Newsgroups: sci.virtual-worlds From: "Sci.Virtual-Worlds" Followup-To: sci.virtual-worlds Subject: sci.virtual-worlds HMD FAQ Archive-name: virtual-worlds/hmd-faq Posting-frequency: monthly Last-modified: 1996/01/16 sci.virtual-worlds Head Mounted Displays (HMD) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) The latest edition of this FAQ can always be retrieved from Subject: -1- Introduction This HMD faq is meant to supply product information regarding Head Mounted Displays. The information is culled from the WWW, sci.virtual-worlds archives and from two great resources, VR News and Real Time Graphics 1995 features on Head Mounted Displays. These two articles are great resources, with photos of all the HMD's. They are listed in the reference section and are highly recommended. Vendors are listed alphabetically with product cross reference. The product listings are listed alphabetically by product name with the vendor cross reference. Field of View is described as horizontal field of view in degrees (H) by vertical field of view in degrees (V). Questions, comments, or suggestions should be sent to: Snail-mail may be sent to: Sci.virtual-worlds c/o Toni Emerson, HITLab University of Washington, Human Interface Technology Laboratory PO Box 352412 Seattle, WA, 98195-2412 USA Subject: -2- Table of Contents Topics covered in this FAQ: --------------------------- -1- Introduction -2- Definitions -3- Vendor List -4- Product List -4- References Subject: -2- Definitions Head Mounted Displays (HMD): Head Coupled Displays: Monocular Displays: See Through Display: Shutter Glasses: Subject: -3- Vendor List 3D-MAX Tel: +46 (0)18 18 77 77/Fax: +46 (0)18 51 66 00 Email: sales@ThreeD-MAX.udac.se WWW: http://www.threed-max.udac.se/, http://pcvr.kasan.co.kr product: 3D-Max All-Pro Products Inc. 555 White Plains road Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA Tel: 1-914-631-9400/Fax: 1-914-631-9487 product: 7th Sense Astounding Technologies Inc. 950 Benecia Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94086 USA Tel: 1-408-522-0300/Fax: 1-408-522-0310 product: Video Visor CAE Electronics Ltd 8585 Cote de Liesse C.P. 1800 Saint-Laurent Quebec, Canada H4L4X4 Tel: 1-514-341-6780/Fax: 1-514-341-7669 product: Fiber-Optic HMD, Telepresence Visual System Division LTD Bristol, England Tel: +44-0545-615554/Fax: +44-0454-615532 Division Inc: Tel: 1-800-877-8759 WWW: http://www.division.co.uk/ product: dVISOR Division, Inc. The Courtyard, #10 431 West Franklin St. Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA Tel: 1-919-968-7795/Fax: 1-919-968-7890 Email: info@division.com product: dVISOR Division, Inc. - Redwood City, CA USA Tel: 1-415-364-6067/Fax: 1-415-364-4663 product: dVISOR Fakespace, Inc. 4085 Campbell Ave. Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA Tel: 1-415-688-1940/Fax: 1-415-688-1949 Email: fakespce@well.sf.ca.us product: BOOM3C, BOOM3M, BOOMD3C, BOOMD3M, PIVOT, FS2, MedView FORTE Technologies Inc. Paul Matthews 1057 E. Henrietta Rd. Rochester, NY 14623 USA Tel: 1-716-427-8595/Fax: 1-716- 292-6353 Email: support@fortevr.com URL: http://www.fortevr.com/ product: VFX1 General Reality Company 124 Race Str. San Jose, CA 95126 USA Tel: 1-408-289-8340/Fax: 1-408-289-8258 Email: sales@genreality.com product: ACE-100M, ACE100S Hughes Training Inc. Link Division PO Box 1237 Binghamton, NY 13902-1237 USA Tel: 1-607-721-4356/Fax: 1-607-721-5600 product: ClearVue Kaiser Electro-Optics 2752 Loker Ave. West Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA Tel: 1-619-438-9255/Fax: 1-619-438-6875 Email: kaisereo@cerfnet.com product: VIM 1000pv, VIM3/EYE, SIM EYE 60, SIM EYE 60, Full Immersion HMD-1 Kopin Corporation Innovision Center 160-A Albright Way Los Gatos, CA 95030 USA Tel: 1-408-264-0271/Fax: 1-408-274-0272 product: Mobile Assistant Head-Set LEEP Systems Inc. 241 Crescent Street