Akinesia

For the purposes of this thesis, the generic definition of akinesia as difficulty initiating and maintaining motion has been sufficient. More precise definitions have been put forward, however.

Delwaide and Gonce [12] provide a more detailed list of possible symptoms of akinesia, as follows:

• Delayed motor initiation
• Slow performance of voluntary movements
• Difficulty reaching a target with a single continuous movement
• Rapid fatigue with repetitive movement
• Inability to execute simultaneous actions
• Inability to execute sequential actions
• Negative symptoms, including
  • Disorders of postural fixation and equilibrium
  • Disorders of righting
  • Disorders of locomotion
  • Disorders of phonation and articulation
  • Disorders of arm movement
• Defective kinetic automatisms --- the loss of associated movements such as arm swinging during gait, etc.

Imai et al. [31] list as symptoms:

• Masked face
• Loss of finger dexterity
• Loss of restless spontaneous movements of normals while sitting
• Micrographia
• Loss of arm swing in walking
• Shuffling gait
• Freezing of gait