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The Influence of Whole-Body Interaction on Wayfinding in Virtual Reality
by Barry Peterson

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Introduction

• 1.1 Hypothesis

• 2.1 Human Wayfinding in the Real-World
  
  • 2.1.1 Components of Spatial Knowledge
  • 2.1.2 Landmark Knowledge
  • 2.1.3 Route Knowledge
  • 2.1.4 Survey Knowledge
  • 2.1.5 Survey Knowledge Development is Desirable in Certain Cases
  • 2.1.6 The Development of Spatial Representation is Effortful
• 2.2 Wayfinding in the Virtual World
  
  • 2.2.1 Experimental Methods
  • 2.2.2 Performance Measures
  • 2.2.3 Wayfinding Task Difficulty
• 2.3 Multi-Sensory Nature of Virtual Reality
  
  • 2.3.1 Natural Interfaces
  • 2.3.2 Intersensory Integration
  • 2.3.3 Kinesthetic and Vestibular Stimulation and Interfaces
  • 2.3.4 Locomotion Interfaces
  • 2.3.5 Sufficient Motion

Chapter 3: The VMC as a means for providing sufficient motion in Virtual Environments

• 3.1 Reason for Developing the VMC
• 3.2 VMC Function
• 3.3 Features
• 3.4 Possible Advantages of the VMC

Chapter 4: An Experiment Using Sufficient Motion to Wayfind in Virtual Worlds

• 4.0 An Experiment Using Sufficient Motion to Wayfind in Virtual Worlds
• 4.1 Rationale
• 4.2 Experimental Hypothesis
• 4.3 Experimental Design
  • 4.3.1 Independent Variables
  • 4.3.1.1 Device Type
  • 4.3.1.2 Maze Difficulty
  • 4.3.2 Dependent Variables
• 4.4 Method
  • 4.4.1. Participants
  • 4.4.2. System Apparatus
  • 4.4.2.1 Visual Displays
  • 4.4.3 Virtual Environments
  • 4.4.4 Collision Detection
  • 4.4.5 Input Devices
  • 4.4.6 System Construction
• 4.5 Procedure

Chapter 5: Results

• 5.1 Maneuver
  • 5.1.1 Question 1: Compare Number of Hits
  • 5.1.1.1 Results
  • 5.1.2 Question 2: Compare the Distance Traveled per Marker Hit
  • 5.1.2.1 Results
  • 5.1.3 Discussion of the Maneuver Results
• 5.2 Route Knowledge
  • 5.2.1 Question 1: Compare the Proportion of Lost Cases
  • 5.2.1.1 Results
  • 5.2.2 Question 2: Compare the Number of Decision Lines Crossed
  • 5.2.2.1 Results
  • 5.2.3 Question 3: Compare the Time Traveled per Decision Line Crossed
  • 5.2.3.1 Results
  • 5.2.4 Discussion of the Route Knowledge Results
• 5.3 Survey Knowledge or Sense of Direction
  • 5.3.1: Question 1: Compare the Pointing Angle Error
  • 5.3.1.1 Results
  • 5.3.2 Question 2: Compare the Proportion of Lost Cases
  • 5.3.2.1 Results
  • 5.3.3 Question 3: Compare Route Length
  • 5.3.3.1 Results
  • 5.3.4 Discussion of the Survey Knowledge Results
• 5.4 Simulator Sickness
  • 5.4.1 Question 1: Compare the Difference in SSQ Post - Pre Test Scores
  • 5.4.1.1 Results

Chapter 6: General Discussion

• 6.1 Relationship Between the Interface and the Task
• 6.2 Influence of the Experimental Maze Complexity and Task Requirements
• 6.3 Influence of Device Type
• 6.4 Further VMC Experimentation

Chapter 7: Future Directions and Conclusions

• 7.1 Future Directions
  • 7.1.1 VMC Improvements and Further Investigation
  • 7.1.2 Individual Differences in Wayfinding Ability
• 7.2 Conclusions

References
Appendix 1: Instructions to Participants
Appendix 2: Experimental Questionnaires