Waltham, MA 02154-3425 USA Tel: 617-647-1395/Fax: 617-899-9602 product: Cyberface 4, Cyberface 5 Liquid Image Corporation 659 Century Street Winnipeg, Manitoba R3H 0L9 Canada Shannon O'Brien, Director Marketing and Sales Tel: 1-204-775-2633/Fax: 1-204-772-0239 WWW: http://www.mbnet.mb.ca/~havelk/ product: MRG2.2, MRG3C, MRG4, MRG5 Nissho Electronics Corp. Advanced Electronics Systems Division 70301 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku Tokyo 104 JAPAN Tel: 81-3-3544-8452/Fax: 81-3-3544-8284 product: STV-01, Eyephone NewHRX nVision Inc. 7915 Jones Branch Drive Suite 1B10 McLean, VA 22102 USA Tel: 1-703-506-8808/Fax:1-703-903-0455 product: Datavisor 9ci and 10x O.I.P. NV/SA Westerring 21 B-9700 Oudenaarde, Belgium Tel: +33-55-333-811/Fax: +33-55-316-895 product: HOPROS RPI-ATG PO Box 14607 San Francisco, CA 94114 USA Tel: 1-415-495-5671/Fax: 1-415-495-5124 Email: fastar99@aol.com product: HMSi Micro Model 900, HMS-EYE2, HMD model 975B, CHECK MATE 100, HIGH VIEW 180 SEOS Displays, Ltd. Marchants Way Burgess Hill, West Sussex RH15 8QY United Kingdom Tel: +44-1444-870-888/Fax: +44-1444-870-777 product: HMD (research project) Shimadzu Corporation Shimadzu Precision Instruments 20410 Earl Street Torrance, CA 90503 USA Tel: 1-310-214-0314/Fax: 1-310-542-0995 Email: Iniimi@aol.com product: STV-01 Stereographics product: Crystal Eyes shutter glasses VictorMaxx Technologies 501 Lake Cook Road, Suite 100 Deerfield, IL 60015 Tel: 1-708-267-0007/Fax: 1-708-267-8669 Email: cybrmaxx@aol.com WWW: http://www.vmax.com/ product: CyberMaxx 180K Virtual Entertainment Systems, Inc. 555 White Plains Road Tarrytown, NY 10591 USA Tel: 1-914-631-9400/Fax: 1-914-631-9487 product: 7th Sense Virtual i-O, Inc. Suite 600 1000 Lenora Street Seattle, WA 98121 USA Tel: 206-382-7410/Fax: 206-382-8810 Email: info@vio.com WWW: http://www.vio.com product: i-glasses! Virtual Reality Inc. 485 Washington Ave. Pleasantville, NY 10570 USA Tel: 1-914-769-0900/Fax: 1-914-769-7106 product: HMD 133 Virtual Reality Research Systems Inc. 2326 Walsh Ave. Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA Tel: 1-408-748-8712/Fax: 1-408-748-8714 Email: virtualres@aol.com product: VR 4, VR 4000, VR 5, EyeGen 3 Virtuality Entertainment, Inc. Suite 105 7801 Mesquite Bend Drive Irving, TX 75063 USA Tel: 1-214-556-1800/Fax: 1-214-556-1890 WWW: http://www.virtuality.com/ product: Visette Visionics Corporation Suite 600 1000 Boone Avenue North Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA Tel: 1-612-544-4950/Fax: 1-612-544-4784 product: Visionics Low Vision Enghancement System Vista Controls Inc. 27825 Fremont Court Santa Clarita, CA 91355 USA Tel: 1-805-257-4430/Fax: 1-805-257-4782 product: See-Thru-Armor, Vista Vison Subject: -3- Product List 3D-Max Display: LCD shutter glasses Price: $200 Vendor: 3D-Max 2001 Video Visor Display: active matrix LCD Resolution: 428 x 244 pixels Field of view: 30 (H) x 22.5 (V) Overlap: 100 % Weight: less than 14 oz. Price: approx. $795 Vendor: Astounding Technologies 7th Sense Display: single LCD Resolution: 216 x 145 pixels Field of view: 57(H) x 47(V) Audio: stereo earphones and microphone built in Tracking: 3DOF sourceless tracker built-in Weight: 28 ounces Price: $400 Vendor: All Pro Atari IVR Display: single LCD Resolution: 209 x 167 pixels Field of View: 50 (H) x 40 (V) Video/Interface: designed to interface with Atari Jaguar Price: $200 Vendor: Virtuality BOOMD3C (color), BOOMD3M (mono) Display: dual CRT Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels Field of View: 140(H) x 90 (V) Tracking: 2DOF (pan and tilt), optomechanical Price: $45,000 BOOMD3C, $25,000 BOOMD3M Vendor: FakeSpace CHECK MATE 100 Display: dual active matrix LCD Resolution: 2481 x 684 pixels Field of View: 120 (H) x 40 (V) Overlap: 100% Weight: approx. 