Exploratory Studies on the Sense of Presence in Virtual Environments as a Function of Visual and Auditory Display Parameters

9. Appendix A : Questionnaires

9.1. Questionnaire for Experiment One

Field of View  1.  If your level of presence in       _______ (1 -> 100)            
the real world is "100", and your level of                                          
presence is "1" if you are unconscious, rate                                        
your level of presence in this virtual world :                                      
 2.   How strong was your sense of presence,        1. ____ Extremely strong 2.     
"being      there", in the virtual environment?   ____ Quite strong 3. ____         
                                                  Moderately Strong 4. ____ Not     
                                                  very strong 5. ____ Not strong    
                                                  at all                            
 3.  How realistic did the virtual world appear    1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.   
to you?                                           ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
                                                  Moderately Realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
 4.   Did the objects appear to be compressed      1. ____ Very compressed 2.       
or magnified as compared to real world objects?   ____ Some what compressed 3.      
                                                  ____ Neither compressed or        
                                                  magnified 4. ____ Some what       
                                                  magnified 5. ____ Very            
                                                  magnified                         
 5.   Did your view of the virtual world seem      1. ____ Very narrow 2. ____      
too narrow or wide as compared to the real        Some what narrow 3. ____          
world?                                            Neither narrow or wide 4. ____    
                                                  Some what wide 5. ____ Very       
                                                  wide                              
 6.   Did you feel that the objects in the         1. ____ Very much correct 2.     
virtual world appeared proportionally correct,    ____ Quite correct 3. ____        
that is, did they have about the right size and   Moderately correct 4. ____ Not    
distance in relation to you and other virtual     very correct 5. ____ Not very     
objects?                                          correct at all                    

Stereo/Mono Display                                                                 
 1.  If your level of presence in the real            _______ (1 -> 100)            
world is "100", and your level of presence is                                       
"1" if you are unconscious, rate your level of                                      
presence in this virtual world :                                                    
 2.   How strong was your sense of presence,       1. ____ Extremely strong 2.      
"being      there", in the virtual environment?   ____ Quite strong 3. ____         
                                                  Moderately Strong 4. ____ Not     
                                                  very strong 5. ____ Not strong    
                                                  at all                            
 3.   How realistic did the virtual world          1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.   
appear to you?                                    ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
                                                  Moderately Realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
 4.   To what degree did the room and the          1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.   
objects in the room appear to have realistic      ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
depth/volume?                                     Moderately realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
 5.   Did you feel that you could have reached     1. ____ Extremely so 2. ____     
into the virtual world and grasp an object?       Quite so 3. ____ Moderately so    
                                                  4. ____ Not very much so 5.       
                                                  ____ Not at all                   
Headtracking                                                                        
1.  If your level of presence in the real world      _______ (1 -> 100)             
is "100", and your level of presence is "1" if                                      
you are unconscious, rate your level of                                             
presence in this virtual world :                                                    
 2.   How strong was your sense of presence,       1. ____ Extremely strong 2.      
"being      there", in the virtual environment?   ____ Quite strong 3. ____         
                                                  Moderately Strong 4. ____ Not     
                                                  very strong 5. ____ Not strong    
                                                  at all                            
 3.   How realistically did the virtual world      1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.   
interact with you?                                ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
                                                  Moderately Realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
 4.   How realistically did the virtual world      1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.   
move in response to your head motions?            ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
                                                  Moderately realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  

9.2. Questionnaires for Experiment Two

Sound                                                                               
 1.  If your level of presence in the real            _______ (1 -> 100)            
world is "100", and your level of presence is                                       
"1" if you are unconscious, rate your level of                                      
presence in this virtual world :                                                    
  2.   How strong was your sense of presence,       1. ____ Extremely strong 2.     
"being      there", in the virtual environment?   ____ Quite strong 3. ____         
                                                  Moderately Strong 4. ____ Not     
                                                  very strong 5. ____ Not strong    
                                                  at all                            
 3.  How realistic did the virtual world seem      1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.   
to you?                                           ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
                                                  Moderately Realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  

Spatialized Sound                                                                   
1.  If your level of presence in the real world      _______ (1 -> 100)             
is "100", and your level of presence is "1" if                                      
you are unconscious, rate your level of                                             
presence in this virtual world :                                                    
 2.   How strong was your sense of presence,        1. ____ Extremely strong 2.     
"being      there", in the virtual environment?   ____ Quite strong 3. ____         
                                                  Moderately Strong 4. ____ Not     
                                                  very strong 5. ____ Not strong    
                                                  at all                            
 3.  How realistic did the virtual world seem      1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.   
to you?                                           ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
                                                  Moderately Realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
 4.   How realistically did the sound sources      1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.   
interact with you as you navigated throughout     ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
the virtual world?                                Moderately Realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
 5.   To what degree did the sound sources in      1. ____ Very specific            
the virtual room appear to come from specific     locations 2. ____ Some what       
locations ?                                       specific      locations 3. ____   
                                                  Moderately specific               
                                                  locations 4. ____ Not very        
                                                  specific locations 5. ____ No     
                                                  specific locations at all         


