based Graphics on a See-Through Head-Mounted Display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1136 Journal Article Feiner, S. 1993 Virtual Reality Systems 1 pp. 63-66 Virtual Worlds Research at Columbia University 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1137 Journal Article Feiner, S.; MacIntyre, B.; Seligmann, D. 1993 Communications of the ACM 7 pp. 53-62 Knowledge-Based Augmented Reality 36 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1138 Conference Proceedings Feiner, S.; MacIntyre, B.; Haupt, M.; Solomon, E. New York, NY 1993 HITL 191 ACM Sixth Annual Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. UIST '93 augmented reality, virtual reality, virtual worlds, head-mounted displays, portable, computers, mobile computing, windows systems, X11, hypertext/hypermedia2D windows. 3D augmented reality. prototype heads-up window system. 3D environment. see-through head-mounted display. full X server. user view. large X bitmap. display space. virtual sphere. head motion. portable information surround. head-mounted display. small hypermedia system. virtual windows. physical objects. virtual reality. virtual worlds. mobile computing. 145-155 Windows on the world: 2D windows for 3D augmented reality We describe the design and implementation of a prototype heads-up window system intended for use in a 3D environment. The system includes a see-through head-mounted display that runs a full X server whose image is overlaid on the user's view of the physical world. The user's head is tracked so that the display indexes into a large X bitmap, effectively placing the user inside a display space that is mapped onto part of a surrounding virtual sphere. By tracking the user's body, and interpreting head motion relative to it, we create a portable information surround that envelopes the user as they move about. We support three kinds of windows implemented on top of the X server: windows fixed to the head-mounted display, windows fixed to the information surround, and windows fixed to locations and objects in the 3D world. Objects can also be tracked, allowing windows to move with them. To demonstrate the utility of this model, we describe a small hypermedia system that allows links to be made between windo -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1139 Generic Feldberg, I. World Wide Web 1996 HITL 1297 Ian's VR Buying Guide -1 -1 March, May Printout of Web Page 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1140 Magazine Article Feldman, T. Virtual Reality Report 1992 1540 8 9-8 VR View from Europe 2 -1 -1 October 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1141 Generic Feldman, G.C. World Wide Web 1994 HITL 691 JASON Foundation for Education The Jason Project -1 -1 February 16, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1142 Journal Article Feldman, S.; Starr, M. 1994 Virtual Reality Systems 3 80-82 The lightscape visualization system 1 Virtual reality and design. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1143 Journal Article Felez, J.; Vera, C.; San Jose, I.; Cacho, R. 1990 Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control pp. 717-727 BONDYN: A Bond Graph Based Simulation Program for Multibody Systems 112 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1144 Conference Proceedings Felger, W. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Visual Data Interpretation 15-24 How Interactive Visualization Can Benefit From Multidimensional Input Devices -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1145 Report Ferrari, D. -1 University of California Real-Time Communication in Packet-Switching Wide-Area Networks This paper argues that the feasibility of providing performance guarantees in a packet-switching wide-area network to be investigated, and describes a possible approach. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1146 Journal Article Ferrari, D. and Verma, D. C. 1990 IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications computer-networks. digital-communication-systems. packet-switching. real-time-systems. telecommunication-channels. network topology. multimedia communication. real-time channel. wide-area networks. digital audio. digital video. real-time services. packet-switched store-and-forward. statistical delay. simulation experiments. packet transmission overhead. channel establishment overhead. 3 368-379 A scheme for real-time channel establishment in wide-area networks 8 Multimedia communication involving digital audio and/or digital video has rather strict delay requirements. A real-time channel is defined as a simplex connection between a source and a destination characterized by parameters representing the performance requirements of the client. A study is made of the feasibility of providing real-time services on a packet-switched store-and-forward wide-area network with general topology. A description is given of a scheme for the establishment of channels with deterministic or statistical delay bounds, and the results of the simulation experiments run to evaluate it are presented. The results are judged encouraging: the approach satisfies the guarantees even in worst case situations, uses the network's resources to a fair extent, and efficiently handles channels with a variety of offered load and burstiness characteristics. Also, the packet transmission overhead is quite low, and the channel establishment overhead is small enough to be acceptable in most practic -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1147 Conference Proceedings Ferrin, F. 1991 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Large-Screen-Projection, Avionic, and Helmet-Mounted Displays Subject: aircraft-instrumentation. display-devices. electro-optical-devices. interference-signal. magnetic-devices. tracking-systems. ultrasonic-devices.Identifiers: magnetic device. interference. degradation. US device. electro-optical device. helmet tracking technologies. angular orientation. weapons. sensors. crew members. helmet mounted display. head trackers. 