19 ounces Price: $41,050 Vendor: RPI ATG ClearVue Display: monchrome CRT with LC filters Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels Field of view: 80 (H) x 40 (V) Overlap: 30 degrees Weight: 3 lbs, 5 oz. Price: $100,000 Vendor: Hughes Training Crystal Eyes Display: Shutter Glasses CyberEye CE-200N Display: dual active matrix LCD Resolution: 789 x 230 pixels Field of view: 22.5 (H) x 16.8 (V) Overlap: 100 % overlap Weight: 14 oz. Price: $1,895 Vendor: General Reality CyberEye CE-200W Display: dual active matrix LCD Resolution: 789 x 230 pixels Field of view: 35 (H) x 26 (V) Overlap: 100 % Weight: 14 oz. Price: $1,995 Vendor: General Reality CyberEye ACE-200N Display: dual active matrix LCD Resolution: 789 x 230 pixels Field of view: 35 (H) x 26 (V) Overlap: 100% Weight: 16 oz. Price: $2,595 Vendor: General Reality CyberFace 2 Display: single large-format LCD, divergent axis Resolution: 385 x 119 pixels Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL composite or RGB Field of View: 140 (H) x 110(V) Tracking: not included Weight: 32 ounces Price: $10,500 Vendor: LEEP Systems CyberFace 3 Display: single large-format LCD, head-coupled Resolution: 480 x 120 pixels Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL composite or RGB Audio: stereo earphones Field of View: 80 (H) x 60 (V) Tracking: mechanical, 3DOF Weight: arm Price: $17,105 Vendor: LEEP Systems CyberFace 4 Display: single large-format LCD, head-coupled Resolution: 640 x 480 pixels Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL composite or RGB Field of View: 80(H) x 60(V) Audio: stereo earphones Tracking: mechanical, 3DOF Weight: arm Price: $18,400 Vendor: LEEP Systems CyberFace 5 - LEEP Systems Display: quad LCD, triple acuity Resolution: 1170 x 202 pixels Field of View: 140 (H) x 110 (V) Note: being developed under contract to NASA Price: $45,000 (estimated) Vendor: LEEP Systems CyberMaxx Display: two 0.7" colour active matrix LCDs Resolution: 267 x 225 pixels, 120,000 pixels per LCD panel Video/Interface: VGA, Macintosh, NTSC, PAL Field of View: 56 (H) x 42 (V) Stereo: Non-Field sequential Audio: Stereo RCA connectors (headphones included) Overlap: 100 % Tracking: 3 DOF, 360 degrees yaw, +/-45 degrees pitch/yaw Weight: 14 oz. Price: $889 Vendor: VictorMaxx Datavisor 9ci and 10x Display: dual CRT Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels Field of View: 50 (H) x 37(V) Overlap: 0-100 adjustable Tracking: optional Weight: 3.5 pounds Price: $64,000 10x, $56,000 9ci Vendor: nVISION dVISOR Display:active matrix color LCD Resolution: 345 x 259 pixels Field of view: 105 (H) x 41 (V) Overlap: 40 degrees Weight: 80 oz. Price: $6, 900 Vendor: Division Eyephone NewHRX Display: dual 3 inch LCDs, with 43 degrees overlap Resolution: 920 x 480 pixels Field of View: 110 (H) x 77 (V) Video/Interface: NTSC, VGA optional Tracking: Polhemus optional Weight: 3 pounds Price: $70-90,000 Vendor: Nissho Electronics Fiber-Optic HMD Display: CRT projector through fiber optics Resolution: pixel size: 6.6 background, 2.2 inset; pixel structure: 1.2 million pixels distributed between inset and background Field of view: 120 degrees (H) x 55 degrees (V) Overlap: 25 degrees Weight: approx. 4.5 lbs. Price: by quotation Vendor: CAE Electronica FS2 Display: dual CRT Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels; field sequential color; pixel size depends on optics module Field of view: 30-140 degress (H) x 90 degrees (V) Overlap: 100% Tracking: 6DOF optomechanical Price: $95,000 Vendor: Fakespace Full Immersion HMD-1 Display: 6 LCDs per eye Resolution: 1153 x 300 pixels Field of view: 155 (H) x 40 (V) Overlap: 40 degrees Tracking: Polhemus optional Weight: 36 oz. Price: contact vendor Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics HIGH VIEW 180 Display: dual active matrix LCD Resolution: 827 x 428 pixels Field of View: 25 (H) x 19 (V) Overlap: 100 % Weight: 4 ounces