9.3. Questionnaires for Experiment Three

Post Trial Subjective Assessment

1.   How strong is your sense of presence,        1. ____ Extremely strong 2.       
"being      there", in this virtual               ____ Quite strong 3. ____         
environment?                                      Moderately Strong 4. ____ Not     
                                                  very strong 5. ____ Not strong    
                                                  at all                            
2.   If your level of presence in the real           _______ (1 -> 100)             
world is "100", and your level of presence is                                       
"1" if you are unconscious, rate your level of                                      
presence in this virtual world :                                                    
3.  How realistic does this virtual world         1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.    
appear to you?                                    ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
                                                  Moderately Realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
4.   Do you feel that the objects in this         1. ____ Very much correct 2.      
virtual world appeared proportionally correct,    ____ Quite correct 3. ____        
that is, are they  about the right size and       Moderately correct 4. ____ Not    
distance in relation to you and to other          very correct 5. ____ Not very     
virtual objects?                                  correct at all                    
5.   To what degree does this virtual room and    1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.    
the objects in the room appear to have            ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
realistic depth/volume?                           Moderately realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
6. Do you feel that you can reach into the        1. ____ Extremely so 2. ____      
virtual environment and grasp an object ?         Quite so 3. ____ Moderately so    
                                                  4. ____ Not very much so 5.       
                                                  ____ Not  at all                  
7.   How realistically does this virtual world    1. ____ Extremely realistic 2.    
move in response to your head and upper body      ____ Quite realistic 3. ____      
motions?                                          Moderately realistic 4. ____      
                                                  Not very realistic 5. ____ Not    
                                                  realistic at all                  
8.   How successful do you think you would be     1. ____ Extremely successful 2.   
in making distance judgments (as you did in the   ____ Quite successful 3. ____     
first part of this experiment) in this virtual    Moderately successful 4. ____     
world?                                            Not very successful 5. ____ Not   
                                                  successful at all                 

Post Experiment Subjective Assessment

Age: _______ Sex: ________

1.  When you think back about your experience,    1. ____ Saw 2. ____ Sort of Saw   
do you think of the computer-generated world      3. ____ Borderline 4. ____ Sort   
more as something that you saw, or more as        of Visited 5. ____ Visited        
something that you visited?                                                         
 2.   How aware were you of the real world         1. ____ Extremely aware 2.       
surroundings while navigating in the virtual      ____ Quite aware 3. ____          
world? (i.e. sounds, room temperature, other      Moderately aware 4. ____ Not      
people, etc.)                                     very aware 5. ____ Not aware at   
                                                  all                               
 3.   Have you experienced computer generated      Yes / No                         
"virtual reality" before?                                                           
 4.   Are you a regular computer user?             Yes / No                         
  5.  What is your overall comfort level with      1. ____ Extremely comfortable    
computers?                                        2. ____ Quite comfortable 3.      
                                                  ____ Moderately comfortable 4.    
                                                  ____ Not very comfortable 5.      
                                                  ____ Not comfortable at all       
 6.  What was your overall enjoyment               1. ____ Extremely enjoyable 2.   
participating in this study?                      ____ Quite enjoyable 3. ____      
                                                  Moderately enjoyable 4. ____      
                                                  Not very enjoyable 5. ____ Not    
                                                  enjoyable at all                  
 7.   How dizzy, sick or nauseous did you feel     1. ____ Extremely so 2. ____     
resulting from the experience in the computer     Quite so 3. ____ Moderately so    
generated world, if at all?                       4. ____ Not very much 5. ____     
                                                  Not at all                        
 8.   When you change your circumstances, such     1. ____ Extremely quick 2.       
as moving, going to a foreign country, starting   ____ Quite quickly 3. ____        
a new job, being in a new environment, how        Moderately quick 4. ____ Not      
quickly do you usually adapt?                     very quick 5. ____ Not at all     
 9.   With what degree of ease were you able to    1. ____ Extremely easy 2. ____   
navigate within the virtual environment?          Quite easily 3. ____ Moderately   
                                                  easy 4. ____ Not very easy 5.     
                                                  ____ Not easily at all            
 10.   In real life do you suffer sometimes        Yes / No                         
from nausea while traveling - such as car                                           
sickness, sea sickness, and so on?                                                  
 11.   Please write any comments at all that       Answer:                          
you wish to make about your experience. In                                          
particular we are interested in your sense of                                       
"being there" in the virtual world. What                                            
increased or decreased your sense of being                                          
there?