86-94 Survey of Helmet Tracking Technologies Abstract: Helmet mounted sight systems track the helmet angular orientation, thereby allowing the user to readily point weapons and sensors or to cue viewing among crew members. Most helmet mounted display applications require that the helmet orientation be measured so that the displayed information can be properly presented. Helmet mounted sights, also referred to as head trackers or helmet trackers, have been mechanized using a variety of technologies. A technology overview is presented describing various electro-optic, ultrasonic, and magnetic mechanizations that have been developed. The performance characteristics are summarized with an indication of the strengths and weaknesses inherent in each approach. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1148 Journal Article Ferrington, G.; Loge, K. 1992 The Computing Teacher 16-19 Virtual Reality: A New Learning Environment Imagine, as a student, traveling back in time to the age of discovery and the building of great ships that set out for unknown lands. How exciting it would be to actually step aboard a sailing vessel and to explore it from the crow's nest to the captain's quarters. Then take a turn at firing the cannons and helping to raise the sails... -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1149 Report Fertig, S.; Gelernter, D. 1990 Yale University The Design, Implementation, and Performance of a Database-Driven Expert System -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1150 Journal Article Fidel, R. 1984 HITL 509 Journal of the American Society of Information Science 4 211-221 Online Searching Styles: A Case-Study-Based Model of Searching Behavior 35 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1151 Journal Article Figueiredo, M.; Bohm, K.; Teixeira, J. 1993 Computers and Graphics multimedia-systems. user-interfaces. virtual-reality. virtual reality work. multimedia scenes. graphical scenes. user involvement. virtual environment. virtual hand. GIVEN toolkit. object interactions. precise collision detection manager. 6 655-661 Advanced interaction techniques in virtual environments 17 Fundamental to much of the virtual reality work is, in addition to high-level 3D graphical and multimedia scenes, research on advanced methods of interaction. The "visitor" of such virtual worlds must be able to act and behave intuitively, as he would in everyday situations, as well as receive expectable natural behaviour presented as feedback from the objects in the environment, in a way that he/she has the feeling of direct interaction with his/her application. We present several techniques to enrich the naturalness and enhance the user involvement in the virtual environment. We present how the user is enabled to grab objects without using any specific and elaborate hand gesture, which is more intuitive and close to the way humans are used to do. We also introduce a technique that makes it possible For the user to surround objects without any force-feedback interaction device. This technique allows the user to surround or "walk" with the virtual hand on the object's surface and look for the best pos -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1152 Report Fijany, A.; Bejczy, A. K. 1993 Jet Propulsion Laboratory Technical Support Package NPO-18706 Parallel Computation of Forward Dynamics of Manipulations -1 -1 Dec 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1153 Conference Proceedings Filcos, D. London, UK 1992 IEEE IEE Colloquium on 'Computer Graphics Systems' computer-graphics. multimedia-systems. computer graphics. multimedia. video. audio. architecture. 7/1-4 The multimedia minefield The term 'multimedia' is one of the buzzwords of the 1990s. The paper examines the current state of the art regarding multimedia. It also discusses the requirements of future systems and how these might look. Today, technology allows the full range of media, including moving video and audio, to be incorporated onto one platform. These platforms enable the user to dynamically interact with the media. This capability is what is loosely defined as 'multimedia'. The author concentrates on the graphical aspects of multimedia, and refers to the other areas where relevant. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1154 Journal Article Fink, W.H. -1 HITL 1008 Archives of Opthamology 555-582 The Dominant Eye: Its Clinical Significance -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1155 Magazine Article Fischer, R.E. Information Display 1994 HITL 242 7&8 12-16 Optics for Head-Mounted Displays 10 -1 -1 July/August 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1156 Conference Proceedings Fisher, S. Bellingham, WA, USA 1982 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Processing and Display of Three-Dimensional Data 41-45 Viewpoint Dependent Imaging: An Interactive Stereoscopic Display -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1157 Conference Proceedings Fisher, S. Bellingham, WA, USA 1986 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision: Fifth in a Series 396-522 Telepresence Master Glove Controller for Dexterous Robotic End-Effectors -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1158 Conference Proceedings Fisher, R. L. Bellingham, WA 1988 SPIE SPIE - Holographic Optics: Design and Applications 28-35 Design methods for a holographic head-up display curved combiner A wide field of view head-up display is described along with the construction optics required to produce its holographic combiner. Advantages of holography are outlined along with methods used in designing the combiner. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1159 Conference Proceedings Fisher, S.; Wenzel, E.; Coler, C.; Mcgreevy, M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1988 HITL 59 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting spatialized sound 91-95 Virtual Interface Environment Workstation none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1160 Conference Proceedings Fisher, R.; Bandini Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies 4-17 Stereoscopic CAD and Environmental Sculpture: Enhancement of the Design Process in the Visual Arts -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1161 Report Fisher, S.; Jacoby, R.; Bryson, S. 1990 NASA Ames Research Center The Ames Virtual Environment Workstation: Implementation Issues and Requirements -1 -1 March 1990 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1162 Book Section Fisher The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design Menlo Park, CA 1990 Laurel, B. HITL 240 Addison-Wesley 428-436 Virtual Interface Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1163 Book Section Fisher, S.S. The Art of Human-Computer Interface Design 1990 Laurel, B. HITL 1449 Addison-Wesley 423-438 Virtual Interface Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1164 Book Section Fisher, S.S. Virtual Reality: Theory, Practice and Promise Westport, CT 1991 Helsel, S.K.; Roth, J.P. HITL 1480 Meckler 101-110 Virtual Environments: Personal Simulations & Telepresence -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1165 Conference Proceedings Fisher, D. L.; Wisher, R. A.; Townsend, J. T.; Sabol, M. A. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1992 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 36th Annual Meeting Subject: behavioural-sciences-computing. digital-simulation. human-factors. psychology. training.Identifiers: perceptual-motor skill training. order-or-processing networks. simulation. complex skill. high-speed Morse code. processing stages. memory buffers. concurrent processing. performance data. military Morse code training. decision making 1264-1268 Simulation and Analysis of Perceptual-Motor Skill Training Abstract: A discussion is given on the application of order-or-processing networks to the simulation of performance of a complex skill, the copying of high-speed Morse code. A sequence of processing stages and memory buffers is described that is presumed, on the basis of earlier work, to represent the task. Two models of this sequence, distinguished by their assumptions regarding concurrent processing of characters, are also presented. Simulations were run on these models to find the parameters that yielded the best fit to performance data from 19 students undergoing the early stages of military Morse code training. The implications of the results to an analysis of early performance and the potential benefits of applying the same technique to data obtained from students late in training are discussed. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1166 Newspaper Article Fisher, L. London Times London, UK 1993 Keeping art alive in a computer age Book review of the Schwartzs' The Computer Artist's Handbook: Concepts, Techniques and Applications. -1 -1 March 1993 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1167 Conference Proceedings Fisher, S.S. San Jose, CA 1995 Fisher, S.S. HITL 456 SPIE Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems II 296-302 Recent Developments in Virtual Experience Design and Production -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1168 Generic Fishman, B. World Wide Web 1994 HITL 692 The School of Education & Social Policy CoVis Learning Through Collaborative Visualization Webserver -1 -1 March19, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1169 Journal Article Fishwick, P.A. 1996 HITL 298 IEEE Potentials 1 24-27 Computer Simulation: The Art and Science of Digital World construction 15 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1170 Journal Article Fitzmaurice, G. 1993 Communications of the ACM 7 pp. 39-49 Situated Information Spaces and Spatially Aware Palmtop Computers 36 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1171 Conference Proceedings Flaig, T.; Neugebauer, J.-G.; Wapler, M. 1994 HITL 266 Inst. Int. Robotique and Intelligence Artificialle ORIA 94 From Telepresence Towards Virtual Reality 141-147 Virtaul Reality for Improved Man-Machine Interaction in Robotics Virtual Reality for Robot Simulation and Off-Line Programming -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1172 Magazine Article Fleischmann, M. Virtual Reality World 1993 HITL 73 1 N-P A Virtual Walk Through Berlin: Visiting a Virtual Museum 1 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1173 Magazine Article Fleischmann, M. Popular Science 1994 HITL 370 44 TV Direct to the Retina -1 -1 June 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1174 Journal Article Flitcroft, D.; Judge, S.; Morley, J. 1992 Journal of Neuroscience Methods 1 pp. 188-203 Binocular Interactions in Accommodation Control: Effects of Anisometropic Stimuli 12 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1175 Journal Article Flitcroft, D.; Judge, S.; Morley, J. 1992 The Journal of Neuroscience 1 depth cues pp. 188-203 Binocular Interactions in Accommodation Control: Effects of Anisometropic Stimuli 12 none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1176 Newspaper Article Flynn, L. New York Times New York 1996 HITL 889 C3 Prototypes of Virtual Shoppers: 'Avatars' With Your Head on Their Shoulders Navigate Cyberspace -1 -1 march 4 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1177 Conference Proceedings Folds, D.; Beard, R. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1988 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting voice messaging 63-67 Aircrew Recommendations for Voice Message Functions none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1178 Conference Proceedings Foley, J. -1 HITL 44 IEEE Commercial Virtual Reality Center Offers Multiple Environments -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1179 Journal Article Foley, J. -1 pp. 126-135 Interfaces for Advanced Computing -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1180 Journal Article Foley, J. D.; Wallace, V. L.; Chan, P. 1984 IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications Subject: computer-graphics. human-factors. user-interfaces.Identifiers: human factors. computer graphics interaction techniques. user tasks. task requirements. perceptual. cognitive. motor loads. computer graphics 13-48 The Human Factors of Computer Graphics Interaction Techniques Abstract: The authors propose an organisation of interaction techniques based on the user tasks for which the techniques are used. They suggest that task requirements limit the set of techniques that can be considered for a particular application. They enumerate the characteristics of a variety of techniques and discuss many of the considerations important to their effectiveness. They tabulate relevant experimental and experiential comparisons. In general the perceptual, cognitive and motor loads of each technique can be considered. However, they have not quantified these loads. They suggest a diagramming method (Foley et al 1982), which can assist in such quantification. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1181 Conference Proceedings Foltz, G. Austin, TX, USA 1990 The University of Texas The First Conference on Cyberspace 31-32 Cyberspace: The Magic Theatre for All of Us -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1182 Conference Proceedings Foody, M. Bellingham, WA, USA 1989 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Three-Dimensional Visualization and Display Technologies 228-232 UIMX: A User Interface Management System for Scientific Computing with X Windows -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1183 Report Forde, V. -1 University of Washington Application of Virtual Reality in Parts Production and Assembly at Boeing Commercial Airplanes Paper for Prof Tom Furness. MEIE 559C -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1184 Conference Proceedings Fournier, A.; Gunawan, A. S.; Romanzin, C. Toronto, Ont., Canada 1993 Canadian Inf. Process. Society Proceedings Graphics Interface '93. computer-graphics. image-processing. ray-tracing. computer generated scenes. video image. common viewing parameters. common visibility. common illumination. computer augmented reality. surface radiosity. surface reflectance. ambient light. radiosity computation. 254-262 Common Illumination between Real and Computer Generated Scenes The ability to merge a real video image (RVI) with a computer-generated image (CGI) enhances the usefulness of both. To go beyond 'cut and paste' and chroma-keying, and merge the two images successfully, one must solve the problem of common viewing parameters, common visibility and common illumination. The result can be dubbed computer augmented reality (CAR). The authors present techniques for approximating the common global illumination for RVIs and CGIs, assuming some elements of the scene geometry of the real world and common viewing parameters are known. Since the real image is a projection of the exact solution for the global illumination in the real world (done by nature), they approximate the global illumination of the merged image by making the RVI part of the solution to the common global illumination computation. The objects in the real scene are replaced by few boxes covering them; the image intensity of the RVI is used as the initial surface radiosity of the visible part -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1185 Book Fowlkes, J. E.; Kennedy, R. S.; Hettinger, L. J.; Harm, D. L. 1993 Subject Major: DARK-ADAPTATION. MOTION-SICKNESS.Subject Minor: AIRCRAFT-PILOTS. NAVY-PERSONNEL. ADULTHOOD.Identifiers: dark focus of accommodation, simulator sickness, male college students & Navy pilots. 612-618 Changes in the Dark Focus of Accomodation Associated with Simulator Sickness Abstract: The relationship between the dark focus of accommodation and simulator sickness, a form of motion sickness, was examined in 3 experiments. In Exp 1, dark focus was measured in 18 male college students in a laboratory setting before and after they viewed a projected motion scene depicting low altitude helicopter flight. In Exp 2 and 3, dark focus was measured in pilots ( n = 16 and 23, respectively) before and after they "flew" in moving-base helicopter flight simulators with optical infinity CRT visual systems. Ss who experienced simulator sickness had either an inward (myopic) change in dark focus or attenuated outward shifts in dark focus relative to Ss who did not get sick. Night vision goggles, virtual environments, extended periods in microgravity, and heads-up displays all produced related visual sympt -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1186 -1 accomodation -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1187 Conference Proceedings Fox, J.; Smith, S. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting Subject: Apple-computers. interactive-systems. software-tools. user-interfaces.Identifiers: dynamic rules. user interface design. DRUID. computer-based design tool. Apple Macintosh II. HyperCard software. sequence control. mouse. keyed command entries. Abstract -interface design 1143 Dynamic Rules for User Interface Design (DRUID) Abstract: Summary form only given. DRUID is a tool for improving user interface design. It is based on the 944 design guidelines proposed by Smith and Mosier (1986), but its capabilities extend beyond that. It is a computer-based design tool. Users can specify relevant guidelines for a system design application and rate the relative importance of those selected guidelines. DRUID is implemented on the Apple Macintosh II computer with HyperCard software. The user interface is designed to accommodate both expert and novice users. A user can accomplish sequence control either by pointing (via mouse) or by keyed command entries. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1188 Report Fox, G. C.; Furmanski, W.; Nilan, M. S.; Small, R. V. 1994 Northeast Parallel Architecture Center Assessing Virtual Reality for Education Project summary. -1 -1 Jan 1, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1189 Report Fox, G. C.; Furmanski, W.; Nilan, M. S.; Small, R. V. 1994 Northeast Parallel Architecture Center Parallel Processing and Virtual Reality for Pre-college Education Project summary -1 -1 Jan 15, 1994 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1190 Conference Proceedings Fox, G.C.; Furmanski, W.; Hornberger, P.; Niemiec, J.; Simoni, D. 1994 HITL 1334 British Computer Society, Computer Graphics and Display Group International Meeting on Applications of Virtual Reality 1-19 Implementing Televirtuality -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1191 Newspaper Article Fox, A. The Daily Seattle, WA 1995 HITL 1283 6-7 Virtual Medicine at the UW -1 -1 July 26 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1192 Magazine Article Fox, B. 3 D Design 1996 HITL 493 27-34 Let There Be VRML -1 -1 October 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1193 Magazine Article Fox, B. New Scientist 1996 HITL 679 29 Pop-Up TV -1 -1 May 25, 1996 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1194 Conference Proceedings Foyle, D. Bellingham, WA, USA 1992 SPIE SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering - Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display III Subject: behavioural-sciences. display-instrumentation. human-factors. performance-evaluation. sensor-fusion.Identifiers: operator performance. multisensor displays. integration models. sensor fusion. identification task 514-525 Proposed Evaluation Framework for Assessing Operator Performance with Multisensor Displays Abstract: Based on existing integration models in the literature, an evaluation framework is developed to assess an operator's ability to use multisensor, or sensor fusion, displays. The proposed evaluation framework for evaluating the operator's ability to use such systems is a normative approach: the operator's performance with the sensor fusion display can be compared to the models' predictions based on the operator's performance when viewing the original sensor displays prior to fusion. An experiment demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed evaluation framework is discussed. -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1195 Conference Proceedings Foyle, D.; Ahumada, A.; Larimer, J.; Townsend-Sweet, B. 1992 SAE - The Engineering Society for Advancing Mobility Land Sea Air and Space 102-106 Enhanced/Synthetic Vision Systems: Human Factors Research and Implications for Future Systems -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1196 Conference Proceedings Fracker, M. 1988 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 32nd Annual Meeting A Theory of Situation Assessment: Implications for Measuring Situation Awareness -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1197 Conference Proceedings Fracker, M. Santa Monica, CA, USA 1989 Human Factors Society Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 33rd Annual Meeting attention 1396-1400 Attention Allocation in Situation Awareness none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1198 Conference Proceedings Fracker, M. Neuilly Sur Seine, France 1989 AGARD AGARD Conference Proceedings No. 478 - Situational Awareness in Aerospace Operations. attention 6:1-6:10 Attention Gradients in Situation Awareness none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1199 Report Fracker, M. L.; Davis, S. A. 1991 Wright-Patterson AFB attention Explicit, Implicit, and Subjective Rating Measures of Situation Awareness in a Monitoring Task none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1200 Report Fracker, M. L. 1991 Wright-Patterson AFB attention Measures of Situation Awareness: An Experimental Evaluation none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1201 Report Fracker, M. L. 1991 Wright-Patterson AFB attention Measures of Situation Awareness: Review and Future Directions none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1202 Magazine Article Franca, F. Videography 1995 HITL 114 8 100-104 A Practical Guide to MPEG Publishing 20 -1 -1 August 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1203 Report Frank, A.; Mark, D. -1 Language Issues for Geographical Information Systems -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1204 Journal Article Frank, A. 1992 Computers and Geosciences 4 pp. 409-417 Spatial Concepts, Geometric Data Models and Data Structures 18 -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1205 Conference Proceedings Franklin, P NY, NY, USA 1993 IEEE 1993 Proceedings of the Annual Reliability and Maintainablity Symposium SW 348-353 Software-Reliability Prediction in a Multiple-Processor Environment none -1 -1 1998-04-20 15:19:47-07 1206 Generic Free, R.M. World Wide Web 1995 HITL