Price: $1,850 Vendor: RPI ATG HMD Model 975B Display: dual LCD Resolution: 316 x 230 pixels Field of View: 55.2 (H) x 36 (V) Overlap: 85% Tracking: optional Weight: 33 ounces Price: $9975 Vendor: RPI-ATG HMS-EYE2 Display: dual LCD Resolution: 316 x 230 pixels (at 85% overlap) Field of View: 55.2 (H) x 36 (V) Overlap: 70%, 80%, 85% options Video/Interface: dual NTSC Tracking: optional Weight: greater than 16 ounces Price: $1850 Vendor: RPI-ATG HMSI Micro Model 900 Display: dual LCD Resolution: 473 x 218 pixels Field of View: 65(H) x 40 (V) Overlap: 100% Video/Interface: dual NTSC or RGB encoded to NTSC Tracking: tracker optional Weight: 4 ounces Price: $3,500, prototype only; built to order Vendor: RPI-ATG HOPROS Display: dual CRT, see through Resolution: 640 x 480 pixels Field of View: 20 (H) x 20 (V) Video/Interface: PAL, NTCS optional Tracking: head and eye tracking technology under develpment Weight: approx. 28 ounces Price: $7,000 stereo, $3,000 mono Vendor: OIP i-glasses! Display: 2 full color 0.7" LCDs, see through optional Resolution: ; 789 x 230 pixels Field of view: 30 degrees each eye, 25 degrees (H) x 19 degress (V) Overlap: 100% stereo Video/Interface: one RCA connector Audio: Stereo, 1 volt peak-to-peak, Frequency response 20Hz-20kHz , 3-D audio spatialization Tracking: HEAD TRACKER 3 degrees of freedom: pitch, roll and yaw , 250 Hz sample rate Weight: 8 ounces Price: $799, $599 video only Vendor: Virtual i-O, Inc. MedView Display: dual CRT Resolution: 1280 x 960 pixels Field of view: 30(H) x 30(V) Tracking: 6DOF optomechanical Notes: Interface is RGB sequential, compatible with SGI RealityEngine. Price: $95,000 Vendor: Fakespace Mobile Assistant Head-Set Display: monocular LCD, monochrome or color Resolution: 640 x 480 pixels Field of View: 26 (H) x 19 (V) Tracking: none Video/Interface: VGA/SVGA Weight: 10 ounces Notes: available for right or left eye Price: $1000 monocrhrome, $1500 color Vendor: Kopin MRG 2.2 Display: single large format LCD Resolution: 240 x 240 pixels Field of View: 84 (H) x 65 (V) Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL composite/analog RGB Tracking: accomodates all Ascension and Polhemus trackers Weight: 4 pounds Price: $3,495 Vendor: Liquid Image MRG3C - Liquid Image Display: single large format LCD Resolution: 256 x 556 pixels Field of View: 84 (H) x 65 (V) Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL, analog RGB Weight: 4 pounds Price: $5,500 Vendor: Liquid Image MRG4 - Liquid Image Display: single large format LCD Resolution: 160 x 234 pixels Field of View: 61 (H) x 46 (V) Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL, analog RGB Weight: 2 pounds Price: $2,199 Vendor: Liquid Image MRG5 - Liquid Image Display: dual LCD Resolution: 256 x 480 pixels Field of View: 50 (H) x n/d (V) Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL, analog RGB Tracking: accommodates all Ascension and Polhemus trackers Weight: 1.2 pounds Price: contact vendor Vendor: Liquid Image PIVOT Display: dual CRT Resolution: > 1280 x 1024 pixels Field of View: 30-140 degress (H) x 90 degrees (V) Overlap: 100% Price: $45,000 FTP: ftp://www.hitl.washington.edu/pub/scivw/commercial/FakeSpace/Fakespace-Pivot Vendor: Fakespace See-Thru-Armor Display: dual LCD Resolution: 284 x 213 pixels Field of View: 40 (H) x 30 (V) Overlap: 100% Tracking: 2-6 DOF sourceless tracker offered Video/Interface: RS170, RGB optional Vendor: Vista Controls Silicon Window 3C Display: dual CRT Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels Field of View: 60 (H) x 65 (V) Overlap: 100% Tracking: mechanical, desk-mounted Weight: arm Price: $59,000 Vendor: RPI-ATG SIM EYE 40- Kaiser Electro-Optics Display: dual CRT Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels/LCD (at 50% overlap) Field of view: 60 (H) x 40 (V) Overlap: 50 or (100 % overlap, fov is 40 degrees circular) Video/Interface: monochrome, composite video from RS-170 to 1280 x 1024 non-interlaced; color, composite field sequential video from RS-170 to 1280 x 1024 2:1 interlaced. Tracking: optional Weight: 4.5 pounds Price: $145, 000 SIM EYE 60 Display: field sequential CRT Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels/LCD Field of view: 100 (H) x 60 (V) Overlap: 20 degrees Weight:5.2 pounds Price: $165, 000 Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics STV-01 Display: monochrome CRTs with color wheels Resolution: 600 x 480 pixels Field of View: 48-60 (H) x 36 (V) Overlap: 100 % Price: 3,750,000 yen Vendor: Shimadzu Corporation Video Visor Display: dual LCD Resolution: 215 x 162 pixels Field of view: 30 (H) x 22.5 (V) Overlap: 100% Weight: 16 ounces Price: $795 Vendor: Astounding Technologies VIM 1000HRpv - Kaiser Electro-Optics Display: 4 active matrix LCDs Resolution: 800 x 225 pixels/LCD Field of view: 100 (H) x 30(V) Overlap: 67% Weight: 26 ounces Price: $7,995 Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics VIM 500pv Display: dual LCD Resolution: 237 x 225 pixels Field of view: 40 (H) x 30(V) Tracking: Polhemus optional Overlap: 100% Price: $3,495 Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics VIM 3/EYE Display: 3 LCDs per eye Resolution: 1380 x 640 pixels Video/Interface: Interface is six composite NTSC video inputs Field of view: 116 (H) x 30 (V) Audio: includes stereo headphones Tracking: Polhemus optional Price: contact vendor Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics Virtual Reality High-Res. Color HMD133 Display: field sequential CRT Resolution: 1280 x 960 pixels Field of View: 40 (H) x 30 (V) Overlap: 100% Tracking: tracker mounts provided Note: connects to SGI RealityEngine field sequential interface Weight: approx. 3 pounds Price: $40,000 Vendor: Virtual Reality Inc. VFX-1 Display: dual LCD Resolution: 278 x 204 pixesl Field of view: 48 (H) x 35.2 (V) Overlap: adjustable up to 100% Tracking: proprietary 3DOF sourceless "Virtual Oreintation System" Weight: 16-24 ounces Price: $995 Vendor: Forte Technologies Visette 2000 Pro Display: dual LCD Resolution: 252 x 244 pixels Overlap: 100%, 75% or 60% overlap Field of view: 60 (H) x 46.8 (V) Audio: microphone and stereo earphones included Tracking: includes Polhemus tracker Price: designed to interface to Virtuality's entertainment system, not priced separately Vendor: Virtuality Vista Vision Display: monocular active matrix LCD Resolution: 640 x 480 pixels (monochrome), 789 x 230 pixels (color) Field of View: 32 (H) x 24 (V) Overlap: 100% Video/Interface: monocular, color, NTSC Price: $12,500 Vendor: Vista Controls VR4 Display: dual active matrix LCDs Resolution: 742 x 230 pixels Overlap: 100% or 85% Field of view: 48 (H) x 36 (V) Video/Interface: video or RGB Audio: stereo earphones included Tracking: supports standard trackers Price: approx. $7,900 Vendor: Virtual Research Systems VR4000 Display: dual LCD Resolution: 732 x 230 pixels Field of view: 30 (H) x 22.5 (V) Overlap: 100% Video/Interface: video/RGB Audio: stereo audio system is off-ear Tracking: supports standard trackers Price: contact vendor Vendor: Virtual Research Systems VR5 Display: dual CRT, with color shutters Resolution: 640 x 480 pixels Field of view: 42.4 (H) x 31.8 (V) Video/Interface: RS170, RGB, option to accept filed sequential Tracking: supports standard trackers Weight: about 2 pounds Price: approx. $20,000 Vendor: Virtual Research Subject: -4- References (1995, May). Headmounted Displays. VR News, 4(4), pp. 20-29. (1995, August). Head Mounted Display Survey: A Comprehensive Round-Up of Products. Real Time Graphics, 4(2), pp. 8-13. Bolas, M.T., McDowall, I.E., Mead, R.X., Lorimer, E.R. , Hackbush, J.E. and Greuel, C. (1995). Alternative display and interaction devices. In Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems II, vol. 2409 (pp. 211-219). Bellingham, WA: SPIE. Delaney, B. (1993, September). A Survey of Head Mounted Displays. Virtual Reality '93: Fall Special Report. AI Expert, pp. 21-24. King, D. (1993, November). Heads Up. Computer Graphics World, 16(11), pp. 41-46. Hezel, P.J. and Veron, H. (1993). Head Mounted Displays for Virtual Reality. in Proceedings of Society for Information Display, 1993 International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers, Vol. XXIV. (p. 909-911). Playa del Rey, CA: Society for Information Display Wells, M. J. and Haas, M. (1992). The Human Factors of Helmet-Mounted Displays and Sights. In M. Karim (Ed.), Electro-Optical Displays . (pp. 743-785). New York: Marcel Dekker. Wickens, C. D., Todd, S. and Seidler, K. (1989). Three-Dimensional Displays: Perception, Implementation, Applications. (CSERIAC SOAR-89-01). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: CSERIAC. Hashimoto, Y. Yamamoto, M. Asaida, T. (1995, July). Cameras and display systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE. vol.83, no.7. pp. 1032-43. Subject: -5- WWW sites, Conferences, Societies EiNet GALAXY, Optics and Photonics Vision Science: The Virtual Library Yahoo Science: Engineering: Optical Engineering Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusettes Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20036-1023. OpticsNet - Optics and photonics research, applications, and industry news. Society of Information Display http://www.garlic.com/sid/ SID Symposium '96 - May 12-17, 1996, San Diego, CA http://www.garlic.com/sid/sidcall.html EURO DISPLAY '96, 16th International Display Research Conference: http:// www.garlic.com/sid/100196.html * The 16th International Display Research Conference, October 1-3, 1996 * International Active Matrix Workshop: September 30, 1996 * Electronic Information Display Exhibition: October 1-3, 1996, Metropole Hotel, Birmingham, England SPIE -The International Society for Optical Engineering http://www.spie.org SPIE conferences are identified by volume number, below are some relevant conferences: *volume 1988 - Display Systems: High-Resolution and Large Screen Displays and Helmet, Head-Up, and Head-Down Displays (C T Bartlett/M D Cowan) *volume 2218 Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays and Symbology Design Requirements (R J Lewandowski/W Stephens/L A Haworth) 382pg/38pp, (Jun 1994) *volume 2465 Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays and Symbology Design Requirements II (R J Lewandowski/W Stephens/L A Haworth) 308pg/28pp, (May 1995) *volume 1695 Helmet-Mounted Displays III (T M Lippert 190pg/21pp, (Oct 1992 *volume 1457 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications II (J O Merritt/S S Fisher) 356pg/36pp, (Aug 1991 *volume 1669 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications III (J O Merritt/S S FIsher) 280pg/28pp, (Jun 1992) *volume 1915 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications IV (J O Merritt/S S Fisher) 194pg/20pp, (Sep 1993) *volume 2177 Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems (S S Fisher/J O Merritt/M T Bolas) 428pg/47pp, (Apr 1994 *volume 2409 Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems II (S S Fisher/J O Merritt/M T Bolas) 320pg/37pp, (Mar 1995) *volume 2653 Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems III (S S Fisher/J O Merritt/M T Bolas) pg/47pp, (May 1996) Subject: -6- Credits This FAQ was a great learning experience. I want to thank Joel Kollin, Bob Burnstein and Paul Schwartz for taking a look at my work. I also want to thank Mike Bevan of VR News and Roy Latham of Real Time Graphics. Without the original information that they produce _annually_, this wouldn't exist. This FAQ was prepared by Toni Emerson, temerson@hitl.washington.edu copyright 1995,1996 Human Interface Technology Laboratory